Igama Lomkhiqizo:i-polyurethane

Isakhiwo samangqamuzana omkhiqizo:

Izakhiwo Zekhemikhali:

I-Polyurethane (PU), igama eligcwele le-polyurethane, iyinhlanganisela ye-polymer.1937 ngu-Otto Bayer nokunye ukukhiqizwa kwalokhu kwaziswa.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu ze-polyurethane, uhlobo lwe-polyester nohlobo lwe-polyether.Angenziwa amapulasitiki e-polyurethane (ikakhulukazi igwebu), imicu ye-polyurethane (ebizwa ngokuthi i-spandex e-China), irabha ye-polyurethane nama-elastomers.
I-polyurethane eguquguqukayo ngokuyinhloko iyisakhiwo esiqondile esine-thermoplasticity, esinokuzinza okungcono, ukumelana namakhemikhali, ukuqina kanye nezakhiwo zemishini kunegwebu le-PVC, elinokuhlukahluka okuncane kokucindezela.Inokufakwa kahle kwe-thermal, i-sound insulation, ukumelana nokushaqeka, kanye nezakhiwo zokulwa nobuthi.Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa njengokupakisha, ukwahlukanisa umsindo nezinto zokuhlunga.Ipulasitiki ye-polyurethane eqinile ilula, ifaka umsindo, i-thermal insulation ephezulu, ukumelana namakhemikhali, izindawo ezinhle zikagesi, ukucutshungulwa kalula, nokumunca amanzi aphansi.Isetshenziswa kakhulu njengempahla yesakhiwo yokwakha, imoto, imboni yezindiza, ukufakwa kokushisa nokushisa okushisayo.Ukusebenza kwe-polyurethane elastomer phakathi kwepulasitiki nerabha, ukumelana nowoyela, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukumelana nokushisa okuphansi, ukumelana nokuguga, ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukunwebeka.Isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezicathulo kanye nemboni yezokwelapha.I-polyurethane nayo ingenziwa ibe yizinto zokunamathisela, okokunamathela, isikhumba sokwenziwa, njll.

Isicelo:

I-polyurethanes ingenye yezinto eziguquguqukayo kakhulu emhlabeni namuhla.Ukusetshenziswa kwabo okuningi kusuka kugwebu oluguquguqukayo kufenisha ekhuphukile, kuya kugwebu oluqinile njengokugqumisa ezindongeni, ophahleni nasezintweni zikagesi kuya ku-thermoplastic polyurethane esetshenziswa emishinini yezokwelapha nasezicathulweni, kuya ezingubo, okokunamathiswa, ama-sealant nama-elastomer asetshenziswa phansi nasezindaweni zangaphakathi zezimoto.Ama-polyurethanes aye asetshenziswa kakhulu phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amathathu edlule ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo ngenxa yokunethezeka kwawo, izinzuzo zezindleko, ukonga amandla kanye nokuzwakala kwemvelo okungaba khona.Yiziphi ezinye zezinto ezenza i-polyurethanes ithandeke kangaka?Ukuqina kwe-polyurethane kunomthelela omkhulu empilweni ende yemikhiqizo eminingi.Izandiso zomjikelezo wokuphila komkhiqizo nokongiwa kwensiza kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kwemvelo okuvame ukukhetha ukukhethwa kwama-polyurethanes[19-21].Ama-Polyurethanes (PUs) amele isigaba esibalulekile sama-polymers we-thermoplastic kanye ne-thermoset njengoba izakhiwo zawo zemishini, ezishisayo, namakhemikhali zingavunyelaniswa ukusabela kwama-polyols ahlukahlukene nama-poly-isocyanate.