Imboni yamakhemikhali yaseShayina iyathuthuka isuka endaweni enkulu iye endaweni enembayo ephezulu, futhi amabhizinisi amakhemikhali abhekene noguquko, okuzoletha nakanjani imikhiqizo ecolisisiwe.Ukuvela kwale mikhiqizo kuzoba nomthelela othile ekukhanyeni kolwazi lwezimakethe futhi kukhuthaze umjikelezo omusha wokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kanye nokuhlanganisa.
Lesi sihloko sizobheka ezinye izimboni ezibalulekile embonini yamakhemikhali yaseShayina kanye nezifunda zazo ezigxile kakhulu ukuveza umthelela womlando wazo kanye nezinsizakusebenza embonini.Sizohlola ukuthi yiziphi izifunda ezinesikhundla esivelele kulezi zimboni futhi sihlaziye ukuthi lezi zifunda ziyithinta kanjani intuthuko yalezi zimboni.
1. Umthengi omkhulu wemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali e-China: Isifundazwe sase-Guangdong
Isifundazwe sase-Guangdong yisifunda esisetshenziswa kakhulu imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali e-China, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesikali saso esikhulu se-GDP.I-GDP isiyonke yeSifundazwe sase-Guangdong isifinyelele ku-12.91 trillion yuan, ibekwe kuqala e-China, okukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa okuphumelelayo kokuphela kwabathengi kochungechunge lwezimboni zamakhemikhali.Kuphethini yezokuthutha yemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali e-China, cishe u-80% wayo unephethini yezokuthutha ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu, futhi imakethe eyodwa ebalulekile ehlosiwe yiSifundazwe sase-Guangdong.
Njengamanje, iSifundazwe sase-Guangdong sigxile ekuthuthukisweni kwezizinda ezinhlanu ezinkulu ze-petrochemical, zonke ezinezimboni ezinkulu ezididiyelwe zokucwenga nezamakhemikhali.Lokhu kusize ukuthuthukiswa kochungechunge lwemboni yamakhemikhali esiFundazweni sase-Guangdong, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa izinga lokuhluzwa kanye nezinga lokuhlinzekwa kwemikhiqizo.Kodwa-ke, kusekhona igebe emakethe, okudingeka kungezwe amadolobha asenyakatho njengeJiangsu neZhejiang, kuyilapho imikhiqizo emisha yezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu idinga ukwengezwa ngezinsiza ezivela kwamanye amazwe.
Umfanekiso 1: Izisekelo ezinhlanu ezinkulu ze-petrochemical esifundazweni sase-Guangdong

 
2. Indawo enkulu kunazo zonke yokuhlangana yokucwenga eShayina: Isifunda saseShandong
ISifundazwe saseShandong siyindawo enkulu yokuhlangana yokucwenga uwoyela e-China, ikakhulukazi eDolobheni lase-Dongying, esiqoqe inani elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni lamabhizinisi endawo ahluza uwoyela.Kusukela maphakathi no-2023, kunamabhizinisi endawo angaphezu kwama-60 okucwenga esiFundazweni saseShandong, anamandla okukhiqiza uwoyela ongahluziwe angamathani ayizigidi ezingama-220 ngonyaka.Amandla okukhiqiza i-ethylene ne-propylene nawo adlule amathani ayizigidi ezi-3 ngonyaka kanye namathani ayizigidi ezingu-8 ngonyaka, ngokulandelana.
Imboni yokuhluza uwoyela esiFundazweni saseShandong yaqala ukuthuthuka ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1990, lapho i-Kenli Petrochemical yaba indawo yokuqala ezimele yokuhluza uwoyela, kwalandelwa ukusungulwa kwe-Dongming Petrochemical (ebiyaziwa ngokuthi i-Dongming County Oil Refining Company).Kusukela ngo-2004, izindawo zokuhluza ezizimele esiFundazweni saseShandong zingene esikhathini sokuthuthuka ngokushesha, futhi amabhizinisi amaningi okucwenga asekhaya aseqalile ukwakhiwa nokusebenza.Amanye alawa mabhizinisi asuselwa ekusebenzisaneni nasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya kanye noguquko, kanti amanye asuselwa ekucwengisweni nasekuguqulweni kwendawo.
Kusukela ngo-2010, amabhizinisi endawo ahluza uwoyela eShandong athandwa amabhizinisi kahulumeni, amabhizinisi amaningi atholwa noma alawulwa amabhizinisi kahulumeni, okuhlanganisa iHongrun Petrochemical, Dongying Refinery, Haihua, Changyi Petrochemical, Shandong Huaxing, Zhenghe Petrochemical, Qingdao I-Anbang, i-Jinan Great Wall Refinery, i-Jinan Chemical Second Refinery, njll. Lokhu kusheshise ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezindawo zokuhluza zendawo.
3. Umkhiqizi omkhulu wemikhiqizo yemithi e-China: Isifundazwe saseJiangsu
ISifundazwe saseJiangsu singumkhiqizi omkhulu wemikhiqizo yemithi e-China, futhi imboni yaso eyenza imithi iwumthombo obalulekile we-GDP yesifundazwe.ISifundazwe saseJiangsu sinenani elikhulu lamabhizinisi emboni ephakathi kwemithi, afinyelela ku-4067, okuyenza ibe indawo enkulu yokukhiqiza imithi eqediwe eChina.Phakathi kwawo, iDolobha iXuzhou lingelinye lamadolobha amakhulu akhiqiza imithi esifundazweni saseJiangsu, elinamabhizinisi aphambili embonini yemithi anjengeJiangsu Enhua, iJiangsu Wanbang, iJiangsu Jiuxu, kanye namabhizinisi kazwelonke acishe abe ngu-60 asezingeni eliphezulu emkhakheni webiopharmaceuticals.Ngaphezu kwalokho, iDolobha laseXuzhou lisungule izinkundla ezine zocwaningo nentuthuko ezingeni likazwelonke emikhakheni yobungcweti efana ne-tumor biotherapy kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kwezitshalo zokwelapha, kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo nentuthuko ezingeni lesifundazwe ezingaphezu kuka-70.
IYangzijiang Pharmaceutical Group, etholakala eTaizhou, eJiangsu, ingelinye lamabhizinisi amakhulu akhiqiza imithi esifundazweni ngisho nasezweni imbala.Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, liye laphuma ngokuphindaphindiwe ohlwini lwabayi-100 embonini yezemithi yaseChina.Imikhiqizo yaleli qembu ihlanganisa imikhakha eminingi efana nokulwa nokutheleleka, imithambo yenhliziyo, ukugaya ukudla, isimila, isimiso sezinzwa, futhi eminingi yayo inokuqwashisa okukhulu kanye nesabelo semakethe ezimakethe zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe.
Kafushane, imboni yokukhiqiza imithi esiFundazweni saseJiangsu ibambe isikhundla esibaluleke kakhulu eShayina.Akuwona kuphela umkhiqizi omkhulu wemikhiqizo yemithi e-China, kodwa futhi ingelinye lamabhizinisi amakhulu kakhulu okukhiqiza imithi ezweni.
Umfanekiso 2 Ukusatshalaliswa komhlaba wonke kwamabhizinisi okukhiqiza amaphakathi emithi
Umthombo wedatha: I-Prospective Industry Research Institute

4. Umkhiqizi omkhulu waseShayina wamakhemikhali kagesi: Isifundazwe sase-Guangdong
Njengesizinda esikhulu kunazo zonke sokukhiqiza imboni ye-elekthronikhi eChina, iSifundazwe saseGuangdong sesiphinde saba isizinda esikhulu sokukhiqiza amakhemikhali kagesi kanye nesisekelo sokusebenzisa eChina.Lesi sikhundla siqhutshwa ikakhulukazi isidingo sabathengi esifundazweni saseGuangdong.ISifundazwe sase-Guangdong sikhiqiza amakhulu ezinhlobo zamakhemikhali e-elekthronikhi, anohlu olubanzi kakhulu lwemikhiqizo kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuhluzwa, elihlanganisa izinkambu ezinjengamakhemikhali e-elekthronikhi amanzi, izinto ezintsha zezinga le-elekthronikhi, izinto zefilimu ezizacile, nezinto zokumboza ze-elekthronikhi.
Ngokukhethekile, i-Zhuhai Zhubo Electronic Materials Co., Ltd. ingumkhiqizi obalulekile wendwangu ye-electronic grade fiber fiber, i-dielectric ephansi, kanye ne-ultrafine glass fiber ntambo.I-Changxin Resin (Guangdong) Co., Ltd. ikhiqiza ikakhulukazi i-electronic grade amino resin, i-PTT, neminye imikhiqizo, kuyilapho i-Zhuhai Changxian New Materials Technology Co., Ltd. ithengisa ngokuyinhloko i-electron grade soldering flux, i-ejenti yokuhlanza imvelo, kanye nemikhiqizo ye-Fanlishui.Lawa mabhizinisi angamabhizinisi amele emkhakheni wamakhemikhali e-elekthronikhi esifundazweni sase-Guangdong.
5. Indawo enkulu yokukhiqiza i-polyester fiber e-China: Isifundazwe saseZhejiang
Isifundazwe saseZhejiang siyisizinda esikhulu sokukhiqiza i-polyester fiber eChina, esinamabhizinisi okukhiqiza ama-polyester chip kanye nesilinganiso sokukhiqiza i-polyester filament esedlula amathani ayizigidi ezingama-30 ngonyaka, isikali sokukhiqiza i-polyester staple fiber esidlula amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.7 ngonyaka, kanye namabhizinisi okukhiqiza ama-chip polyester angaphezu kuka-30, namandla okukhiqiza esewonke adlula amathani ayizigidi ezi-4.3/ngonyaka.Ingenye yezindawo ezinkulu zokukhiqiza i-polyester chemical fiber fiber eChina.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunamabhizinisi amaningi endwangu kanye ne-weaving esifundazweni saseZhejiang.
Amabhizinisi amele amakhemikhali esiFundazweni saseZhejiang ahlanganisa iTongkun Group, iHengyi Group, iXinfengming Group, neZhejiang Dushan Energy, phakathi kwabanye.Lawa mabhizinisi angamabhizinisi amakhulu enziwe nge-polyester chemical fiber fibre e-China futhi akhule futhi athuthuka kusukela eZhejiang.
6. Indawo enkulu yokukhiqiza amakhemikhali amalahle eChina: Isifundazwe saseShaanxi
Isifundazwe saseShaanxi siyisikhungo esibalulekile semboni yamakhemikhali amalahle yaseShayina kanye nesizinda esikhulu sokukhiqiza amakhemikhali amalahle eChina.Ngokwezibalo zedatha ezivela e-Pingtouge, isifundazwe sinamabhizinisi okukhiqiza amalahle angaphezu kuka-7 kuya ku-olefin, anesilinganiso sokukhiqiza esingaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi ezi-4.5 ngonyaka.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokukhiqiza lamalahle ku-ethylene glycol nalo lifinyelele amathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.6 ngonyaka.
Imboni yamakhemikhali wamalahle esiFundazweni saseShaanxi igxile eYushen Industrial Park, okuyipaki yamakhemikhali yamalahle enkulu kunazo zonke eChina futhi iqoqa amabhizinisi amaningi okukhiqiza amakhemikhali amalahle.Phakathi kwabo, amabhizinisi abamele kukhona phakathi amalahle Yulin, Shaanxi Yulin Energy Chemical, Pucheng Clean Energy, Yulin Shenhua, njll.
7. Isizinda esikhulu sokukhiqiza amakhemikhali kasawoti waseChina: Xinjiang
I-Xinjiang iyisizinda esikhulu sokukhiqiza amakhemikhali kasawoti e-China, esimelwe yi-Xinjiang Zhongtai Chemical.Umthamo wayo wokukhiqiza we-PVC ungamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.72/ngonyaka, okuyenza ibe ibhizinisi elikhulu le-PVC eChina.Umthamo wayo wokukhiqiza i-caustic soda ungamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.47/ngonyaka, nawo omkhulu kunawo wonke e-China.Izinqolobane zikasawoti ezifakazelwe eXinjiang zingamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-50, okwesibili ngemuva kweSifundazwe saseQinghai.Ichibi likasawoti e-Xinjiang linezinga eliphezulu kanye nekhwalithi enhle, elifanele ukucutshungulwa okujulile nokucwengisiswa, futhi likhiqiza imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali kasawoti anenani eliphakeme, njenge-sodium, i-bromine, i-magnesium, njll., okuyizinto zokusetshenziswa ezihamba phambili zokukhiqiza ezihlobene amakhemikhali.Ngaphezu kwalokho, iLop Nur Salt Lake itholakala eRuoqiang County enyakatho-mpumalanga yeTarim Basin, eXinjiang.Imithombo ye-potash efakazelwe icishe ibe ngamathani ayizigidi ezingama-300, ibalwa ngaphezu kwengxenye yemithombo ye-potash kazwelonke.Amabhizinisi amaningi amakhemikhali angenile eXinjiang ukuze aphenywe futhi akhethe ukutshala imali kumaphrojekthi amakhemikhali.Isizathu esikhulu salokhu ukusizakala okuphelele kwezinsiza ze-Xinjiang, kanye nokwesekwa kwenqubomgomo okukhangayo okuhlinzekwa yi-Xinjiang.
8. Indawo enkulu kunazo zonke yaseChina yokukhiqiza amakhemikhali egesi yemvelo: iChongqing
I-Chongqing iyisizinda esikhulu sokukhiqiza amakhemikhali egesi yemvelo eChina.Ngemithombo eminingi yegesi yemvelo, yakhe amaketanga emboni yamakhemikhali egesi yemvelo futhi yaba idolobha elihamba phambili lamakhemikhali egesi yemvelo eChina.
Indawo ebalulekile yokukhiqiza yemboni yamakhemikhali yegesi yemvelo yaseChongqing yiSifunda saseChangshou.Lesi sifunda sinwebe umfula ongezansi wochungechunge lwemboni yamakhemikhali egesi yemvelo ngenzuzo yemithombo yempahla eluhlaza.Njengamanje, iSifunda saseChangshou sikhiqize amakhemikhali egesi emvelo ahlukahlukene, njenge-acetylene, i-methanol, i-formaldehyde, i-polyoxymethylene, i-acetic acid, i-vinyl acetate, i-polyvinyl alcohol, ifilimu ye-PVA optical, i-EVOH resin, njll. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inqwaba yegesi yemvelo. Izinhlobo zamaketanga omkhiqizo wamakhemikhali zisakhiwa, njenge-BDO, amapulasitiki awonakalayo, i-spandex, i-NMP, ama-carbon nanotubes, izinyibilikisi zebhethri ze-lithium, njll.
Amabhizinisi amele ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yamakhemikhali egesi yemvelo eChongqing afaka i-BASF, i-China Resources Chemical, ne-China Chemical Hualu.Lawa mabhizinisi abamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yamakhemikhali egesi yemvelo yase-Chongqing, akhuthaze ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe nokusebenzisa, futhi athuthukise ukuncintisana nokusimama kwemboni yamakhemikhali yegesi yemvelo yaseChongqing.
9. Isifundazwe esinenani elikhulu lamapaki amakhemikhali eShayina: Isifundazwe saseShandong
Isifundazwe saseShandong sinenani elikhulu lamapaki ezimboni zamakhemikhali eChina.Kunamapaki amakhemikhali angaphezu kuka-1000 ezingeni lesifundazwe nelezwe lonke eChina, kuyilapho inani lamapaki amakhemikhali esiFundazweni saseShandong lidlula i-100. Ngokwezidingo zikazwelonke zokungena kwamapaki ezimboni zamakhemikhali, indawo yepaki yezimboni zamakhemikhali iyona eyinhloko. indawo yokuqoqa amabhizinisi amakhemikhali.Amapaki ezimboni zamakhemikhali esiFundazweni saseShandong asatshalaliswa kakhulu emadolobheni afana neDongying, Zibo, Weifang, Heze, phakathi kwawo iDongying, iWeifang, neZibo enenani eliphakeme kakhulu lamabhizinisi amakhemikhali.
Sekukonke, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamakhemikhali esiFundazweni saseShandong kugxile kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngesimo samapaki.Phakathi kwazo, amapaki amakhemikhali emadolobheni afana ne-Dongying, iZibo, ne-Weifang athuthuke kakhulu futhi ayizindawo eziyinhloko zokuhlangana zemboni yamakhemikhali esiFundazweni saseShandong.

Umfanekiso 3 Ukusatshalaliswa Kwamapaki Emboni Yamakhemikhali Ayinhloko EsiFundazweni SaseShandong

10. Indawo enkulu yokukhiqiza amakhemikhali e-phosphorus e-China: Isifundazwe saseHubei
Ngokwezici zokusatshalaliswa kwemithombo ye-phosphorus ore, imithombo ye-phosphorus ore yaseChina isatshalaliswa kakhulu ezifundazweni ezinhlanu: iYunnan, iGuizhou, iSichuan, iHubei, neHunan.Phakathi kwazo, ukunikezwa kwensimbi ye-phosphorus ezifundazweni ezine zaseHubei, eSichuan, eGuizhou, naseYunnan kuhlangabezana nezidingo eziningi zikazwelonke, okwenza iphethini eyisisekelo yokuhlinzekwa kwensiza ye-phosphorus “yokuthutha i-phosphorus isuka eningizimu iye enyakatho nasentshonalanga. empumalanga”.Ukuthi kususelwa enanini lamabhizinisi okukhiqiza i-phosphate ore kanye ne-phosphides engezansi komfula, noma izinga lesilinganiso sokukhiqiza ochungechungeni lwemboni yamakhemikhali e-phosphate, iSifundazwe saseHubei siyindawo eyinhloko yokukhiqiza embonini yamakhemikhali e-phosphate yaseChina.
ISifundazwe saseHubei sinezinsiza eziningi ze-phosphate ore, ezinezinqolobane ze-phosphate ore ezibalelwa ngaphezu kwama-30% wesamba sezinsiza zikazwelonke kanye nokukhiqizwa okubalelwa ku-40% wawo wonke umkhiqizo kazwelonke.Ngokwemininingwane yoMnyango Wezomnotho Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi esifundazweni saseHubei, ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo emihlanu kulesi sifundazwe, okuhlanganisa umanyolo, umanyolo we-phosphate, nama-phosphates amahle, kuhamba phambili kuleli.Yisifundazwe sokuqala esikhulu embonini ye-phosphating e-China futhi siyisizinda sokukhiqiza esikhulu kunazo zonke samakhemikhali e-phosphate amahle ezweni, esikalini samakhemikhali e-phosphate sibalwa ku-38.4% wengxenye kazwelonke.
Amabhizinisi amele ukukhiqiza amakhemikhali e-phosphorus esiFundazweni saseHubei ahlanganisa i-Xingfa Group, i-Hubei Yihua, ne-Xinyangfeng.I-Xingfa Group iyibhizinisi elikhulu kunawo wonke lokukhiqiza amakhemikhali esibabule kanye nebhizinisi elikhulu kunawo wonke lokukhiqiza amakhemikhali e-phosphorus e-China.Izinga lokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-monoammonium phosphate esifundazweni liyenyuka unyaka nonyaka.Ngo-2022, inani elithunyelwa ngaphandle le-monoammonium phosphate esiFundazweni saseHubei lalingamathani angama-511000, nenani elithunyelwa ngaphandle eliyizigidi ezingama-452 zamadola aseMelika.