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Igama lomkhiqizo:Polyurethane

Isakhiwo samangqamuzana somkhiqizo:

Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali:

Ama-polyurethanes akhiqizwa okokuqala futhi aphenywa nguDkt Otto Bayer ngo-1937. I-Polyurethane iyi-polymer lapho iyunithi ephindaphindwayo iqukethe ukunengqondo kwe-urethenane. Ama-Urethanes asuselwa kuma-carbamic acid akhona ngesimo sama-esters abo kuphela [15]. Inzuzo enkulu ye-pu ukuthi i-chain ayihlanganisiwe ama-athomu ekhabhoni kodwa kune-heteroatoms, umoya-mpilo, ikhabhoni ne-nitrogen [4]. Okwezicelo zezimboni, kungasetshenziswa i-polyhydroxyll compact. Ngokufanayo, amakhompiyutha e-Nitrogen asebenza ngokuningiliziwe angasetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni kwama-Amide. Ngokushintsha nokushintshanisa ama-polyhydroxyl kanye ne-polyfunngaral nitrogen compounds, ama-pus ahlukile angahlelwa [15]. I-Polyester noma ama-polynee remins aqukethe amaqembu e-hydroxyl asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-polysetor polyther-pu, ngokulandelana [6]. Ukuhlukahluka ngenani lokufaka esikhundleni kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezikhala phakathi nangaphakathi kwamaketanga egatsha kukhiqiza ama-pus avela kulayini afakwe ama-branwar futhi angu-9. I-Linear pus isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwemicu nokubumba [6]. I-Plexible pus isetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwama-ejenti okubopha kanye nokugqoka [5]. I-Flexible futhi iqinile amapulasitiki anamahlamvu, akha iningi le-pus akhiqizwayo, angatholakala ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene embonini [7]. Kusetshenziswa ama-prepolymers aphansi ama-molecular, akhiqizwa ama-copolymers ahlukahlukene. Iqembu le-terminal Hydroxyl livumela ukushintshana kwamabhulokhi, okubizwa ngokuthi izingxenye, ukufakwa ku-pu chain. Ukuhluka kulezi zingxenye kuphumela ngamazinga ahlukahlukene ahlukahlukene amandla ashukumisayo kanye nokuqina. Amabhulokhi ahlinzeka ngesigaba se-Crystalline esiqinile futhi aqukethe i-Chain Extender kubhekiselwa kuzo njengezingxenye ezinzima [7]. Labo abavumela isigaba se-amorphoous sababisi futhi baqukethe i-polyester / polymeratere babizwa ngokuthi izingxenye ezithambile. Kwezentengiso, la ma-polymers abhulokazi ayaziwa ngokuthi yi-pus ehlukanisiwe

Isicelo:

Ama-polyurethanes angenye yezinto eziguquguqukayo emhlabeni namuhla. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo okuningi kusuka ku-Flexible Foam efenisha ephakeme, ukuqinisa igwebu njengokufakwa kwezindonga ezindongeni nasezindaweni zezinyawo, ukumboza ama-latastomers asetshenziswa ezitezi nasezithubeni zezimoto [17,18]. Ama-polyurethanes asetshenziswe ngokwengeziwe phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amathathu edlule ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yenduduzo yawo, izinzuzo zezindleko, ukonga amandla kanye nokuzwakala kwemvelo okungaba khona. Yiziphi ezinye zezici ezenza ama-polyurethanes afiseleka kangaka? Ukuqina kwe-polyurethane kufaka phakathi kakhulu esikhathini eside sokuphila kwemikhiqizo eminingi. Izandiso zomjikelezo wempilo yomkhiqizo kanye nokulondolozwa kwezinsizakusebenza kubalulekile ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kwemvelo okuvame ukubheka ukukhethwa kwama-polyurethanes [19-21]. Ama-polyurethanes (pus) amelela isigaba esibalulekile se-thermoplastic ne-thermoset polymers njengemishini yazo, eshisayo, nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali zingalinganiswa ngokusabela kwama-polyols ahlukahlukene kanye nama-poly-isocyanates.