Igama Lomkhiqizo:i-polyurethane

Isakhiwo samangqamuzana omkhiqizo:

Izakhiwo Zekhemikhali:

I-Polyurethane (PU), igama eligcwele le-polyurethane, iyinhlanganisela ye-polymer. 1937 ngu-Otto Bayer nokunye ukukhiqizwa kwalokhu kwaziswa. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu ze-polyurethane, uhlobo lwe-polyester nohlobo lwe-polyether. Angenziwa amapulasitiki e-polyurethane (ikakhulukazi igwebu), imicu ye-polyurethane (ebizwa ngokuthi i-spandex e-China), irabha ye-polyurethane nama-elastomers.
I-polyurethane eguquguqukayo ngokuyinhloko iyisakhiwo esiqondile esine-thermoplasticity, esinokuzinza okungcono, ukumelana namakhemikhali, ukuqina kanye nezakhiwo zemishini kunegwebu le-PVC, elinokuhlukahluka okuncane kokucindezelwa. Inokufakwa kahle kwe-thermal, i-sound insulation, ukumelana nokushaqeka, kanye nezakhiwo zokulwa nobuthi. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa njengokupakisha, ukwahlukanisa umsindo nezinto zokuhlunga. Ipulasitiki ye-polyurethane eqinile ilula, i-insulation yomsindo, i-thermal insulation ephezulu, ukumelana namakhemikhali, izakhiwo ezinhle zikagesi, ukucubungula kalula, nokumunca amanzi aphansi. Isetshenziswa kakhulu njengezinto zokwakha zokwakha, izimoto, imboni yezokundiza, ukufakwa kokushisa nokushisa okushisayo. Ukusebenza kwe-polyurethane elastomer phakathi kwepulasitiki nerabha, ukumelana nowoyela, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukumelana nokushisa okuphansi, ukumelana nokuguga, ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukunwebeka. Isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezicathulo kanye nemboni yezokwelapha. I-polyurethane nayo ingenziwa ibe yizinto zokunamathisela, okokunamathela, isikhumba sokwenziwa, njll.

Isicelo:

I-polyurethanes ingenye yezinto eziguquguqukayo kakhulu emhlabeni namuhla. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo okuningi kusuka kugwebu oluguquguqukayo kufenisha ekhuphukile, kuya kugwebu oluqinile njengokugqumisa ezindongeni, ophahleni nasezintweni zikagesi kuya ku-thermoplastic polyurethane esetshenziswa emishinini yezokwelapha nasezicathulweni, kuya ezingubo, okokunamathiswa, ama-sealant nama-elastomer asetshenziswa phansi nasezindaweni zangaphakathi zezimoto. Ama-polyurethanes aye asetshenziswa kakhulu phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amathathu edlule ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo ngenxa yokunethezeka kwawo, izinzuzo zezindleko, ukonga amandla kanye nokuzwakala kwemvelo okungaba khona. Yiziphi ezinye zezinto ezenza i-polyurethanes ithandeke kangaka? Ukuqina kwe-polyurethane kunomthelela omkhulu empilweni ende yemikhiqizo eminingi. Izandiso zomjikelezo wokuphila komkhiqizo nokongiwa kwensiza kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kwemvelo okuvame ukukhetha ukukhethwa kwama-polyurethanes[19-21]. Ama-Polyurethanes (PUs) amele isigaba esibalulekile sama-polymers we-thermoplastic kanye ne-thermoset njengoba izakhiwo zawo zemishini, ezishisayo, namakhemikhali zingavunyelaniswa ukusabela kwama-polyols ahlukahlukene nama-poly-isocyanate.