Lo mbhalo uzohlaziya imikhiqizo esemqoka eChina's C3 Child Chain kanye nocwaningo lwamanje kanye nokuqondiswa kwentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe.

(1)Isimo samanje kanye nentuthuko yentuthuko ye-polypropylene (PP) ubuchwepheshe

Ngokokuphenywa kwethu, kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza i-polypropylene (PP) eChina, phakathi kwazo izinqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu zePipe, inqubo ye-phropheol yenkampani ye-NOOMBUSELL, Inqubo ENOVENE yenkampani yamakhemikhali yaseNordic, nenqubo ye-sprizone yeLondellbasell Company. Lezi zinqubo zitholwa kabanzi amabhizinisi e-Chinese PP. Ubuchwepheshe bobuwula kakhulu ukuguqulwa kwezinga lokuguqulwa kwe-propelene ngaphakathi kwebanga le-1.01-1.02.

Inqubo yasekhaya yasekhaya yendandatho yamukela i-zn ethuthukiswe ngokuzimele ye-ZN Catalyst, eyayiphethwe njengamanje ubuchwepheshe bezinqubo zesizukulwane sesibili sendandatho. Le nqubo isuselwa kuma-catalysts athuthukiswe ngokuzimele, ubuchwepheshe be-asymmetric aclectron Donor Technology, futhi bungakhiqiza i-homopolymerioning, i-ethylene propylene okungahleliwe i-copolymerization, kanye ne-propeneene ye-copolymerization pp. Isibonelo, izinkampani ezinjengomugqa wesithathu weShanghai Petrochemical, Zhenhai Reviling kanye nemigqa yokuqala kanye yesibili, futhi umugqa wesibili we-maoming asebenzise le nqubo. Ngokukhuphuka kwezindawo ezintsha zokukhiqiza ngokuzayo, kulindeleke ukuthi inqubo yepayipi yemvelo yesithathu kulindeleke ibe yinqubo evelele yasekhaya yezemvelo.

Inqubo ye-Unipool ingakhiqiza ngokungenisa ama-homopolyymers, nge-Meel Flow Rate (MFR) uhla lwe-0.5 ~ 100g / 10min. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye enkulu ye-Ethylene Copolymer Monomer kuma-copolymers angahleliwe angafinyelela ku-5.5%. Le nqubo nayo ingakhiqiza i-copolymer engahleliwe eyenziwe ngezimboni ye-propelene ne-1-butene (igama lokuhweba (igama lokuhweba le-ce-for), elinengxenye enkulu yerabha elifinyelela ku-14%. Ingxenyana enkulu ye-Ethylene emthonjeni we-copolymer okhiqizwa yinqubo ye-Unipol ingafinyelela kuma-21% (ingxenye enkulu yenjoloba i-35%). Inqubo isetshenzisiwe ezikhungweni zamabhizinisi afana ne-Fushun Petrochemical kanye neSichuan Petrochemical.

Inqubo yokungenisa ingakhiqiza imikhiqizo ye-homopolymer enobubanzi bezinga le-Melt Flow Rate (MFR), engafinyelela ku-0.5-100g / 10min. Ukuqina kwalo komkhiqizo kuphakeme kunalokho kwezinye izinqubo ze-polymerization. I-MFR yemikhiqizo engahleliwe ye-Copolymer iyi-2-35g / 10min, enengxenye enkulu ye-ethylene esukela ngo-7% kuya ku-8%. I-MFR yemikhiqizo yokumelana nomthelela we-copolymer i-1-35g / 10min, ngengxenye enkulu ye-ethylene esukela ku-5% kuya ku-17%.

Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza okujwayelekile kwe-PP eChina buvuthiwe kakhulu. Ukuthatha amabhizinisi e-polypropylene asuselwa ku-polypropylene wesibonelo, akukho mehluko obalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kweyunithi yokukhiqiza, izindleko zokucubungula, inzuzo, njll. Phakathi kwebhizinisi ngalinye. Ngokombono wezigaba zokukhiqiza ezimbozwe izinqubo ezahlukahlukene, izinqubo ezijwayelekile zingamboza yonke isigaba somkhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, uma ucubungula izigaba zangempela zokukhipha zamabhizinisi akhona, kunomehluko obalulekile emikhiqizweni ye-PP phakathi kwamabhizinisi ahlukene ngenxa yezinto ezinjenge-geography, izithiyo zezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa.

(2)Isimo samanje kanye nezitayela zentuthuko zobuchwepheshe be-acrylic acid

I-acrylic acid iyinto ebalulekile esetshenziswayo yamakhemikhali yamakhemikhali asetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezikhangiso kanye nezigqoko ezincibilikisiwe amanzi, futhi zivame ukucutshungulwa zibe yi-butty acrylate neminye imikhiqizo. Ngokusho kocwaningo, kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza ze-acrylic acid, okubandakanya indlela ye-chlorothanol, indlela ye-reppe ye-high-presued, indlela ye-reppehyde, indlela ye-ethylene oxidation, kanye nemvelo indlela. Yize kunamasu ahlukahlukene wokulungiselela i-acrylic acid, futhi iningi lawo lisetshenzisiwe embonini, inqubo ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhiqiza emhlabeni jikelele kuseyi-oximation eqondile yenqubo ye-acrylic acid.

Izinto ezivuthiwe zokukhiqiza i-acrylic acid nge-oxidation ye-propelene ikakhulukazi zifaka umphunga wamanzi, umoya kanye ne-propylene. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, lezi zinto ezintathu ezibhekene ne-oxidation ngombhede we-catalyst ngendlela ethile. I-PhyLyene ifakwe okokuqala ku-acolein ku-real reactor yokuqala, bese iqhubeka isebenza nge-acrylic acid ku-real reactor yesibili. Umphunga wamanzi udlala indima ye-dilution kule nqubo, ugweme ukuvela kokuqhuma futhi ucindezele isizukulwane sokuphendula eseceleni. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kokukhiqiza i-acrylic acid, le nqubo yokusabela futhi ikhiqiza i-acetic acid kanye ne-carbon oxides ngenxa yokusabela okuseceleni.

Ngokusho kophenyo lwePingtou GE, ukhiye wezobuchwepheshe bezinqubo ze-acrylic acid oxidation inqubo bukhona ekukhetheni ama-catalysts. Njengamanje, izinkampani ezinganikeza ubuchwepheshe be-acrylic acid nge-sohio e-Shohio e-United States, inkampani yamakhemikhali yaseJapan Catalyst, inkampani yamakhemikhali yaseMpumalanga eJalimane, e-Base Chemical Technology.

Inqubo ye-Sohio e-United States iyinqubo ebalulekile yokukhiqiza i-acrylic acid nge-propelene oxidation, ebonakaliswa ngokungenisa i-propelene, umoya, kanye namanzi amabili ku-MULD CEPED oxides njengama-catalysts, ngokulandelana. Ngaphansi kwale ndlela, isivuno esisodwa se-acrylic acid singafinyelela cishe ku-80% (isilinganiso se-molar). Inzuzo yendlela ye-sohio ukuthi ama-reactors amabili we-Series angakhuphula isikhathi sokuphila kwe-catalyst, afike eminyakeni emi-2. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela inokungabi nabika okungekho ophamekile ngeke kutholakale.

Indlela ye-BASF: Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960, i-BASF ibilokhu icwaninga ngokukhiqizwa kwe-acrylic acid ngokusebenzisa oxidation ye-propylene oxidation. Indlela ye-BISF isebenzisa i-MO BI noma i-MO CATALYSTS yokuphendula oxylene oxidation reaction, kanye nendlela eyodwa ye-Acrolein etholakele ingafinyelela cishe ku-80% (isilinganiso se-molar). Kamuva, kusetshenziswa ama-catalysts we-MO, W, v, kanye ne-FE esekelwe ku-Catalysts, i-Acrolein yaqhubeka nokusebenza nge-acrylic acid, ngesivuno esiphezulu esilinganiselwe esingama-90% (isilinganiso se-molar). Impilo ye-catalyst yendlela ye-BASF ingafinyelela eminyakeni engu-4 futhi inqubo ilula. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela inezingqinamba ezifana ne-solvent ephezulu ye-solvent ebilayo, ukuhlanza kwamathuluzi okujwayelekile, nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu okuphezulu.

Indlela yesiJapan Catalyst: ama-reactors amabili ahleliwe ochungechungeni kanye nohlelo oluhambisanayo lwe-7 Isinyathelo sokuqala ukungenelela i-Element Co ku-MO CATALYST njengoba ukusabela kwe-Catcyst, bese usebenzisa i-MO, V, kanye ne-CU composite yensimbi Ngaphansi kwale nqubo, isivuno esisodwa se-acrylic acid cishe ama-83-86% (isilinganiso se-molar). Indlela ye-catalyst yaseJapan yamukela i-Expered Bed Reader Reactor kanye nohlelo oluphambili lwe-7-tower, olunama-catalysts athuthukile, isivuno esiphakeme kakhulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi. Le ndlela okwamanje enye yezinqubo ezithuthukile zokukhiqiza, kwinqubo ye-MITSUBISHI eJapan.

(3)Isimo samanje kanye nezitayela zentuthuko ze-Butyl acrylate technology

I-Butyl acrylate iwuketshezi olungenamibala olungabonakali emanzini futhi lungahlanganiswa ne-ethanol ne-ether. Le nhlanganisela idinga ukugcinwa endaweni yokugcina izinto epholile futhi emonsayo. I-acrylic acid nama-esters ayo asetshenziswa kabanzi embonini. Akasetshenziselwa kuphela ukukhiqiza amamomoli athambile we-acrylate solvent esekwe kanye nokunamathela okususelwa ku-lotion, kepha futhi kungaba yi-homopolymerized, iphoyisa kanye nokuxhunyelelwa kwe-compasmerized ukuze abe ama-polymer monomes futhi asetshenziswa njenge-organic synthesis phakathi kwe-ardlic.

Njengamanje, inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-BETYL ACRYLATE ikakhulukazi ifaka ukusabela kwe-acrylic acid ne-buthanol phambi kwe-tolune sulfonic acid ukukhiqiza i-buty acrylate namanzi. Ukusabela kokuhlosile okubandakanya kule nqubo ukusabela okujwayelekile okuguqukayo, namaphoyinti abilayo we-acrylic acid kanye nomkhiqizo we-buty acrylate asondele kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukuhlukanisa i-acrylic acid usebenzisa i-distillation, futhi i-acrylic acid ye-acryctectecttectecttectectect ayikwazi ukuphindwaphindwa.

Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-Butyl Acrlate Indlela yokusiza, ikakhulukazi kusuka ku-Jilin Petrochemical Engineering Institute kanye nezinye izikhungo ezihlobene. Lobu buchwepheshe buvele buvuthiwe kakhulu, futhi ukuphathwa kokusetshenziswa kweyunithi ye-acrylic acid ne-n-Butanol kunembile kakhulu, uyakwazi ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kweyunithi kungakapheli u-0.6. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lobu buchwepheshe buvele bufeze ukubambisana nokudluliswa.

(4)Isimo samanje kanye nezitayela zentuthuko zobuchwepheshe be-CPP

Ifilimu le-CPP lenziwa nge-polypropylene njengezinto eziphambili eziluhlaza ngezindlela ezithile zokucubungula ezinjengokuphonswa kwe-T-enziwe ngokuduma. Le filimu inokumelana kahle nokushisa okuhle kakhulu futhi, ngenxa yezindawo zayo zokupholisa ezingokwemvelo, ingakha ubushelelezi obuhle nokusobala. Ngakho-ke, ngokufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukucaciselwa okuphezulu, ifilimu ye-CPP yizinto ezikhethiwe. Ukusetshenziswa okusakazeke kakhulu kwefilimu ye-CPP kukupakisha yokudla, kanye nasekukhiqizweni kwe-aluminium coating, ukufakwa kwemithi, kanye nokulondolozwa kwezithelo nemifino.

Njengamanje, inqubo yokukhiqiza yamafilimu e-CPP ikakhulukazi axoshwa. Le nqubo yokukhiqiza iqukethe ama-extuders amaningi, abasabalalisi beziteshi eziningi (abaziwa kakhulu abaziwa ngokuthi "ama-feeders"), amakhanda abunjiwe ama-t, ama-oscillal, nezinhlelo zokuvundliwa. Izici eziyinhloko zale nqubo yokukhiqiza zingumbala omuhle kakhulu, iflethi eliphakeme, ukubekezelelana okuncane, ukusebenza okuhle okwenziwe ngomshini, ukuguquguquka okuhle kwemikhiqizo emincane yefilimu. Abakhiqizi abaningi bomhlaba wonke be-CPP basebenzisa indlela yokusebenzela ye-CO COXCRESION yokukhiqiza, futhi ubuchwepheshe bemishini buvuthiwe.

Kusukela maphakathi nawo-1980s, iChina isiqalile ukwethula imishini yokukhiqiza yamafilimu yakwamanye amazwe, kepha iningi lazo liyizinhlaka ezingqimba esisodwa futhi zingezasesigaba sokuqala. Ngemuva kokungena ngo-1990s, iChina yethule imigqa yokukhiqiza ye-Multi-Laler Calmer COPMER evela emazweni anjengeJalimane, eJapan, e-Italy, kanye ne-Austria. Lezi zinto zokusebenza ezingeniswayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bangamandla amakhulu emboni yamafilimu aseChina. Abahlinzeki bemishini abaphambili bafaka i-Bruckner yaseJalimane, iBartenfield, i-Orchid yeLeifenhauer, ne-Orchid yase-Austria. Kusukela ngo-2000, iChina sekwethule imigqa yokukhiqiza ethuthukile, futhi imishini ekhiqizwe ekhaya nayo iye yathuthuka ngokushesha.

Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga eliphakeme lamazwe omhlaba, kusekhona igebe elithile ku-automation level, Isistimu yokulawula ukukhishwa kwefilimu, uhlelo lokuvuselelwa kwekhanda lwe-othomathikhi yokulungiswa, uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo lokuvuselela izinto zasekhaya. Njengamanje, abahlinzeki bemishini eyinhloko yobuchwepheshe befilimu ye-CPP bafaka i-Bruckner yaseJalimane, uLeifenhauser, kanye ne-Austria's Lanzin, phakathi kwabanye. Abathengisi bakwamanye amazwe banezinzuzo ezibalulekile ngokuya ngezinto ezizenzakalelayo nezinye izici. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yamanje isivuthiwe impela, futhi ijubane lokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bemishini lihamba kancane, futhi empeleni akukho mbundu wokubambisana.

(5)Isimo samanje kanye nezitayela zentuthuko zobuchwepheshe be-acrylonitrite

Ubuchwepheshe be-apromonmia oxidation njengamanje yindlela yokukhiqiza yezentengiso ebalulekile ye-acrylonitrile, futhi cishe bonke abakhiqizi be-acrylonitrite basebenzisa ama-catalysts we-BP (Sohio). Kodwa-ke, kukhona nabanye abahlinzeki abasezingeni eliphezulu abazokhetha kuwo, njengeMitsubishi Rayon (eyayikade i-Nitto) no-Asahi Katei abavela eJapan, enyuka ngo-Solutia (eyayikade iSolutia) ivela e-United States, naseSinopec.

Bangaphezu kuka-95% wezitshalo ze-acrylonitrile emhlabeni wonke zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-arpene ammonia oxidation technology (eyaziwa nangokuthi inqubo ye-sohio) yathuthuka futhi yathuthukiswa yi-BP. Lobu buchwepheshe busebenzisa i-propylene, i-ammonia, umoya namanzi njengezinto zokwakha, futhi ungena kwi-reaction ngesilinganiso esithile. Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-phosphorus molybdenum bismuth noma ama-antimony iron catalysts asekelwa ku-silica gel, acrylonitrile akhiqizwa ekushiseni kwe-400-500℃nengcindezi yezulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngemuva kochungechunge lokungathathi hlangothi, ukumuncwa, ukukhishwa, ama-dehydrocyation, nezinyathelo zokuhlanza, umkhiqizo wokugcina we-acrylonitrile uyatholakala. Isivuno sendlela eyodwa yale ndlela singafinyelela kuma-75%, futhi imikhiqizo eyenziwe yi-acetonitrile, i-hydrogen cyanide, ne-ammonium sulfate. Le ndlela inenani eliphakeme kakhulu lokukhiqiza izimboni.

Kusukela ngo-1984, iSINOPEC isisayine isivumelwano sesikhathi eside no-Ineo futhi sigunyaziwe ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-acrylonitritre obunelungelo lobunikazi be-ineos eChina. Ngemuva kweminyaka yokuthuthuka, iSINOPEC Shanghai Petrochemical Research Institute ithuthukise ngempumelelo indlela yezobuchwepheshe ye-acrylene ammonia oxidation ukukhiqiza i-acrylonitrile ye-acryonitrile, futhi yakha isigaba sesibili seToni yeSinyopec Acrylonitrite's 130000. Le phrojekthi yafakwa ngempumelelo ngoJanuwari 2014, yandisa umthamo wonyaka wokukhiqiza we-acrylonitrile kusuka kumathani angama-80000 kuya ku-210000 amathani, abe yingxenye ebalulekile ye-iSonopec's acrylonitrite Production Base.

Njengamanje, izinkampani emhlabeni jikelele zinamalungelo obunikazi we-propelene ammonia oxidation Technology zifaka i-BP, DuPont, i-Ineos, iSinnopec. Le nqubo yokukhiqiza ivuthiwe futhi kulula ukuyithola, futhi iChina ibuye yathola ukulethwa kwasendaweni kwalobu buchwepheshe, futhi ukusebenza kwawo akukubi ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kwangaphandle.

(6)Isimo samanje kanye nezitayela zentuthuko zobuchwepheshe be-ABS

Ngokokuphenya, indlela yenqubo ye-ABS ihlukaniswe ngengxenye ye-Lotion Frafting Meet kanye nendlela eqhubekayo yeningi. I-Abs Resin yathuthukiswa ngokususelwa ekuguqulweni kwe-polystyrene resin. Ngo-1947, inkampani yase-American Rubber yamukela inqubo ehlanganisiwe ukufeza ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kwe-ABS Resin; Ngo-1954, inkampani ye-borg-wamer e-United States yathuthuka ama-loion grame polymerized ABS resin futhi yabona ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni. Ukuvela kokuthambekela kweLoti kuthuthukise ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwemboni ye-ASC. Kusukela ngonyaka we-1970, ubuchwepheshe benqubo yokukhiqiza ye-AB bangene esikhathini sokuthuthuka okukhulu.

Indlela yeLotion Grafting iyinqubo ethuthukisiwe yokukhiqiza, ehlanganisa izinyathelo ezine: ukuhlanganiswa kwe-bateliene ye-polyx, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Styrene kanye ne-acrylonitrile polymers, kanye ne-blendile portmer. Ukugeleza kwenqubo ethile kufaka phakathi iyunithi ye-PBL, iyunithi lokuxhunyelelwa, iyunithi yeSan, kanye neyunithi ehlanganisiwe. Le nqubo yokukhiqiza inezinga eliphakeme lokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe futhi lisetshenziswe kabanzi emhlabeni wonke.

Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe be-abs avuthiwe buvela ikakhulu ezinkampanini ezinjenge-LG eSouth Korea, JSR eJapan, e-Lake Oyili Chemical Co, Ltd Technology. ENingizimu Korea, nakuzo zonke ezinezinga eliholayo lomhlaba wonke lokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-AB futhi ithuthukisa njalo futhi ithuthukisa. Esikhathini esizayo, kusebenza kahle, izinsiza ezemvelo, futhi zizosebenza nezinqubo zokukhiqiza amandla, ziletha amathuba amaningi nezinselelo ekwakhiweni kwemboni yamakhemikhali.

(7)Isimo sobuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko yentuthuko ye-n-Butanol

Ngokusho kokubona, ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bokuhlanganiswa kwe-buthanol ne-octanol emhlabeni wonke yi-cybonyl-isigaba se-crconyl syntheris inqubo ephansi ye-Carconyl. Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziphambili zale nqubo ziyi-propelene negesi yokuhlanganisa. Phakathi kwazo, i-propylene ikakhulukazi ivela ekuzinikeleni okuhlangene, okusetshenziswa yiyunithi ye-propylene phakathi kuka-0.6 no-0.62 amathani. Igesi yokwenziwa ilungiselelwe kakhulu kusuka kugesi eqeda igesi noma igesi yamalahle eyenzelwe zokwenziwa, ngokusetshenziswa kweyunithi phakathi kwamamitha ayi-700 no-720 cubic.

I-Carbonyl ye-Cartherl Synthessos ephansi eyenziwe nge-Dow / David - Inqubo yokujikeleza kwesigaba se-Liquid - Inqubo yokujikeleza kwesigaba se-Liquid inezinzuzo ezifana nezinga eliphezulu lokuguqula, impilo ende e-Catalyst, futhi inciphise ukukhishwa kwemfucumfucu emithathu. Le nqubo njengamanje iyona ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile kakhulu bokukhiqiza futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi eChina Butanol nasemabhizinisini e-Octanol.

Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-DOW / David buvuthiwe futhi bungasetshenziswa ngokubambisana namabhizinisi asekhaya, amabhizinisi amaningi abeka phambili lobu buchwepheshe lapho ekhetha ukutshala imali ekwakhiweni kwe-Butanol Octanol Units, alandelwe ubuchwepheshe beFadol.

(8)Isimo samanje kanye nezitayela zentuthuko ze-polyacrylonitritrite technology

I-PolyacryloniTile (i-PAN) itholakala nge-polymerization yamahhala ye-acrylonitrile futhi ingumphakathi obalulekile lapho kulungiswa imicu ye-acrylonitrile (imicu ye-acrylic) kanye ne-polylacrylonitritria esekwe yi-carbon fibers. Ivela kufomu elimhlophe noma eliphuzi eliphuzi le-opaque powder, ngokushisa kwengilazi okungama-90℃. Ingachithwa kuma-solvents we-polar arganic afana ne-dimethylformamide (DMF) ne-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), kanye nezisombululo ezihlanganisiwe zamanzi zosawoti we-inorganic njenge-Thiocyanate ne-Perccholate. Ukulungiswa kwe-polyacrylonitritrale ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi isixazululo se-polymerization noma i-polymerization ye-acrymerize ye-acrylonitrile (a

I-PolyacryloniTile isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza imicu ye-acrylic, okuyimicu yokwenziwa eyenziwe nge-acrylonitrile Copolymers ngephesenti eliningi lamaphesenti amaningi angaphezu kwama-85%. Ngokusho kwama-solvents asetshenziswa kwinqubo yokukhiqiza, angahlukaniswa njenge-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), i-Dimethyl Acetamide (DMAC), i-Sodium Thiocyanate (i-NASCH), kanye ne-Dimethyl Forkamide (DMF). Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-solvents ehlukahlukene yi-solubility yabo ePolayicrylonitritrile, engenawo umthelela omkhulu kwinqubo ethile yokukhiqiza ye-polymerization. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuya nge-comonomors ehlukene, zingahlukaniswa nge-Itaconic Acid (IA), i-methyl acrylate (MA), i-acrylamide (am), no-acryly methacrylate (MMA), njll), njll. Ama-conomer ahlukene anemiphumela ehlukile kuma-kinetics futhi Izakhiwo zomkhiqizo zokuphendula kwe-polymerization.

Inqubo yokuhlasela ingaba isinyathelo esisodwa noma izinyathelo ezimbili. Indlela eyodwa yezinyathelo isho i-polymerization ye-acrylonitrile nama-comonomors esibonelweni sombuso ngasikhathi sinye, futhi imikhiqizo ingalungiswa ngqo kwisixazululo sokujikeleza ngaphandle kokuhlukana ngaphandle kokwehlukanisa. Umthetho onezinyathelo ezimbili ubhekisa ku-polymerization ye-acrylonitrile nama-comonomors emanzini ukuthola i-polymer, ehlukaniswe, igqokwe, idonswa amanzi, nezinye izinyathelo zokwakha isisombululo sokujikeleza. Njengamanje, inqubo yokukhiqiza yomhlaba wonke yePoyacrylonitriTile ngokufanayo, ngokufanayo, ngomehluko ngezindlela ezaphansi ze-polymerization kanye nama-CO monomers. Njengamanje, iningi le-polyacrylonitrite fibers emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke lenziwa kuma-cernary Copolymers, nge-acconitile accounting ngo-90% kanye nokufakwa kwe-monomer yesibili esukela ku-5% kuya ku-8%. Inhloso yokwengeza i-monomer yesibili ukuthuthukisa amandla okwenziwa ngomshini, ukunwebeka, kanye nokuthungwa kwemicu, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwe-Fiber. Izindlela ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziswayo zifaka i-MMA, MA, i-Acetate ye-Vinyl, njll. Inani lokungezwa le-monomer yesithathu lingu-0.3% -2%, ngenhloso yokwethula inani elithile lemicu ye-hydrophilic ukwandisa ubudlelwano bemicu. ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu odayi we-cationic namaqembu odayi we-acidic.

Njengamanje, iJapan ingummeleli ophambili wenqubo yomhlaba wonke ye-polycacitritritria, elandelwa amazwe anjengeJalimane ne-United States. Amabhizinisi abamele afaka i-Zoltek, i-Hexcel kanye ne-Aldila evela eJapan, eDongbang, eMitsubishi nase-United States, Sgl ukusuka eJalimane neFormosa Plastics Group evela eTaiwan, China, China. Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe bemisebenzi yokukhiqiza yomhlaba wonke ye-polycrylonitritria ivuthiwe, futhi alikho indawo eningi yokuthuthuka komkhiqizo.