Emakethe yaseShayina, inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-MMA isithuthuke yaba cishe izinhlobo eziyisithupha, futhi lezi zinqubo zonke zenziwe ngezimboni.Nokho, isimo sokuncintisana se-MMA sihluka kakhulu phakathi kwezinqubo ezahlukene.

Njengamanje, kunezinqubo ezintathu zokukhiqiza ezijwayelekile ze-MMA:

Indlela ye-acetone cyanohydrin (indlela ye-ACH): Lena enye yezinqubo zokuqala zokukhiqiza zezimboni, ezinobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe nokusebenza okulula.

Indlela ye-ethylene carbonylation: Lena inqubo yokukhiqiza entsha enokusabela okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Indlela ye-Isobutene oxidation (indlela ye-C4): Lena inqubo yokukhiqiza esekelwe ku-oxidative dehydrogenation ye-butene, ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezitholakala kalula nezindleko eziphansi.

Ngokwesisekelo salezi zinqubo ezintathu, kunezinqubo ezintathu zokukhiqiza ezithuthukisiwe ngale ndlela elandelayo:

Indlela ye-ACH ethuthukisiwe: Ngokulungiselela izimo zokusabela kanye nemishini, isivuno nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kwathuthukiswa.

Indlela ye-ace acetic acid: Le nqubo isebenzisa i-acetic acid njengempahla eluhlaza, futhi akukho ukukhishwa kwemfucuza emithathu ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, okuyenza ivumelane nemvelo.

Izinqubo ze-BASF kanye ne-Lucite, ezimelelwe ikakhulukazi igama lebhizinisi, zenze intuthuko eyingqayizivele yezobuchwepheshe ngokusekelwe ezicini zamabhizinisi abo, ngokucaciswa okuphezulu kanye nezinzuzo zokuncintisana.

Njengamanje, lezi zinqubo eziyisithupha zokukhiqiza zonke sezizuze ukukhiqizwa kwamayunithi anesilinganiso samathani ayi-10000 noma ngaphezulu eShayina.Nokho, ukuncintisana phakathi kwezinqubo ezahlukene kuyahluka kakhulu ngenxa yezinto ezifana nezici zabo kanye nezindleko.Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe nokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe, isimo sokuncintisana salezi zinqubo zokukhiqiza singashintsha.

Ngasikhathi sinye, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ngoSepthemba 2022, iyunithi yokubonisa izimboni ye-10000 ton acetic acid esekwe kumalahle kuphrojekthi ye-methyl methacrylate (MMA) eyakhiwe ngokuzimela yi-Institute of Process Engineering ye-Chinese Academy of Sciences. iqale ngempumelelo futhi yasebenza ngokuzinzile, futhi imikhiqizo yayisezingeni eliphezulu.Lolu cingo luyi-methanol acetic acid yokuqala emhlabeni esekwe emalahleni ukuya kudivayisi yokubonisa yezimboni ye-MMA, efinyelela ukuguqulwa kokukhiqizwa kwasekhaya kwe-methyl methacrylate kusukela ekuthembeleni kuphela ku-petroleum izinto zokusetshenziswa zokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisekelwe emalahleni.

Ngenxa yoshintsho lwendawo eqhudelanayo, indawo yokuhlinzeka nesidingo semikhiqizo ye-MMA ishintshile, futhi inkambiso yamanani ibonisa ukuguquguquka okuncane.Eminyakeni emibili edlule, intengo ephakeme kakhulu yemakethe ye-MMA e-China ifinyelele ku-14014 yuan/ton, futhi intengo ephansi cishe icishe ibe ngu-10000 yuan/ton.Kusukela ngo-Agasti 2023, intengo yemakethe ye-MMA yehlele ku-11500 yuan/ton.Umkhiqizo omele kakhulu ezansi nomfula yi-PMMA, ebonise ukuguquguquka okubuthakathaka kwezintengo zemakethe eminyakeni emibili edlule, ngentengo ephezulu engu-17560 yuan/ton kanye nenani elincane elingu-14625 yuan/ton.Kusukela ngo-Agasti 2023, intengo evamile yemakethe yase-China ye-PMMA yehla ngo-14600 yuan/ton.Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi imikhiqizo yasekhaya ye-PMMA ikakhulukazi isezingeni eliphakathi nephezulu, izinga lentengo lemikhiqizo liphansi kunalelo lemakethe ethengwa kwamanye amazwe.

1.Ngaphandle kokucabangela iyunithi ye-acetic acid MMA, inqubo yokukhiqiza i-ethylene MMA ibe nokuncintisana okuqine kakhulu eminyakeni emibili edlule.

Eminyakeni emibili edlule, inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-MMA esekwe ku-ethylene inokuncintisana okuqine kakhulu emakethe yaseShayina.Ngokwezibalo, izindleko zokukhiqiza ze-ethylene esekelwe i-MMA ziphansi kakhulu futhi ukuncintisana kwayo kunamandla kakhulu.Ngo-2020, izindleko ezicatshangelwayo ze-MMA esekelwe ku-ethylene zazingu-5530 yuan ngethani, kanti ngoJanuwari Julayi 2023, izindleko ezimaphakathi zazingu-6088 yuan ngethani.Ngokuphambene, indlela ye-BASF inezindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza, enezindleko ze-MMA ezingama-yuan angu-10765 ngethani ngo-2020 kanye nezindleko ezimaphakathi zamayuan angu-11081 ngethani kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-August 2023.

Lapho sihlola ukuncintisana kwezinqubo ezihlukene zokukhiqiza, sidinga ukunaka umehluko ekusetshenzisweni kweyunithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa zezinqubo ezahlukene.Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe zendlela ye-ethylene yi-0.35 ethylene, 0.84 methanol, kanye ne-0.38 synthesis gas, kuyilapho indlela ye-BASF iyindlela ye-ethylene, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwe-ethylene ngu-0.429, ukusetshenziswa kwe-methanol yi-0.387, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-synthesis gas 662 cubic metres.Lo mehluko uthinta izindleko zokukhiqiza kanye nokuncintisana kwezinqubo ezahlukene.

Ngokusekelwe ezilinganisweni zezindleko eminyakeni embalwa edlule, izinga lokuncintisana kwe-MMA ezinqubweni ezehlukene yileli: indlela ye-ethylene>Indlela ye-C4>indlela ye-ACH ethuthukisiwe>Indlela ye-ACH>Indlela ye-Lucite>Indlela ye-BASF.Lesi simo sithonywa kakhulu umehluko wobunjiniyela bomphakathi phakathi kwezinqubo ezahlukene.

Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe nokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe, isimo sokuncintisana sezinqubo ezahlukene singashintsha.Ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kokucabangela idivayisi ye-acetic acid MMA, i-ethylene MMA kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokugcina inzuzo yayo yokuncintisana.

2.Indlela ye-acetic acid i-MMA kulindeleke ukuthi ibe indlela yokukhiqiza enokuncintisana kakhulu

I-Institute of Process Engineering ye-Chinese Academy of Sciences ithuthukise ngempumelelo imboni yokubonisa imboni ye-MMA esekelwe emalahleni yokuqala emhlabeni i-methanol acetic acid.Isitshalo sithatha i-methanol ne-acetic acid njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, futhi ngezinqubo ze-aldol condensation, i-hydrogenation, njll., ibona ukukhiqizwa okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kwemikhiqizo ye-MMA.Le nqubo inokuqhubeka okusobala, akuyona nje inqubo emfushane, kodwa futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa zivela kumalahle, anenzuzo yezindleko ezisobala.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Xinjiang Zhongyou Puhui Technology Co., Ltd. ihlela ukufakwa kwezimboni ngezinga elikhulu lamathani ayi-110000/ngonyaka, okuzoqhubekisela phambili ukugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-MMA yaseChina.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ze-MMA ezisekelwe ku-petroleum, inqubo ye-MMA esekelwe ku-acetic acid ihambisana nemvelo futhi inenzuzo kwezomnotho, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ibe isiqondiso esibalulekile sentuthuko yemboni ye-MMA yesikhathi esizayo.

3.Kunomehluko omkhulu ezisindweni zomthelela wezindleko zezinqubo ezahlukene

Kunomehluko omkhulu ezisindweni zomthelela wezindleko zezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezihlukene ze-MMA, futhi izisindo zomthelela zezinto ezihlukene ezindlekweni ziyahlukahluka kuye ngobuchwepheshe benqubo.

Ku-ACH MMA, izinguquko zentengo ze-acetone, i-methanol, ne-acrylonitrile zinomthelela omkhulu ezindlekweni zayo.Phakathi kwazo, izinguquko zentengo ye-acetone zinomthelela omkhulu ezindlekweni, zifinyelela ku-26%, kanti izinguquko zentengo ye-methanol ne-acrylonitrile zithinta u-57% no-18% wezindleko, ngokulandelana.Ngokuphambene, izindleko ze-methanol zenza cishe u-7%.Ngakho-ke, ocwaningweni lochungechunge lwenani le-ACH MMA, ukunakwa okwengeziwe kufanele kukhokhwe ekushintsheni kwezindleko ze-acetone.

Ngendlela ye-C4 ye-MMA, i-isobutylene ye-high-purity yizindleko eziguquguqukayo ezinkulu, ezibalela cishe u-58% wezindleko ze-MMA.I-Methanol yenza cishe u-6% wezindleko ze-MMA.Ukushintshashintsha kwentengo ye-isobutene kunomthelela omkhulu ezindlekweni zendlela ye-C4 ye-MMA.

Ku-MMA esekelwe ku-ethylene, ukusetshenziswa kweyunithi ye-ethylene kubala ngaphezu kuka-85% wezindleko ze-MMA zale nqubo, okuwumthelela wezindleko oyinhloko.Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iningi le-ethylene likhiqizwa njengethuluzi elizikhiqizayo elisekelayo, futhi ukukhokha kwangaphakathi kuncike kakhulu ekukhokhweni kwezindleko.Ngakho-ke, izinga lokuncintisana kwethiyori le-ethylene lingase lingabi phezulu njengezinga langempela lokuncintisana.

Kafushane, kunomehluko omkhulu ezisindweni zomthelela zezinto ezihlukene ezindlekweni zezinqubo ezihlukene zokukhiqiza ze-MMA, futhi ukuhlaziya kudinga ukwenziwa ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe bezinqubo ezithile.

4.Iyiphi inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-MMA ezoba nezindleko eziphansi kakhulu esikhathini esizayo?

Ngaphansi kwesimo samanje sobuchwepheshe, izinga lokuncintisana le-MMA ezinqubweni ezihlukene esikhathini esizayo lizothinteka kakhulu ukushintsha kwezintengo zempahla eluhlaza.Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza ze-MMA ezimbalwa eziyinhloko zifaka i-MTBE, i-methanol, i-acetone, i-sulfuric acid, ne-ethylene.Le mikhiqizo ingathengwa noma ihlinzekwe ngaphakathi, kuyilapho igesi yokwenziwa, ama-catalyst kanye nezinto ezisizayo, i-hydrocyanic acid, i-hydrogen engahluziwe, njll. kunqunyelwe ukuthi izihlinzekele yona futhi nentengo ihlala ingashintshile.

Phakathi kwazo, intengo ye-MTBE ilandela kakhulu ukushintsha kwemikhuba yemakethe kawoyela ocolisisiwe, futhi intengo kawoyela ocolisisiwe ihlobene eduze nentengo kawoyela ongahluziwe.Ngokwesisekelo sokubukeka okuhle kwamanani entengo kawoyela esikhathini esizayo, amanani e-MTBE kulindeleke ukuthi akhombise ukukhuphuka, futhi umkhuba olindelekile wokukhuphuka unamandla kunowoyela ongahluziwe.Intengo ye-methanol emakethe iyashintshashintsha ngokuya ngezintengo zamalahle, futhi ukunikezwa kwesikhathi esizayo kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke ukukhuphuka kakhulu.Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwemodeli yochungechunge lwezimboni kuzoholela ekwenyukeni kwamazinga okuzisebenzisa, futhi intengo ye-methanol yempahla emakethe kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokukhuphuka.

Imvelo yokuhlinzeka nesidingo emakethe ye-acetone iyawohloka, futhi ukwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi amasha kusetshenziswa indlela ye-ACH kuyavinjwa, futhi ukushintshashintsha kwentengo yesikhathi eside kungase kungabi namandla uma kuqhathaniswa.I-ethylene inikezwa kakhulu ngaphakathi futhi inokuncintisana okuqinile kwentengo.

Ngakho-ke, ngokusekelwe esimweni samanje sobuchwepheshe kanye nokushintshashintsha kwamanani entengo yezinto ezingavuthiwe, kusekhona ukungaqiniseki ngokuthi iyiphi inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-MMA ezoba nezindleko eziphansi kakhulu esikhathini esizayo.Kodwa-ke, kungabonwa kusengaphambili ukuthi esimweni sokukhuphuka kwentengo kawoyela namalahle esikhathini esizayo, izintengo zezinto zokusetshenziswa njenge-methanol ne-MTBE nazo kulindeleke ukuthi zikhuphuke, okungase kube nomthelela omkhulu ezingeni lokuncintisana le-MMA ezinqubweni ezihlukene.Ukuze kugcinwe ukuncintisana, abakhiqizi bangase badinge ukufuna amashaneli wokuhlinzeka ngezinto ezingavuthiwe ezongayo futhi ezisebenza kahle, kuyilapho beqinisa ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuqanjwa okusha kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Isifinyezo

Izinga lokuncintisana lezinqubo ezihlukene ze-MMA e-China esikhathini esizayo kulindeleke ukuthi liqhubeke liqinile kunqubo ye-ethylene, kulandelwa inqubo ye-ACH esekela iyunithi ye-acrylonitrile, bese kuba inqubo ye-C4.Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, amabhizinisi azothuthuka ngendlela yochungechunge lwezimboni, okuzoba indlela yokuncintisana kakhulu yokusebenza ngemikhiqizo ebiza kancane kanye ne-downstream esekela i-PMMA noma eminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali.

Isizathu sokuthi kungani indlela ye-ethylene kulindeleke ukuthi ihlale iqinile kungenxa yokutholakala okuqinile kwe-ethylene yayo eluhlaza, ebangela ingxenye ephezulu kakhulu yezindleko zokukhiqiza ze-MMA.Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi i-ethylene eningi inikezwa ngaphakathi, futhi izinga layo lokuncintisana ngokwethiyori lingase lingabi phezulu njengezinga langempela lokuncintisana.

Indlela ye-ACH inokuncintisana okuqinile uma ibhangqwe neyunithi ye-acrylonitrile, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi i-isobutylene ephezulu yokuhlanzeka njenge-akhawunti yempahla eluhlaza enkulu yezindleko ze-MMA, kuyilapho indlela ye-ACH ingakhiqiza i-isobutylene ephezulu njenge-byproduct, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise izindleko. .

Ukuncintisana kwezinqubo ezifana nendlela ye-C4 ibuthakathaka uma kuqhathaniswa, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuguquguquka okuphawulekayo kwentengo yempahla yayo eluhlaza i-isobutane ne-acrylonitrile, kanye nengxenye ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa ye-isobutane ezindlekweni zokukhiqiza ze-MMA.

Sekukonke, indlela yokusebenza encintisana kakhulu yochungechunge lwemboni ye-MMA esikhathini esizayo kuzoba ngeyezinkampani ukuthi zithuthuke ngemodeli yochungechunge lwezimboni, ngemikhiqizo ebiza kancane kanye ne-downstream esekela i-PMMA noma eminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali.Lokhu akukwazi ukunciphisa kuphela izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi kuthuthukise ukuncintisana komkhiqizo, kodwa futhi kuhlangabezane kangcono nesidingo semakethe.