Lesi sihloko sizohlaziya imikhiqizo eyinhloko ochungechungeni lwemboni yase-China ye-C3 kanye nesiqondiso samanje socwaningo nentuthuko yobuchwepheshe.

(1)Isimo Samanje Nemikhuba Yokuthuthukiswa Kwe-Polypropylene (PP) Technology

Ngokusho kophenyo lwethu, kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokukhiqiza i-polypropylene (PP) e-China, phakathi kwazo izinqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu zihlanganisa inqubo yepayipi yemvelo yasekhaya, inqubo ye-Unipol ye-Daoju Company, inqubo ye-Spheriol yeLyondellBasell Company, inqubo ye-Innovene ye-Ineos Company, inqubo ye-Novolen yeNordic Chemical Company, kanye nenqubo yeSpherizone yeLyondellBasell Company.Lezi zinqubo zamukelwa kabanzi ngamabhizinisi aseShayina PP.Lobu buchwepheshe bulawula kakhulu izinga lokuguqulwa kwe-propylene phakathi kwebanga elingu-1.01-1.02.

Inqubo yepayipi lendandatho yasekhaya yamukela i-catalyst ye-ZN ethuthukisiwe, okwamanje elawulwa ubuchwepheshe benqubo yepayipi lendandatho yesizukulwane sesibili.Le nqubo isekelwe kuma-catalysts athuthukiswe ngokuzimela, ubuchwepheshe be-electron donor asymmetric, kanye nobuchwepheshe be-propylene butadiene kanambambili obungahleliwe be-copolymerization, futhi ingakhiqiza i-homopolymerization, i-ethylene propylene copolymerization engahleliwe, i-propylene butadiene copolymerization engahleliwe, kanye nomthelela we-copolymerization PP.Isibonelo, izinkampani ezifana ne-Shanghai Petrochemical Third Line, i-Zhenhai Refining kanye ne-Chemical First and Second Lines, kanye ne-Maoming Second Line zonke ziyisebenzisile le nqubo.Ngokukhula kwezindawo ezintsha zokukhiqiza esikhathini esizayo, inqubo yamapayipi emvelo esizukulwane sesithathu kulindeleke ukuthi kancane kancane ibe inqubo yamapayipi asekhaya emvelo.

Inqubo ye-Unipol ingakwazi ukukhiqiza ama-homopolymers ngokwezimboni, ngesilinganiso sokuncibilika kokuncibilika (MFR) ububanzi obungu-0.5~100g/10min.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye enkulu ye-ethylene copolymer monomers kuma-copolymers angahleliwe ingafinyelela ku-5.5%.Le nqubo ingase futhi ikhiqize i-copolymer engahleliwe ethuthukisiwe ye-propylene kanye ne-1-butene (igama lokuhweba i-CE-FOR), enengxenye yesisindo senjoloba efika ku-14%.Ingxenye enkulu ye-ethylene ku-copolymer yomthelela ekhiqizwa inqubo ye-Unipol ingafinyelela ku-21% (ingxenye enkulu yenjoloba ingama-35%).Inqubo isetshenziswe ezikhungweni zamabhizinisi afana ne-Fushun Petrochemical kanye ne-Sichuan Petrochemical.

Inqubo ye-Innovene ingakhiqiza imikhiqizo ye-homopolymer ngenani elibanzi lokugeleza kokuncibilika (MFR), elingafinyelela ku-0.5-100g/10min.Ukuqina komkhiqizo wayo kuphakeme kunokwezinye izinqubo ze-gas-phase polymerization.I-MFR yemikhiqizo ye-copolymer engahleliwe ingu-2-35g/10min, enengxenye enkulu ye-ethylene esukela ku-7% kuya ku-8%.I-MFR yemikhiqizo ye-copolymer engazweli nomthelela ingu-1-35g/10min, nengxenye enkulu ye-ethylene esukela ku-5% ukuya ku-17%.

Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obujwayelekile be-PP e-China buvuthwe kakhulu.Ukuthatha amabhizinisi e-polypropylene asekelwe kuwoyela njengesibonelo, awukho umehluko omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni kweyunithi yokukhiqiza, izindleko zokucubungula, inzuzo, njll. phakathi kwebhizinisi ngalinye.Ngokombono wezigaba zokukhiqiza ezimbozwe izinqubo ezahlukene, izinqubo ezijwayelekile zingafaka sonke isigaba somkhiqizo.Kodwa-ke, uma kucatshangelwa izigaba zangempela zokuphumayo zamabhizinisi akhona, kunomehluko omkhulu emikhiqizweni ye-PP phakathi kwamabhizinisi ahlukene ngenxa yezinto ezifana nezwe, izithiyo zobuchwepheshe, nezinto zokusetshenziswa.

(2)Isimo samanje namathrendi okuthuthuka kwe-Acrylic Acid Technology

I-Acrylic acid iyinto ebalulekile yamakhemikhali ephilayo esetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni izinto zokunamathisela kanye nezingubo ezincibilika emanzini, futhi ibuye icutshungulwe ibe yi-butyl acrylate neminye imikhiqizo.Ngokocwaningo, kunezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokukhiqiza i-acrylic acid, okuhlanganisa indlela ye-chloroethanol, indlela ye-cyanoethanol, indlela ye-Reppe ephezulu yokucindezela, indlela ye-enone, indlela ye-Reppe ethuthukisiwe, indlela ye-formaldehyde ethanol, indlela ye-acrylonitrile hydrolysis, indlela ye-ethylene, indlela ye-propylene oxidation, kanye ne-biological. indlela.Nakuba kunamasu ahlukahlukene okulungiselela i-acrylic acid, futhi iningi lawo lisetshenziswe embonini, inqubo yokukhiqiza evame kakhulu emhlabeni wonke kuseyi-oxidation eqondile ye-propylene kunqubo ye-acrylic acid.

Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokukhiqiza i-acrylic acid nge-propylene oxidation ikakhulukazi zifaka umhwamuko wamanzi, umoya, ne-propylene.Phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza, laba abathathu babhekana nokusabela kwe-oxidation ngombhede we-catalyst ngengxenye ethile.I-Propylene iqala i-oxidized ibe i-acrolein ku-reactor yokuqala, bese iqhubeka i-oxidized ibe i-acrylic acid kwi-reactor yesibili.Umhwamuko wamanzi udlala indima yokuhlanjululwa kule nqubo, ugwema ukwenzeka kokuqhuma futhi ucindezela ukukhiqizwa kokusabela okuseceleni.Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kokukhiqiza i-acrylic acid, le nqubo yokusabela iphinde ikhiqize i-acetic acid nama-carbon oxides ngenxa yokusabela ohlangothini.

Ngokophenyo lukaPingtou Ge, ukhiye wobuchwepheshe benqubo ye-acrylic acid oxidation usekukhethweni kwama-catalyst.Njengamanje, izinkampani ezingahlinzeka ngobuchwepheshe be-acrylic acid ngokusebenzisa i-propylene oxidation zifaka i-Sohio yase-United States, i-Japan Catalyst Chemical Company, i-Mitsubishi Chemical Company e-Japan, i-BASF eJalimane, ne-Japan Chemical Technology.

Inqubo ye-Sohio e-United States iyinqubo ebalulekile yokukhiqiza i-acrylic acid ngokusebenzisa i-propylene oxidation, ebonakala ngokwethula kanyekanye i-propylene, umoya, nomhwamuko wamanzi ochungechungeni olubili oluxhunywe ama-reactors ombhede ongashintshi, nokusebenzisa i-Mo Bi ne-Mo-V enezingxenye eziningi zensimbi. ama-oxide njengama-catalyst, ngokulandelana.Ngaphansi kwale ndlela, isivuno sendlela eyodwa ye-acrylic acid singafinyelela cishe ku-80% (isilinganiso se-molar).Inzuzo yendlela ye-Sohio ukuthi ama-reactor amabili ochungechunge angandisa isikhathi sokuphila se-catalyst, sifinyelele eminyakeni emi-2.Kodwa-ke, le ndlela inesimo esibi sokuthi i-propylene engaphenduliwe ayikwazi ukutholwa.

Indlela ye-BASF: Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960, i-BASF ibilokhu yenza ucwaningo ngokukhiqizwa kwe-acrylic acid ngokusebenzisa i-propylene oxidation.Indlela ye-BASF isebenzisa i-Mo Bi noma i-Mo Co catalysts yokusabela kwe-propylene oxidation, futhi isivuno sendlela eyodwa ye-acrolein etholakalayo singafinyelela cishe ku-80% (i-molar ratio).Kamuva, kusetshenziswa ama-catalyst asekelwe e-Mo, W, V, kanye ne-Fe, i-acrolein yaphinde yafakwa i-acrylic acid, nesivuno esiphezulu sendlela eyodwa esingaba ngu-90% (isilinganiso se-molar).Impilo ye-catalyst yendlela ye-BASF ingafinyelela eminyakeni emi-4 futhi inqubo ilula.Kodwa-ke, le ndlela inezihibe njengendawo yokubilisa ye-solvent ephezulu, ukuhlanzwa kwemishini njalo, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwamandla.

Indlela ye-Japanese catalyst: Ama-reactor amabili agxilile ochungechungeni kanye nesistimu yokuhlukanisa imibhoshongo eyisikhombisa efanayo nayo iyasetshenziswa.Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukufaka i-elementi Co ku-catalyst ye-Mo Bi njenge-catalyst yokusabela, bese usebenzisa ama-oxide ensimbi ayinhlanganisela ye-Mo, V, ne-Cu njengama-catalyst amakhulu kureactor yesibili, esekelwa i-silica ne-lead monoxide.Ngaphansi kwale nqubo, isivuno sendlela eyodwa ye-acrylic acid silinganiselwa ku-83-86% (isilinganiso se-molar).Indlela ye-catalyst yase-Japanese isebenzisa i-reactor eyodwa eyisitaki egxilile yombhede kanye nesistimu yokuhlukanisa enemibhoshongo engu-7, enama-catalyst athuthukisiwe, isivuno esiphezulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi.Le ndlela okwamanje ingenye yezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezithuthuke kakhulu, ngokuhambisana nenqubo yeMitsubishi yaseJapan.

(3)Isimo samanje namathrendi okuthuthuka kwe-Butyl Acrylate Technology

I-Butyl acrylate iwuketshezi olungenambala olubonisa ngale futhi olungancibiliki emanzini futhi lungaxutshwa ne-ethanol ne-ether.Le nhlanganisela idinga ukugcinwa endaweni yokugcina impahla epholile futhi enomoya.I-Acrylic acid nama-esters ayo asetshenziswa kabanzi embonini.Azisetshenziselwa kuphela ukukhiqiza ama-monomer athambile we-acrylate solvent based and lotion based adhesives, kodwa futhi zingaba i-homopolymerized, i-copolymerized kanye ne-graft copolymerized ukuze zibe ama-polymer monomers futhi zisetshenziswe njenge-organic synthesis intermediates.

Njengamanje, inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwe-butyl acrylate ikakhulukazi ihilela ukusabela kwe-acrylic acid ne-butanol phambi kwe-toluene sulfonic acid ukukhiqiza i-butyl acrylate namanzi.Ukusabela kwe-esterification okuhilelekile kule nqubo ukusabela okujwayelekile okubuyisela emuva, futhi amaphuzu abilayo e-acrylic acid kanye nomkhiqizo we-butyl acrylate asondelene kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukuhlukanisa i-acrylic acid usebenzisa i-distillation, futhi i-acrylic acid engaphenduliwe ayikwazi ukuphinda isetshenziswe.

Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi indlela ye-butyl acrylate esterification, ikakhulukazi evela ku-Jilin Petrochemical Engineering Research Institute nezinye izikhungo ezihlobene.Lobu buchwepheshe sebuvele buvuthwe kakhulu, futhi ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kweyunithi ye-acrylic acid ne-n-butanol kunembe kakhulu, ekwazi ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kweyunithi ngaphakathi kwe-0.6.Ngaphezu kwalokho, lobu buchwepheshe sebuvele buzuze ukubambisana nokudlulisa.

(4)Isimo samanje namathrendi okuthuthuka kwe-CPP Technology

Ifilimu ye-CPP yenziwe nge-polypropylene njengeyona nto eluhlaza ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezithile zokucubungula ezifana ne-T-shaped die extrusion casting.Le filimu inokumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu futhi, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokupholisa ngokushesha, ingakha ukushelela okuhle nokungafihli lutho.Ngakho-ke, ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zokupakisha ezidinga ukucaciswa okuphezulu, ifilimu ye-CPP iyinto ekhethwayo.Ukusetshenziswa okusakazeke kakhulu kwefilimu ye-CPP kusekufakweni kokudla, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium coating, ukupakishwa kwemithi, nokugcinwa kwezithelo nemifino.

Njengamanje, inqubo yokukhiqiza amafilimu e-CPP ikakhulukazi i-co extrusion casting.Le nqubo yokukhiqiza iqukethe ama-extruder amaningi, abasabalalisi beziteshi eziningi (esivame ukwaziwa ngokuthi “iziphakeli”), amakhanda okufa amise okwe-T, amasistimu okusakaza, amasistimu okudonsa avundlile, ama-oscillator, namasistimu wokusonta.Izici eziyinhloko zale nqubo yokukhiqiza ukucwebezela okuhle kwendawo, ukucaba okuphezulu, ukubekezelela ukushuba okuncane, ukusebenza kahle komshini wokunweba, ukuguquguquka okuhle, kanye nokungafihli kahle kwemikhiqizo yefilimu emincane ekhiqiziwe.Abakhiqizi abaningi bomhlaba wonke be-CPP basebenzisa indlela yokusakaza ye-co extrusion ukuze bakhiqize, futhi ubuchwepheshe bemishini buvuthiwe.

Kusukela maphakathi nawo-1980, i-China isiqalile ukwethula imishini yokukhiqiza ifilimu yangaphandle, kodwa iningi lazo liyizakhiwo ezinongqimba olulodwa futhi liyingxenye yesiteji sokuqala.Ngemuva kokungena ngeminyaka yawo-1990, iChina yethula imigqa yokukhiqiza amafilimu enezingqimba eziningi ze-polymer evela emazweni afana neJalimane, iJapan, i-Italy, ne-Austria.Le mishini kanye nobuchwepheshe obungenisiwe bunamandla amakhulu embonini yamafilimu aseShayina.Abahlinzeki bemishini abakhulu bahlanganisa i-Bruckner yaseJalimane, i-Bartenfield, i-Leifenhauer, ne-Orchid yase-Austria.Kusukela ngo-2000, i-China yethule imigqa yokukhiqiza ethuthuke kakhulu, futhi imishini ekhiqizwa ekhaya nayo ithuthuke ngokushesha.

Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga elithuthukisiwe lamazwe ngamazwe, kusekhona igebe elithile ezingeni le-automation, isistimu yokulawula isisindo, ukuqina kwefilimu yokulawula ukulungiswa kwekhanda lokufa okuzenzakalelayo, uhlelo lokubuyisela impahla enqenqemeni lwe-inthanethi, kanye nokujika okuzenzakalelayo kwemishini yefilimu yokusakazwa kwasekhaya.Okwamanje, abahlinzeki abakhulu bemishini yobuchwepheshe befilimu ye-CPP bahlanganisa iBruckner yaseJalimane, iLeifenhauser, neLanzin yase-Austria, phakathi kwabanye.Laba bahlinzeki bangaphandle banezinzuzo ezibalulekile mayelana ne-automation nezinye izici.Kodwa-ke, inqubo yamanje isivele ivuthiwe, futhi isivinini sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bemishini sihamba kancane, futhi empeleni awukho umkhawulo wokubambisana.

(5)Isimo Samanje kanye Nemikhuba Yokuthuthukisa ye-Acrylonitrile Technology

Ubuchwepheshe be-propylene ammonia oxidation okwamanje buyindlela eyinhloko yokukhiqiza ezentengiselwano ye-acrylonitrile, futhi cishe bonke abakhiqizi be-acrylonitrile basebenzisa ama-catalyst e-BP (SOHIO).Nokho, kukhona nabanye abahlinzeki be-catalyst abaningi ongakhetha kubo, njenge-Mitsubishi Rayon (owayekade eyi-Nitto) no-Asahi Kasei wase-Japan, i-Ascend Performance Material (eyayiyi-Solutia) yase-United States, kanye ne-Sinopec.

Izitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-95% ze-acrylonitrile emhlabeni wonke zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-propylene ammonia oxidation (owaziwa nangokuthi inqubo ye-sohio) eyasungulwa futhi yathuthukiswa yi-BP.Lobu buchwepheshe busebenzisa i-propylene, i-ammonia, umoya, namanzi njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, futhi bungena ku-reactor ngengxenye ethile.Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-phosphorus molybdenum bismuth noma i-antimony iron catalysts esekelwe kujeli ye-silica, i-acrylonitrile ikhiqizwa ekushiseni kwama-400-500.℃kanye nomfutho womkhathi.Khona-ke, ngemva kochungechunge lwe-neutralization, ukumuncwa, ukukhishwa, i-dehydrocyanation, nezinyathelo ze-distillation, umkhiqizo wokugcina we-acrylonitrile utholakala.Isivuno sendlela eyodwa yale ndlela singafinyelela ku-75%, futhi imikhiqizo ephumayo ihlanganisa i-acetonitrile, i-hydrogen cyanide, ne-ammonium sulfate.Le ndlela inenani eliphakeme kakhulu lokukhiqizwa kwezimboni.

Kusukela ngo-1984, i-Sinopec isayine isivumelwano sesikhathi eside ne-INEOS futhi igunyazwe ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-INEOS obunelungelo lobunikazi be-acrylonitrile e-China.Ngemva kweminyaka yokuthuthukiswa, iSinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Research Institute ithuthukise ngempumelelo umzila wezobuchwepheshe we-propylene ammonia oxidation ukukhiqiza i-acrylonitrile, futhi yakha isigaba sesibili sephrojekthi ye-Sinopec Anqing Branch's 130000 ton acrylonitrile.Le phrojekthi yaqala ukusebenza ngempumelelo ngoJanuwari 2014, ikhulisa umthamo wonyaka wokukhiqiza we-acrylonitrile ukusuka kumathani ayi-80000 kuya kumathani ayi-210000, yaba yingxenye ebalulekile yesisekelo sokukhiqiza i-acrylonitrile ye-Sinopec.

Njengamanje, izinkampani emhlabeni wonke ezinamalungelo obunikazi obuchwepheshe be-propylene ammonia oxidation zifaka i-BP, i-DuPont, i-Ineos, i-Asahi Chemical, ne-Sinopec.Le nqubo yokukhiqiza ikhulile futhi kulula ukuyithola, futhi i-China nayo izuze ukwenziwa kwasendaweni kwalobu buchwepheshe, futhi ukusebenza kwayo akukhona okungaphansi kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bangaphandle.

(6)Isimo Samanje kanye Nezitayela Zokuthuthuka ze-ABS Technology

Ngokophenyo, umzila wenqubo wedivayisi ye-ABS uhlukaniswe ikakhulukazi indlela yokuxhunyelelwa nge-lotion kanye nendlela yenqwaba eqhubekayo.I-ABS resin yasungulwa ngokusekelwe ekuguqulweni kwe-polystyrene resin.Ngo-1947, inkampani yenjoloba yaseMelika yamukela inqubo yokuhlanganisa ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni ze-ABS resin;Ngo-1954, Inkampani ye-BORG-WAMER e-United States yasungula i-lotion graft polymerized ABS resin futhi yaqaphela ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni.Ukubonakala kokuxhunyelelwa kwe-lotion kwakhuthaza ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni ye-ABS.Kusukela ngawo-1970, ubuchwepheshe benqubo yokukhiqiza ye-ABS bungene esikhathini sokuthuthuka okukhulu.

Indlela yokuxhunyelelwa nge-lotion iyinqubo yokukhiqiza ethuthukisiwe, ehlanganisa izinyathelo ezine: ukuhlanganiswa kwe-butadiene latex, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-graft polymer, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-styrene ne-acrylonitrile polymers, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kokwelashwa ngemva kokwelashwa.Ukugeleza kwenqubo ethile kuhlanganisa iyunithi ye-PBL, iyunithi yokuxhunyelelwa, iyunithi ye-SAN, kanye neyunithi yokuhlanganisa.Le nqubo yokukhiqiza inezinga eliphezulu lokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe futhi isetshenziswe kabanzi emhlabeni wonke.

Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe be-ABS obuvuthiwe buvela ikakhulukazi ezinkampanini ezifana ne-LG eSouth Korea, i-JSR yase-Japan, i-Dow yase-United States, i-New Lake Oil Chemical Co., Ltd. e-South Korea, ne-Kellogg Technology e-United States, zonke ezinezinga eliphezulu lomhlaba jikelele lokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe.Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-ABS nayo ithuthuka njalo futhi ithuthuka.Ngokuzayo, izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ezingayingeni imvelo, nezonga amandla zingase zivele, zilethe amathuba amaningi nezinselele ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yamakhemikhali.

(7)Isimo sobuchwepheshe nokuthuthuka kwethrendi ye-n-butanol

Ngokubona, ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bokuhlanganiswa kwe-butanol ne-octanol emhlabeni wonke kuyinqubo ye-liquid-phase cyclic low-pressure carbonyl synthesis.Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko zale nqubo yi-propylene ne-synthesis gas.Phakathi kwazo, i-propylene ikakhulukazi ivela ekuzihlinzekeni okuhlanganisiwe, nokusetshenziswa kweyunithi ye-propylene phakathi kwamathani angu-0.6 no-0.62.Igesi yokwenziwa ilungiswa kakhulu ngegesi yokukhipha umoya noma igesi yokwenziwa yamalahle, esebenzisa iyunithi phakathi kuka-700 no-720 cubic metres.

Ubuchwepheshe obunomfutho ophansi we-carbonyl synthesis owenziwe yi-Dow/David - inqubo yokujikeleza kwesigaba se-liquid inezinzuzo ezifana nezinga eliphezulu lokuguqulwa kwe-propylene, impilo ende yesevisi ye-catalyst, kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwemfucuza emithathu.Le nqubo okwamanje iwubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuphambili kakhulu futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu emabhizinisini ase-Chinese butanol kanye ne-octanol.

Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-Dow/David sebuvuthiwe futhi bungasetshenziswa ngokubambisana namabhizinisi asekhaya, amabhizinisi amaningi azobeka phambili lobu buchwepheshe lapho ekhetha ukutshala imali ekwakhiweni kwamayunithi e-butanol octanol, kulandelwa ubuchwepheshe basekhaya.

(8)Isimo Samanje kanye Nezitayela Zokuthuthuka ze-Polyacrylonitrile Technology

I-Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) itholakala ngokusebenzisa i-polymerization yamahhala ye-acrylonitrile futhi iyisiphakathi esibalulekile ekulungiseleleni ama-acrylonitrile fibers (ama-acrylic fibers) kanye ne-polyacrylonitrile based carbon fibers.Ivela ngendlela emhlophe noma ephuzi kancane ye-opaque powder, enezinga lokushisa lengilazi elishintshayo elingaba ngu-90℃.Ingancibilika kuzincibilikisi ze-polar organic ezifana ne-dimethylformamide (DMF) ne-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), kanye nasezixazululweni ezinamanzi ezigxilile zosawoti we-inorganic njenge-thiocyanate ne-perchlorate.Ukulungiswa kwe-polyacrylonitrile ikakhulukazi kuhilela i-polymerization yesixazululo noma i-aqueous precipitation polymerization ye-acrylonitrile (AN) ene-non-ionic second monomers kanye ne-ionic third monomers.

I-Polyacrylonitrile isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza imicu ye-acrylic, eyimicu yokwenziwa eyenziwe ngama-acrylonitrile copolymers anephesenti elikhulu elingaphezu kuka-85%.Ngokusho kwe-solvents esetshenziselwa inqubo yokukhiqiza, ingahlukaniswa njenge-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), i-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), i-sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN), ne-dimethyl formamide (DMF).Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwama-solvents ahlukahlukene ukuncibilika kwawo ku-polyacrylonitrile, engenawo umthelela obalulekile kunqubo ethile yokukhiqiza i-polymerization.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwama-comonomer ahlukene, angahlukaniswa abe i-itaconic acid (IA), i-methyl acrylate (MA), i-acrylamide (AM), ne-methyl methacrylate (MMA), njll. Ama-co monomers ahlukene anemiphumela ehlukene ku-kinetics kanye izakhiwo zomkhiqizo wokusabela kwe-polymerization.

Inqubo yokuhlanganisa ingaba yisinyathelo esisodwa noma ezimbili.Indlela yesinyathelo esisodwa ibhekisela ku-polymerization ye-acrylonitrile nama-comonomers esimweni sesixazululo ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi imikhiqizo ingalungiswa ngokuqondile ibe yisisombululo sokuphotha ngaphandle kokuhlukana.Umthetho wezinyathelo ezimbili ubhekisela ekumisweni kwe-polymerization ye-acrylonitrile nama-comonomers emanzini ukuze kutholwe i-polymer, ehlukanisiwe, igezwe, iphelelwe amanzi, nezinye izinyathelo zokwenza isisombululo sokuphotha.Njengamanje, inqubo yokukhiqiza yomhlaba wonke ye-polyacrylonitrile iyafana ngokuyisisekelo, inomehluko wezindlela ze-polymerization ezansi nomfula kanye nama-co monomers.Njengamanje, imicu eminingi ye-polyacrylonitrile emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke yenziwe ngama-ternary copolymers, i-acrylonitrile ibalwa ngo-90% kanye nokwengezwa kwe-monomer yesibili esukela ku-5% kuya ku-8%.Inhloso yokwengeza i-monomer yesibili ukuthuthukisa amandla emishini, ukunwebeka, nokuthungwa kwemicu, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokudaya.Izindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa zihlanganisa i-MMA, MA, i-vinyl acetate, njll. Inani elingeziwe le-monomer yesithathu ngu-0.3% -2%, ngenhloso yokwethula inani elithile lamaqembu odayi we-hydrophilic ukuze kwandiswe ukuhlobana kwemicu enamadayi, okuyiwo. ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu odayi we-cationic namaqembu odayi we-acidic.

Njengamanje, iJapane ingummeleli oyinhloko wenqubo yomhlaba wonke ye-polyacrylonitrile, elandelwa amazwe afana neJalimane ne-United States.Amabhizinisi abamele ahlanganisa i-Zoltek, i-Hexcel, i-Cytec ne-Aldila yase-Japan, i-Dongbang, i-Mitsubishi ne-United States, i-SGL yase-Germany kanye ne-Formosa Plastics Group yase-Taiwan, e-China, e-China.Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe benqubo yokukhiqiza yomhlaba wonke ye-polyacrylonitrile sebuvuthiwe, futhi asikho isikhala esiningi sokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo.