I-PolyethYlene inezinhlobo zomkhiqizo ezahlukahlukene ezisuselwa ezindleleni ze-polymerization, amazinga wesisindo amamolekyuli, kanye nezinga le-branching. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zifaka i-polyethylene ephezulu (HDPE), i-low-density polyethylene (LDPE), kanye ne-linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).
I-polyethylene ingenamphundla, i-non-anobuthi, izwakala njenge-wax, inokumelana okuhle kakhulu kwamazinga okushisa, ukuqina okuhle kwamakhemikhali, futhi kungamelana nokuguguleka kwama-acids amaningi ne-alkalis. I-polyethylene ingacutshungulwa kusetshenziswa ukubumba kokujoyina, ukubumba kokukhipha, nezinye izindlela ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo efana namafilimu, amapayipi, izintambo zokupakisha kanye nezibopho, izintambo, kanye nezinhlanzi, kanye nemicu elukiwe.
Umnotho wembulunga yonke kulindeleke ukuthi wehle. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sokwehla kwamandla emali ephezulu, ukusetshenziswa kubuthakathaka futhi kufunwa kuncishisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Federal Reserve iyaqhubeka nokukhulisa amanani enzalo, inqubomgomo yezimali iyaqiniswa, futhi amanani entengo yezimpahla angaphansi kwengcindezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxabano zaseRussia-Ukraine ziyaqhubeka futhi ithemba elingakacaci. Intengo kawoyela ongahluziwe iqinile, futhi izindleko zemikhiqizo ye-PE zisephezulu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imikhiqizo ye-PE ibe sesikhathini sokwanda okuqhubekayo nokushesha kwamandla okukhiqiza, namabhizinisi omkhiqizo we-DownTream end beshiye ukulandelela ama-oda. Ukuphikisana okufunwa kwezidingo sekube ngenye yezinkinga eziphambili ekwakhiweni komkhakha we-PE kulesi sigaba.
Ukuhlaziywa nokubikezela kokuhlinzekwa kwe-polyethylene yezwe kanye nesidingo
Amandla okukhiqiza we-polyethylene ekhiqizwa emhlabeni ayaqhubeka nokukhula. Ngo-2022, umthamo wokukhiqizwa komhlaba we-polyethylene we weqe amathani ayizigidi eziyi-140 ngonyaka, ukwenyuka konyaka oneminyaka engu-6,1%, ngokunyuka konyaka ngonyaka ka-2.1% ekukhiqizeni. Izinga elisebenzayo elisebenzayo leyunithi lalingu-83.1%, ukwehla kwamaphesenti angama-3.6 ngamaphesenti aqhathaniswa nonyaka owedlule.
INortheast Asia ibangela ingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke yomhlaba wonke we-polyethylene Production umthamo, i-accounting ka-30.6% yenani eliphelele lokukhiqizwa kwe-polyethylene ngo-2022, elilandelwa i-maphakathi neMpumalanga.
Cishe ama-47% omhlaba we-polyethylene wokukhiqiza emhlabeni agxile kumabhizinisi aphezulu okukhiqiza aphezulu anamandla okukhiqiza. Ngo-2022, kwakunamabhizinisi amakhulu okukhiqiza ama-polyethylene acishe abe ngu-200 emhlabeni. I-ExxonMobil iyibhizinisi elikhiqizwayo elikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, elibalwa cishe ngo-8.0% wenani eliphelele lomhlaba wonke. I-DOW ne-Sinopec ibalwa kwesibili neyesithathu ngokulandelana.
Ngo-2021, inani eliphelele lomhwebi we-polyethylene lalingama-dollar angama-85.75 billion aseMelika, ukunyuka konyaka oneminyaka engama-40,8%, futhi inani eliphelele lezohwebo lalingamathani angama-57.77 million, ukwehla konyaka ongu-77%. Ngokombono wentengo, inani eliphakathi lokuthekelisa le-polyethylene emhlabeni lingama-1484.4 amadola ase-US ngethani ngalinye, ukunyuka konyaka onyakeni ka-51.9%.
I-China, i-United States, neBelgium yi-Mojor Major Mont Accents of Polyethylene, accounting for 34.6% yokungeniswa okuphelele emhlabeni; I-United States, iSaudi Arabia, neBelgium ngamazwe aphambili athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-polyethylene emhlabeni, afaka ama-32.7% okuthengiswa komhlaba wonke.
Umthamo wokukhiqiza we-polyethylenen emhlabeni uzogcina ukukhula ngokushesha. Eminyakeni emibili eyalandela, umhlaba uzokwengeza amathani angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-12 we-polyethylene Production Policity ngonyaka, futhi la maphrojekthi amaphrojekthi ahlanganiswe kakhulu akhiqizwa ngokubambisana nezitshalo eziphezulu ze-ethylom. Kulindelwe ukuthi kusukela ngo-2020 kuya ku-2024, isilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esivamile se-polyethylene sizoba ngo-5.2%.
Isimo samanje kanye nesibikezelo sokuhlinzekwa kwe-polyethylene kanye nesidingo eChina
Umthamo wokukhiqiza we-polyethylene wokukhiqizwa kwaseChina uke wanda ngasikhathi sinye. Ngo-2022, umthamo wokukhiqizwa we-polyethylene we-polyethylene ukhuphuke ngo-11.2% unyaka nonyaka futhi ukukhiqizwa kwandiswe ngo-6.0% unyaka nonyaka. Ngokusekupheleni kuka-2022, kunamabhizinisi akhiqizwayo acishe abe ngu-50 eChina, futhi amandla amasha okukhiqiza ngo-2022 afaka phakathi amayunithi anjenge-sinopec zhenhai
Ishadi lokuqhathanisa lokukhiqizwa kwe-polyethylene eChina kusuka ngo-2021 kuya ku-2023

Ukwanda kokusetshenziswa okusobala kwe-polyethylene kukhawulelwe, futhi izinga lokuzimela ligcina ukukhula. Ngo-2022, ukusetshenziswa okubonakalayo kwe-polyethylene eChina kwanda ngo-0,1% unyaka nonyaka, kanye nezinga lokuzenzela lenyukezeke ngamaphesenti ama-3.7 aqhathaniswa nonyaka owedlule.
Ivolumu yokungenisa le-polyethylene e-china yehlile unyaka nonyaka, kanti ivolumu yokuthumela yanda unyaka nonyaka. Ngo-2022, ivolumu yokungenisa yaseChina yaseChina yehle ngo-7.7% unyaka nonyaka; Ivolumu yokuthekelisa inyuke ngo-41.5%. I-China ihlala ingenayo ongenisa i-polyethylene. I-China's Polyethylene Team Trade ikakhulukazi ithembela ekuhwebeni okujwayelekile, ukubalwa kwemali ngo-82.2% yevolumu yokungenisa ephelele; Okulandelayo kungukuqhuma kokuhweba kwezohwebo, kubalwa ngo-9.3%. Ukungenisa ngaphakathi ikakhulukazi kuqhamuka emazweni noma izifunda ezinjengeSaudi Arabia, i-Iran, kanye ne-United Arab Emirates, zibalwe cishe ngo-49,9% wokungeniswa okuphelele.
I-polyethylene isetshenziswa kabanzi eChina, nge-accounting yefilimu isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yenani. Ngo-2022, ifilimu elincanyana lihlala liyinkambu yesicelo esikhulu kunazo zonke e-polyethylene e-China, elandelwa ukubuyiselwa komjovo, amaphrofayli amapayipi, neminye imikhakha.
I-polyethylene yaseChina isesigabeni sokukhula ngokushesha. Ngokusho kwezibalo ezingaphelele, i-China ihlela ukwengeza amasethi ayi-15 wezitshalo ze-polyethylene ngaphambi kuka-2024, enesibopho esingeziwe sokukhiqiza samathani angaphezu kwezigidi eziyisishiyagalombili ngonyaka.
2023 Peedoment New Design Production Depy

Kusukela ngoMeyi 2023, inani eliphelele lokukhiqiza lezitshalo zasekhaya lifinyelele amathani ayizigidi ezingama-30,61. Mayelana nokwanda kwe-PE ngo-2023, kulindeleke ukuthi umthamo wokukhiqiza uzoba ngamathani ayizigidi eziyi-3.75 ngonyaka. Njengamanje, i-Guangdong Petrochemical, i-Hainan reconing kanye namakhemikhali, kanti amakhemikhali e-shandong Jinhai asebenze, anekhono eliphelele lokukhiqiza lamathani ayizigidi eziyi-2.2. Kubandakanya idivaysi ephelele yobuningi engamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,1 kanye nedivaysi ye-HDPE yamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,1, ngenkathi idivaysi ye-LDPE ingakasebenzi phakathi konyaka. Engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka olandelayo, kunamathani / ngonyaka wezigidi eziyi-1.55 wezinhlelo ezintsha zemishini, ezibandakanya amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.25 zezinto ze-HDPE namathani angama-300000 wemishini ye-Lldpe. Kulindelwe ukuthi umthamo wokukhiqiza waseChina uzofinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingama-32.16 ngo-2023.
Njengamanje, kunokuphikisana okukhulu phakathi kokunikezwa kanye nokufunwa kwe-PE eChina, ngokuba namandla okukhiqizwa okukhiqizwa kwamayunithi amasha okukhiqiza esiteji esilandelayo. Kodwa-ke, imboni yomkhiqizo we-Downstream ibhekene ne-stalemate ezindaweni ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo, ama-oda womkhiqizo aphansi, nobunzima emanakhiseko akhuphukayo ekugcineni kwezitolo; Ukwehla kwemali engenayo esebenzayo kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza kuholele ekuhambeni kwemali okuqinile kwamabhizinisi, futhi eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngaphansi kwezimali ezenza imali kukhuphule ubungozi bokuwohloka komnotho, kanye nesidingo esibuthakathaka kuholele ekunciphiseni Emibhalweni yezentengiselwano yakwamanye amazwe yemikhiqizo. Amabhizinisi Womkhiqizo Ophansi, njengemikhiqizo ye-PE, asesikhathini sobuhlungu bezimboni ngenxa yokuhlinzekwa kanye nokulingana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, badinga ukunaka ukufunwa kwendabuko, ngenkathi bethuthukisa ukufunwa okusha kanye nokuthola izinkomba zokuthumela ngaphandle ziye zaba
Ukusuka ekusakazweni kwengxenye yokusetshenziswa kwe-Downstream Pe eChina, ingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke ukusetshenziswa yifilimu, elandelwa yimikhakha emikhulu enjengefilimu, ipayipi, i-metallocene, i-cable, njll. Ngomkhakha womkhiqizo wefilimu, I-Maintream ifilimu yezolimo, ifilimu yezimboni, nefilimu yokupakisha yomkhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, isidingo semikhiqizo yefilimu yezokwenziwa yezondla lezobuciko sekwehliswe kancane kancane ukuthandwa kwamapulasitiki angonakalisiwe ngenxa yemithetho yepulasitiki elinganiselwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imboni yefilimu yokufaka nayo isesikhathini sokulungiswa kwesakhiwo, kanye nenkinga ye-Overcapacity emikhiqizweni ephansi kusabi kakhulu.
Ukubumba komjovo, ipayipi, izimboni nezimboni nezinye izimboni zixhunyaniswe kakhulu nezidingo zengqalasizinda kanye nempilo yansuku zonke yezempi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenxa yezici ezifana nempendulo yokuthola umklomelo yabathengi ezivela kubahlali, ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha womkhiqizo kubhekane nezingqinamba ezithile zokukhula, futhi ukulandela okukhawulelwe kwakamuva kuma-oda okuthekelisa sekuholele ekutheni kukhuphuke ekukhuleni kwe isikhathi esifushane.
Ayini amaphuzu okukhula kwezidingo zasekhaya ezokufuna ngokuzayo
Eqinisweni, eCongress yeNational National ekupheleni kuka-2022, kuhlongozwe izinyathelo ezahlukahlukene ukukhuthaza ukufunwa kwasekhaya, ngenhloso yokuvula ukujikeleza kwangaphakathi eChina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhulunywe ngalo ukuthi ukwanda kwezinga lokufuduka kwabantu amadolobhana kanye nokukhiqiza kuzoletha ukuvuselelwa kwemikhiqizo ye-PE ngombono wokuphakanyiswa kokujikeleza kwangaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphumula okuphelele kokulawula, ukululama komnotho, futhi ukwanda okulindelekile kwesidingo sokujikeleza kwangaphakathi kubuye kube nokuqinisekisa inqubomgomo yenqubomgomo yokubuyiselwa kwesikhathi esizayo.
Ukuthuthuka kwabathengi kunikeze ukufunwa okufunwayo, ngezidingo eziphakeme zamapulasitiki ezinkambu ezinjengezimoto, amakhaya ahlakaniphile, ama-elekthronikhi, kanye nokuhamba kwezitimela. Ikhwalithi ephezulu, ukusebenza okuphezulu, kanye nezinto zokwakha imvelo sezinto ezikhethiwe. Amaphoyinti wokukhula angaba khona wesikhathi esizayo afinyelela ezindaweni ezine, kufaka phakathi ukukhula kokupakisha embonini yokulethwa kwe-Express, ukupakisha amafilimu aqhutshwa yi-e-commerce, kanye nokukhula okungenzeka ezimotweni ezintsha zamandla, izakhi, kanye nesidingo sezokwelashwa. Kusekhona amaphuzu okukhula angaba khona we-PE funa.
Ngokuya ngesidingo sangaphandle, kunezici eziningi ezingaqinisekile, ezinjenge-China Le Relication, Umgomo We-Federal Reserve, iRussia Ukraine impi, izidingo zenqubomgomo yakwamanye amazwe zisekuqaleni kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki zisekupheleni kokuphela okuphansi imikhiqizo. Emkhakheni wemikhiqizo ephezulu kakhulu, ubuchwepheshe abaningi kanye nobuchwepheshe busabanjelwa ngokuqinile ezandleni zamabhizinisi angaphandle, futhi ukuvimba ubuchwepheshe kwemikhiqizo ephezulu kunzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke, kuyinkomba engaba khona ye-China umkhiqizo wesikhathi esizayo waseChina I-Exports, lapho amathuba nezinselelo coexist. Amabhizinisi asekhaya asabhekene nobuso obusha nentuthuko.