I-acetoneiwuketshezi olungenambala, oluguquguqukayo olusetshenziswa kakhulu embonini nasekuphileni kwansuku zonke.Iwuhlobo lomzimba we-ketone onefomula ye-molecular C3H6O.I-acetone iyinto evuthayo enephuzu elibilayo lika-56.11°C kanye nephuzu lokuncibilika elingu -94.99°C. Inephunga elinamandla elicasulayo futhi iyaguquguquka kakhulu.Iyancibilika emanzini, ether, notshwala, kodwa hhayi emanzini.Kuyimpahla eluhlaza ewusizo embonini yamakhemikhali, engasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amakhompiyutha ahlukahlukene, futhi isetshenziswa njenge-solvent, cleaner, njll.

Yiziphi izithako ze-acetone?Nakuba i-acetone iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali emsulwa, inqubo yayo yokukhiqiza ihilela ukusabela okuningi.Ake sibheke ukwakheka kwe-acetone kusuka kunqubo yayo yokukhiqiza.

Okokuqala, yiziphi izindlela zokwenza i-acetone?Kunezindlela eziningi zokukhiqiza i-acetone, phakathi kwazo evame kakhulu i-catalytic oxidation ye-propylene.Le nqubo isebenzisa umoya njenge-oxidant, futhi isebenzisa i-catalyst efanelekile ukuguqula i-propylene ibe i-acetone ne-hydrogen peroxide.I-reaction equation imi kanje:

CH3CH=CH2 + 3/2O2→I-CH3COCH3 + H2O2

I-catalyst esetshenziswa kulokhu kusabela ngokuvamile i-oxide ye-titanium dioxide esekelwe kusithwali se-inert njengeγ-Al2O3.Lolu hlobo lwe-catalyst lunomsebenzi omuhle nokukhetha kokuguqulwa kwe-propylene ku-acetone.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izindlela zihlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-acetone nge-dehydrogenation ye-isopropanol, ukukhiqizwa kwe-acetone nge-hydrolysis ye-acrolein, njll.

Ngakho-ke yimaphi amakhemikhali enza i-acetone?Enqubweni yokukhiqiza i-acetone, i-propylene isetshenziswa njengempahla eluhlaza, futhi umoya usetshenziswa njenge-oxidant.I-catalyst esetshenziswa kule nqubo ngokuvamile i-titanium dioxide esekelwe kuyoγ-Al2O3.Ukwengeza, ukuze uthole i-acetone ephezulu yokuhlanzeka, ngemva kokusabela, izinyathelo zokuhlukanisa kanye nokuhlanza ezifana ne-distillation nokulungiswa ngokuvamile ziyadingeka ukuze kukhishwe okunye ukungcola emkhiqizweni wokusabela.

Ukwengeza, ukuze uthole i-acetone ephezulu, izinyathelo zokuhlukanisa kanye nokuhlanza ezifana nokukhishwa kwe-distillation nokulungiswa ngokuvamile ziyadingeka ukuze kukhishwe okunye ukungcola emkhiqizweni wokusabela.Ukwengeza, ukuze kuvikelwe indawo ezungezile kanye nempilo yomuntu, izinyathelo zokwelashwa ezifanele kufanele zithathwe ohlelweni lokukhiqiza ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcola kanye nekhabhoni.

Ngamafuphi, inqubo yokukhiqiza i-acetone ihilela ukusabela nezinyathelo eziningi, kodwa impahla eluhlaza kanye ne-oxidant yi-propylene nomoya ngokulandelanayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-titanium dioxide isekelweγ-Al2O3 ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-catalyst ukukhuthaza inqubo yokusabela.Okokugcina, ngemva kokuhlukaniswa kanye nezinyathelo zokuhlanza ezifana ne-distillation nokulungiswa, i-acetone ephezulu yokuhlanzeka ingatholakala ukuze isetshenziswe kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene.