Umkhakha wamakhemikhali wamaChinese uthuthuka kusuka esikalini esikhulu kuya ekuqondisweni okunengqondo okuphezulu, futhi amabhizinisi amakhemikhali angenziwa ngenguquko, okuzoletha imikhiqizo ecwengekile. Ukuvela kwale mikhiqizo kuzoba nomthelela othile ekucacisweni kolwazi lwemakethe futhi kukhuthaze umjikelezo omusha wokuvuselelwa kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezimboni.
Le ndatshana izothatha izimboni ezithile ezibalulekile embonini yamakhemikhali yaseChina kanye nezifunda zazo ezigxile kakhulu ukuze ziveze umthelela womlando wazo kanye nezinsizakusebenza ezisetshenziswayo embonini. Sizohlola ukuthi yiziphi izifunda ezinesikhundla esivelele kulezi zimboni futhi sihlaziye ukuthi lezi zindawo zikuthinta kanjani ukuthuthukiswa kwalezi zimboni.
1. Umthengi omkhulu kakhulu wemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali eChina: Isifundazwe saseGuangdong
Isifundazwe saseGuangdong yisifunda esinokusetshenziswa okukhulu kakhulu kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali eChina, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesilinganiso saso esikhulu se-GDP. I-GDP yesiFundazwe seGeangdong isifikile ku-12,91 trillion yuan, sisezingeni lokuqala eChina, elikhuthaze ukukhula okuchumayo kokuphela komthengi wemboni yamakhemikhali embonini yamakhemikhali embonini yamakhemikhali. Ephethini le-Logistics yemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali eChina, cishe ama-80% awo anephethini yezinto ezivela enyakatho aye eningizimu, futhi imakethe eyodwa ebalulekile yokuphela kwesifundazwe saseGuangdong.
Njengamanje, isifundazwe saseGuangdong sigxile ekuthuthukisweni kwezisekelo ezinhlanu ze-petrochemical, zonke ezihlome ngokucwengeka kwezinga elihlanganisiwe kanye nezitshalo zamakhemikhali. Lokhu kukwenze kwaze kwathuthukiswa ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamakhemikhali esifundazweni saseGuangdong, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise inani lokucolisiswa kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezinga lemikhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, kusekhona igebe ekuhlinzekeni kwemakethe, okudinga ukufakwa emadolobheni asenyakatho anjengeJiangsu kanye noZhejiang, ngenkathi imikhiqizo emisha yezinto ezibonakalayo idinga ukufakwa izinsiza ezingenisiwe.
Umdwebo 1: Izisekelo ezinkulu ezinhlanu ze-petrochemical esifundazweni saseGuangdong

 
2. Indawo enkulu yokubuthana yokucolisiswa eChina: Isifundazwe saseShandong
IsiFundazwe saseShandong indawo enkulu kunazo zonke yokubuthana yokucwiliswa kawoyela eChina, ikakhulukazi eDonging City, eqoqe inani elikhulu kunawo wonke amabhizinisi okucwengwa kwamafutha endawo. Maphakathi ne-2023, kunamabhizinisi wokuhlaziya wendawo angaphezu kuka-60 esifundazweni saseShandong, enomthamo wokusebenza kawoyela ongahluziwe wamathani angama-220 ayizigidi ezingama-220 ngonyaka. Umthamo wokukhiqiza we-ethylene nohlelo lwe-propelene naye udlule amathani ayizigidi ezintathu ngonyaka kanye namathani ayizigidi eziyisishiyagalombili ngonyaka, ngokulandelana.
Imboni yokucwengisisa kawoyela esiFundazweni saseShandong yaqala ukukhula ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990s, noKenketi Petrochemical kokuba ngumhlaziyi wokuqala ozimele, olandelwa ukusungulwa kwe-Dongming Petrochemical Company). Kusukela ngo-2004, ama-revineries azimele esiFundazweni saseShandong angenele inkathi yokuthuthuka okusheshayo, futhi amabhizinisi amaningi acwengiweyo aqalile ukwakha nokusebenza. Amanye ala mabhizinisi atholakala ekubambisaneni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya, kanti amanye atholakala ekuhlanzeni nasekuguqulweni kwasendaweni.
Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2010, amabhizinisi wokuhlaziya uwoyela wendawo eShandong avunyelwa amabhizinisi aphethwe nguhulumeni, anamabhizinisi amaningi atholakala noma alawulwa ama-Hongrun Petrochemical, e-Haihuai, e-Shandong Huaxical, qhengheo petrochemical, qingdao I-Anbang, i-Jinan Great Wall Recoinery, iJinan Chemical Cliery Cliery, njll. Lokhu kusheshise ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezindawo zokucolisiswa zasendaweni.
I-3. Umkhiqizi omkhulu kunawo wonke wemikhiqizo yezemithi eChina: Isifundazwe saseJiangsu
IsiFundazwe saseJiangsu singumkhiqizi omkhulu kakhulu wemikhiqizo yezemithi eChina, futhi imboni yayo yokukhiqiza imithi yezemithi ingumthombo obalulekile we-GDP esifundazweni. Isifundazwe saseJiangsu sinenombolo enkulu yamabhizinisi embonini yezemithi eziphakathi, afinyelela ku-4067, okwenza kube indawo enkulu yokukhiqiza yezemithi eChina. Phakathi kwazo, i-Xuzhou City ingenye yamadolobha amakhulu okukhiqiza amakhambi esiFundazweni saseJiangsu, ehola amabhizinisi embonini yezemithi ehamba phambili anjengeJiangsu Endua, eJiangsu Wanbang, futhi cishe amabhizinisi acishe abe ngu-60 asezingeni eliphakeme emkhakheni wama-biopharmaceuticals. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Xuzhou City isungule amapulatifomu amane okucwaninga kwezinga lesizwe kanye nama-Professional Fields afana ne-tumor Bouterapy kanye nezokwelapha ukuthuthukiswa komsebenzi, kanye nezikhungo zentuthuko ezingaphezu kwama-70.
Iqembu le-Yangzijisijiang Phambanisa, eliseTaizhou, Jiangsu, lingelinye lamabhizinisi amakhulu okukhiqiza amakhambi esiFundazweni nakuZizwe. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, iphinde yakhanyisa kabusha uhlu oluphezulu lwe-100 lwemboni yezemithi yaseChina. Imikhiqizo yeqembu isemboza amasimu amaningi njengokutheleleka nge-anti, i-cardiovascular, i-stimuve, uhlelo lwezinzwa, futhi iningi lawo linokuqwashisa okuphezulu kanye nezimakethe zamakethe.
Ngamafuphi, imboni yokukhiqiza yezemithi esiFundazweni saseJiangsu ibamba isikhundla esibaluleke kakhulu eChina. Akuwona kuphela umkhiqizi omkhulu kakhulu wemikhiqizo yezemithi eChina, kodwa futhi nelinye lamabhizinisi amakhulu okukhiqiza amakhambi ezweni.
Umdwebo 2 ukusatshalaliswa komhlaba wonke kwamabhizinisi okukhiqiza amakhemikhali
Umthombo wedatha: Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Emboni Emboni

I-4. Umkhiqizi omkhulu weChina wamakhemikhali we-elekthronikhi: Isifundazwe saseGuangdong
Njengesisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwabasezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu eChina, esiFundazweni saseGuangdong sibuye saba yindawo yokukhiqiza yamakhemikhali ngobukhulu kagesi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-China. Lesi sikhundla siqhutshwa ikakhulu isidingo sabathengi esifundazweni saseGuangdong. Isifundazwe saseGuangdong siveza amakhulukhulu ezinhlobo zamakhemikhali kagesi, ngobubanzi bemikhiqizo ebanzi kanye nezinga eliphakeme kakhulu, izinkambu ezifana namakhemikhali amasha we-elekthronikhi, izinto zefilimu ezithambile, nezinto zokwakha amafulethi nge-elekthronikhi.
Ngokukhethekile, zhuhai zhulo electroniction materics Co, Ltd. ungumkhiqizi obalulekile wendwangu ye-elektroniki yeglasi ye-elektroniki, i-dielectric ye-diber ephansi, ne-ultrafine glass yarn. I-Changxin Resin (Guangdong) Co, Ltd ikakhulukazi ikhiqiza ikakhulukazi i-Electronic Badge Amino Resin, i-PTT, kanti neminye imikhiqizo, ngenkathi i-Zhuhai Changxian Technology Technology Co, Ltd. Lawa mabhizinisi amele amabhizinisi amele emkhakheni wamakhemikhali we-elekthronikhi esifundazweni saseGuangdong.
I-5. Indawo enkulu kunazo zonke ye-polyester fiber yendawo eChina: Isifundazwe saseZhejiang
Isifundazwe saseZhejiang yisizinda esikhulu kunazo zonke e-polyester fiber eChina, ngamabhizinisi okukhiqiza we-polyester chip kanye ne-polyester filament scale edlula amathani okukhiqizwa kwezigidi ezingama-30, ngonyaka, kanye namabhizinisi okukhiqiza ama-poplester angaphezu kwama-30, ngethawula lokukhiqiza eliphelele elidlula amathani / unyaka wezigidi ezingama-4,3. Ingenye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu ze-polyester zamakhemikhali zokukhiqiza eChina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunamabhizinisi amaningi aphansi wendwangu kanye namabhizinisi asesifundazweni saseZhejiang.
Amabhizinisi Amakhemikhali amele esifundazweni saseZhejiang afaka iqembu le-tongkun, iqembu leHengyi, iqembu le-Xinfengming, kanye ne-zhejiang Dushan Energy, phakathi kwabanye. Lawa mabhizinisi ngamabhizinisi amakhulu e-polyester ama-Chemical Production Enterprises eChina futhi akhule futhi akhula kusukela uZhejiang.
6
Isifundazwe saseShaanxi siyisikhungo esibalulekile semboni yamakhemikhali yamalahle aseChina kanye nesizinda esikhulu samakhemikhali samakhemikhali eChina. Ngokusho kwezibalo zedatha ezivela ePingTouge, isifundazwe sinamalahle angaphezu kwama-7 amabhizinisi okukhiqiza, ngesilinganiso sokukhiqiza samathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-4,5 ngonyaka. Ngasikhathi sinye, isilinganiso sokukhiqiza samalahle ku-Ethylene Glycol futhi sifinyelele amathani / ngonyaka wezigidi ezingama-2.6.
Umkhakha wamakhemikhali wamalahle esifundazweni saseShaanxi ugxile eYushen Industrial Park, okuyinto enkulu kunazo zonke yamakhemikhali amalahle eChina futhi aqoqa amabhizinisi amaningi okukhiqiza amakhemikhali. Phakathi kwazo, amabhizinisi amele maphakathi namalahle uYulin, Shaanxi yulin Energy Chemical, Pucheng Clean Energy, yulin Shenhua, njll.
7. I-China enkulu kakhulu yokukhiqiza amakhemikhali kasawoti: xinjiang
I-XINJIANG iyisizinda esikhulu kunazo zonke sokukhiqizwa kukasawoti eChina, esimelwe yi-XINJIANG ZHONGTAI CHEMICK. Umthamo wayo wokukhiqiza we-PVC ngu-1.72 million amathani / unyaka, okwenza kube yibhizinisi elikhulu kunawo wonke le-PVC eChina. Umthamo wayo wokukhiqiza we-caustic soda unamathani / ngonyaka wezigidi eziyi-1,47, futhi omkhulu kunabo bonke eChina. Izindawo ezibunjiswe usawoti eXinjiang zingamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-50, kwesibili esifundazweni saseQinghai kuphela. Usawoti weLake eXinjiang unebanga eliphakeme nekhwalithi enhle, elilungele ukucubungula okujulile nokucwengisisa, futhi ukhiqize imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali enosawoti engenye, njenge-sodium, i-magnesium, njll., Yiziphi izinto ezinhle kakhulu zokukhiqiza ezihlobene amakhemikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iLop Nur Salt Lake itholakala e-ruoqiang County enyakatho-mpumalanga yeTarim Basin, XINJIANG. Izinsizakusebenza ze-potash ezifakazelwe zingamathani ayizigidi ezingama-300, ezibalwa kwemali engaphezu kwengxenye yezinsizakusebenza ze-potash kazwelonke. Amabhizinisi amaningi amakhemikhali angenele i-XINJIANG ukuze aphenywe futhi akhethe ukutshala imali kumaphrojekthi wamakhemikhali. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu yinzuzo ephelele yezinsizakusebenza zezinto ezibonakalayo ze-Xinjiang, kanye nokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo okukhangayo okunikezwe yi-XINJIANG.
8. Isayithi Elikhulu Lokukhiqiza Elikhulu Kakhulu LaseChina: Chongqing
I-Chongqing iyisizinda esikhulu kunazo zonke semvelo segesi samakhemikhali eChina. Ngezinsizakusebenza eziningi ze-gesi zemvelo, zenze amaketanga amaningi emboni yamakhemikhali wemvelo wemvelo futhi abe yidolobha eliholayo lemvelo lemvelo eChina.
Indawo ebalulekile yokukhiqiza yemboni yamakhemikhali ye-Chongqing's yemvelo ye-Chongqing iyisifunda saseChangshou. Isifunda selulethe umfula ophansi wemboni yamakhemikhali yemvelo yemvelo enenzuzo yezinsizakusebenza eziluhlaza. Njengamanje, isifunda saseChangShou sikhiqize amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene wemvelo wegesi, njenge-acetylene, i-methanol, i-formaldehyde, i-polyoxymethylene, i-acetic acetate, i-polyvinyl alcohole, i-polyvinyl film, i-batch yegesi yemvelo Izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali zisakhiwa, njenge-BDO, amapulasitiki anenkani, i-spandex, i-NMP, i-carbon nanotubes, ama-lithium bettery solvents, njll.
Amabhizinisi amele ekwakhiweni kwemboni yamakhemikhali yemvelo yemvelo eChongqing afaka i-BASF, China izinsiza Chemical, kanye ne-China Chemical Houalu. Lawa mabhizinisi ahlanganyela ngenkuthalo ekwakhiweni kwemboni yamakhemikhali yemvelo yeChongqing, akhuthaze ubuchwepheshe nokusetshenziswa, futhi athuthukise ukuncintisana kanye nokusimama kwemboni yemvelo ye-Chongqing's Cheming yemvelo.
9. Isifundazwe esinenombolo enkulu yamapaki amakhemikhali eChina: Isifundazwe saseShandong
Isifundazwe saseShandong sinenombolo enkulu yamakamelo ezimboni eChina. Kunamapaki angaphezu kwe-1000 weleveli lesifundazwe kanye namakhemikhali e-China, kuyilapho inani lamapaki amakhemikhali esifundazweni saseShandong lidlula i-100. Ngokusho kwezidingo zikazwelonke zokungena kwamapaki wezimboni zamakhemikhali, indawo ye-Chemical Industrial Park iyinhloko indawo yokubutha yamabhizinisi amakhemikhali. Amapaki wezimboni zamakhemikhali esifundazweni saseShandong asatshalaliswa kakhulu emadolobheni afana nokwakhiwa kwamatshe, uZibo, uHifang, uHeze, phakathi kwawo okuvela kuwo, amabhizinisi aphezulu kakhulu wamakhemikhali.
Sekukonke, ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wamakhemikhali esifundazweni saseShandong kugxile kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngendlela yamapaki. Phakathi kwazo, amapaki amakhemikhali emadolobheni afana no-donging, uZibo, no-Weifang bathuthukiswa kakhulu futhi yizindawo eziphambili zokubuthana zemboni yamakhemikhali esifundazweni saseShandong.

Umdwebo 3 ukusatshalaliswa kwamapaki emboni yamakhemikhali asemqoka esiFundazweni saseShandong

I-10
Ngokwezici zokusabalalisa ze-phosphorus ore izinsiza, izinsizakusebenza ze-phosphorus ore zasatshalaliswa ezifundazweni ezinhlanu: Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei, noHun. Phakathi kwazo, ukulethwa kwe-phosphorus ore kulezi zifundazwe ezine zaseHubei, iSichuan, uGuizhou, noYunnan bahlangabezana nokufunwa kwezwe lonke, bathola iphethini eyisisekelo yokuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakusebenza ze-phosphorus "entshonalanga empumalanga ". Noma ngabe kususelwa kunombolo yamabhizinisi okukhiqiza ama-phosphate ore kanye nama-phoschides aphansi, noma isikhundla sokukhiqiza embonini yemboni yamakhemikhali ye-phosphate, i-Hubei yindawo yokukhiqiza eyinhloko yomkhakha wamakhemikhali we-phosphate we-phosphate.
Isifundazwe se-Hubei sinezinsizakusebenza eziningi ze-phosphate ore, ene-phosphate ore zigcinwe nge-accounting ka-30% yezinsizakusebenza zezwe lonke kanye nemininingwane yokukhiqiza ngo-40% yokukhiqizwa kwenani eliphelele. Ngokwemininingwane evela eMnyangweni Wezomnotho kanye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi wesiFundazwe saseHubei, ukukhiqizwa kwesifundazwe kwemikhiqizo emihlanu, kufaka phakathi umanyolo, umanyolo we-phosphate, nama-phosphates amahle, ama-phosphates amahle okuqala ezweni. Yisifundazwe sokuqala esikhulu embonini yezithombe eChina kanye nesizinda esikhulu kunazo zonke sokukhiqiza samakhemikhali amahle we-phosphate ezweni, ngesilinganiso samakhemikhali we-phosphate abiza ama-38.4% we-National isilinganiso sikazwelonke.
Amabhizinisi wokukhiqiza amakhemikhali wePhosphorus esifundazweni saseHubei afaka iqembu le-Xingfa, iHubei Yihua, neXinyangfeng. I-Xingfa Group iyibhizinisi elikhulu lamakhemikhali le-Sulfur Isilinganiso sokuthumela ngaphandle se-monoamonium phosphate esiFundazweni besilokhu sanda unyaka nonyaka. Ngo-2022, inani elithile le-monseamonium phosphate esifundazweni saseHubei lalingamathani angama-511000, elinesamba sokuthumela lama-dollar angama-452 ayisigidi saseMelika.