I-acetoneIngabe uketshezi olungenamibala, oluguqukayo olusetshenziswa kabanzi embonini kanye nempilo yansuku zonke. Kuluhlobo lomzimba we-ketone ngefomula ye-molecular c3h6o. I-Acetone iyinto evuthayo enendawo ebilayo engu-56.111°C kanye nephuzu lokuncibilika lika -94.99°C. Inephunga elinamandla elicasulayo futhi lishintshashintsha kakhulu. Kuyancibilika emanzini, ether, notshwala, kepha hhayi emanzini. Kuyinto esetshenziswayo eluhlaza embonini yamakhemikhali, engasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amakhompiyutha ahlukahlukene, futhi isetshenziswa futhi njenge-solvent, ihlanza, njll.

Yini izithako ze-acetone? Yize i-acetone iyingxenye yamakhemikhali emsulwa, inqubo yayo yokukhiqiza ifaka ukusabela okuningi. Ake sibheke ukwakheka kwe-acetone kusuka kwinqubo yayo yokukhiqiza.

Okokuqala, yiziphi izindlela zokwenza i-acetone? Kunezindlela eziningi zokukhiqiza i-acetone, phakathi kwayo okuvame kakhulu yi-oxidation ye-catalytic ye-propylene. Le nqubo isebenzisa umoya njenge-oxidant, futhi isebenzisa i-catalyst efanelekile ukuguqula i-propelene ibe i-acetone ne-hydrogen peroxide. I-equation yokuphendula imi kanje:

Ch3ch = CH2 + 3 / 2O2→Ch3coch3 + h2o2

I-Catalyst esetshenziswe kulokhu kusabela imvamisa i-oxis ye-titanium dioxide esekelwa kwisithwali se-inert enjengeγ-Al2O3. Lolu hlobo lwe-catalyst lunomsebenzi omuhle nokukhetha ukuguqulwa kwe-propylene to acetone. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izindlela zifaka ukukhiqizwa kwe-acedone yi-dehydrogenation ye-isopropanol, ukukhiqizwa kwe-acetone yi-hydrolysis ye-acrolein, njll.

Ngakho-ke yimaphi amakhemikhali enza i-acetone? Ehlelweni lokukhiqiza le-acetone, i-propylene isetshenziswa njengento eluhlaza, futhi umoya usetshenziswa njenge-oxidant. I-Catalyst esetshenziswe kule nqubo imvamisa i-titanium dioxide esekelwaγ-Al2O3. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze uthole i-acetone ebumsulwa ephezulu, ngemuva kokusabela, ukuhlukaniswa kanye nezinyathelo zokuhlanza okufana nokufakwa kabusha kanye nokulungiswa kabusha kuvame ukudinga ukususa okunye ukungcola komkhiqizo wokuphendula.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze uthole i-acetone ebumsulwa ephakeme, izinyathelo zokuhlanza kanye nokuhlanza okufana nokufakwa kabusha kanye nokulungiswa kabusha kuvame ukudinga ukususa okunye ukungcola komkhiqizo wokuphendula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze uvikele imvelo kanye nempilo yabantu, izindlela zokwelashwa ezifanele kufanele zithathwe kwinqubo yokukhiqiza ukuze zinciphise ukungcoliswa nokukhishwa.

Ngamafuphi, inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-acetone ifaka ukusabela nezinyathelo eziningi, kepha izinto eziphambili eziluhlaza kanye ne-oxidant ziyi-propelene nomoya ngokulandelana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, titanium dioxide esekelwaγ-Al2o3 kuvame ukusetshenziswa njenge-catalyst ukukhuthaza inqubo yokuphendula. Ekugcineni, ngemuva kwezinyathelo zokuhlanza kanye nokuhlanza okufana ne-distillation kanye nokulungiswa kabusha, i-acetone ephakeme kakhulu ingatholakala ukuze isetshenziswe kwizicelo ezahlukahlukene.