I-acetoneiyi-solvent evamile, esetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wamakhemikhali, wezokwelapha, wezokwelapha neminye. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlanganisela eziningi ezinamandla kune-acetone ngokuya nge-solubility kanye nokusebenza kabusha.

 

Okokuqala, ake sikhulume ngotshwala. I-ethanol wutshwala obujwayelekile basekhaya. Ine-solubility eqinile futhi ingasetshenziswa ukuncibilikisa izinhlanganisela eziningi ze-organic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ethanol inemiphumela ethile ye-antiseptic kanye ne-anesthetic, engasetshenziselwa ukukhipha amagciwane nokukhulula ubuhlungu. Ngaphezu kwe-ethanol, kukhona nezinye iziphuzo ezidakayo eziphakeme njenge-methanol, i-propanol ne-butanol. Lezi ziphuzo ezidakayo zinokuncibilika okunamandla futhi zingasetshenziswa ukuncibilikisa izinhlanganisela eziningi.

 

Okulandelayo, sikhuluma nge-ether. I-Ether uhlobo loketshezi oluguquguqukayo olunephuzu eliphansi lokubila kanye nokuncibilika okuphezulu. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njenge-solvent kanye ne-reagent embonini yamakhemikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ether ine-polarity eqinile futhi ingasebenzisana kakhulu namanzi. Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhipha nokuhlanza ama-organic compounds. Ngaphezu kwe-ether evame ukusetshenziswa, kukhona namanye ama-ether afana ne-diethyl ether ne-dipropyl ether. Lawa ma-ether anokuncibilika okuqinile futhi angasetshenziswa ukuncibilikisa izinhlanganisela eziningi.

 

Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlanganisela ezingenhla, kukhona nezinye izinhlanganisela ezifana ne-acetamide, i-dimethylformamide ne-dimethylsulfoxide. Lezi zinhlanganisela zinokuncibilika okunamandla futhi zingasetshenziswa ukuncibilikisa izinhlanganisela eziningi. Ukwengeza, lezi zinhlanganisela nazo zinemisebenzi ethile yomzimba futhi zingasetshenziswa embonini yezemithi ukuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa noma njenge-solvent yokulethwa kwezidakamizwa.

 

Ngamafuphi, kunezinhlanganisela eziningi ezinamandla kune-acetone ngokuya nge-solubility kanye nokusebenza kabusha. Lezi zinhlanganisela zisetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wamakhemikhali, wezokwelapha, wezokwelapha neminye. Ukwengeza, lezi zinhlanganisela nazo zinemisebenzi ethile yomzimba futhi zingasetshenziswa embonini yezemithi ukuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa noma njenge-solvent yokulethwa kwezidakamizwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuze sithuthukise ukuqonda kwethu lezi zinhlanganisela, kufanele siqhubeke nokunaka ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwalezi zinhlanganisela.


Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-14-2023