Emakethe yaseChina, inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-MMA isungule cishe izinhlobo eziyisithupha, futhi lezi zinqubo zonke zithuthuke. Kodwa-ke, isimo sokuncintisana se-MMA siyahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezinqubo ezahlukene.

Njengamanje, kunezindlela ezintathu zokukhiqiza ezijwayelekile ze-MMA:

Indlela ye-Acetone CyanohyDrin (Indlela ye-ACH): Lokhu kungenye yezindlela zokuqala zokukhiqiza ezithuthukile, nobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe kanye nokusebenza okulula.

Indlela ye-ethylene carbonylation: Le yinqubo entsha yokukhiqiza ngokusebenza okuphezulu okusebenzayo kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Indlela ye-isobitene oxidation (C4 indlela): Le yinqubo yokukhiqiza esekelwe kuma-dehydrogenation we-oxidative of butene, onezinto zokwakha ezikhona kalula nezindleko eziphansi.

Ngokwesisekelo salezi zinqubo ezintathu, kunezindlela ezintathu zokukhiqiza ezithuthukisiwe ngale ndlela elandelayo:

Indlela Ethuthukisiwe ye-ACH: Ngokusizakala ngemibandela yokuphendula kanye nemishini, isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo yathuthukiswa.

I-Ice acetic acid indlela: Le nqubo isebenzisa i-acetic acetic acid e-Ice acetic njengento eluhlaza, futhi akukho okukhishwe imfucumfucu emithathu ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, okwenza kube nobungani.

Inqubo ye-BASF neLucite, ebikaze ikakhulukazi ngegama lebhizinisi, ithuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlukile ngokususelwa kwizici zamabhizinisi abo afanele, ngokucaciswa okuphezulu kanye nezinzuzo eziphakeme.

Njengamanje, lezi zinqubo zokukhiqiza eziyisithupha zonke zithole ukukhiqizwa kwamayunithi ngesilinganiso samathani ayi-100 noma ngaphezulu eChina. Kodwa-ke, umncintiswano phakathi kwezinqubo ezahlukahlukene uhluka kakhulu ngenxa yezici ezifana nezimpawu nezindleko zazo. Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko yemakethe, isimo sokuncintisana salezi zinqubo zokukhiqiza singashintsha.

Ngasikhathi sinye, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ngoSepthemba 2022, iyunithi yokubukisa yezimboni ye-10000 tow methanol ancetic acid kuya ku-methyl methacrlate (MMA) Project eqiniswe ngokuzimele i-Institute of Proces Academy of the Chinese Academy of Sciencem of Sciences of Complate Academy of Academy of Comploent Academy of the China waqala ngempumelelo futhi wasebenza ngokuqinile, futhi imikhiqizo yayingaphezulu. Le divayisi iyi-Acid yokuqala ye-Methanol acetic acid kwidivaysi yokubukisa ye-MMA Industrial, ukufeza ukuguqulwa kwe-methyl methacrylate yokukhiqiza kusuka ekuncikelweni izinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-petroleum ukusebenzisa izinto ezingavuthiwe zamalahle.

Ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwemvelo yokuncintisana, ukuhlinzekwa kanye nemvelo yemvelo yemikhiqizo ye-MMA sekushintshile, futhi umkhuba wentengo ukhombisa ukuguquguquka okunciphayo. Eminyakeni emibili edlule, intengo yemakethe ephezulu kakhulu ye-MMA eChina ifinyelele ku-14014 yuan / ton, futhi intengo ephansi kakhulu icishe ibe yi-10000 yuan / ton. Ngokusukela ngo-Agasti 2023, intengo yemakethe ye-MMA yehle yaya ku-11500 yuan / ton. Umkhiqizo omele ummeli we-Downstream yi-PMMA, ekhombisile ukuguquguquka okubuthakathaka ngamanani emakethe eminyakeni emibili edlule, ngentengo ephezulu ye-17560 yuan / ithoni. Ngokusukela ngo-Agasti 2023, inani elijwayelekile lemakethe ye-Chinese PMMA liguqulwa ngo-14600 yuan / ton. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi imikhiqizo ye-PMMA yasekhaya ikakhulukazi ibe mina maphakathi nemikhiqizo ephansi, izinga lentengo lemikhiqizo liphansi kunaleyo yemakethe engenisiwe.

1.Ngaphandle kokubheka i-acetic acid MMA unit, inqubo yokukhiqiza i-ethylene mma ibe nokuncintisana okunamandla kakhulu eminyakeni emibili edlule.

Eminyakeni emibili edlule, inqubo esekelwe e-Ethylene esekelwe ekukhiqizeni inamandla amakhulu emakethe yaseChina. Ngokusho kwezibalo, izindleko zokukhiqiza ze-EthLene based MMA ziphansi kakhulu futhi ukuncintisana kwazo kunamandla. Ngo-2020, izindleko zethiyori ze-Ethylene ezisekelwe ku-MMA zazingama-5530 yuan ngethani ngalinye, ngenkathi kuthi ngoJanuwari Julayi 2023, izindleko ezijwayelekile zazingu-6088 yuan ngethani. Ngokuphambene nalokho, indlela ye-BASF inezindleko eziphezulu kakhulu zokukhiqiza, ngemali ye-MMA ye-10765 yuan ngethani ngalinye ngonyaka ka-2020 kanye nezindleko ezimaphakathi ze-11081 yuan ngethani ngethani ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Agasti 2023.

Lapho sihlola ukuncintisana kwezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza, sidinga ukunaka umehluko ekusetshenzisweni kweyunithi kwezinto zokwakha ezihlukile. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo zendlela ye-ethylene kungu-0.35 we-ethylene, no-0.84 Methanol, kanti i-0.38 synthesis igesi, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwe-baslene kuyindlela engu-0.429, ukusetshenziswa kwegesi ye-methanol, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwegesi ye-synthesis kuyinto Amamitha ayi-662 cubic. Lo mehluko uthinta izindleko zokukhiqiza kanye nokuncintisana kwezinqubo ezahlukahlukene.

Based on cost estimates over the past few years, the ranking of MMA competitiveness for different processes is: ethylene method>C4 method>improved ACH method>ACH method>Lucite method>BASF method. Lesi simo sithonywa ikakhulu umehluko ebunjiniyela bomphakathi phakathi kwezinqubo ezahlukene.

Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko yemakethe, isimo sokuncintisana sezinqubo ezahlukahlukene singashintsha. Ikakhulu ngaphandle kokubheka i-acetic acid MMA device, i-ethylene mma kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokugcina inzuzo yayo yokuncintisana.

2.Indlela ye-Acetic Acid MMA kulindeleke ukuthi ibe yindlela yokuncintisana kakhulu yokukhiqiza

I-Institute of Process Engineering ye-Chinese Academy of Science sethuthukise ngempumelelo isitshalo sokubukisa se-methanol acetic acetic emhlabeni we-acetic emhlabeni. Lesi sitshalo sithatha i-methanol ne-acetic acid njengezinto zokwakha eziluhlaza, futhi ngezinqubo ze-aldol condensation, i-hydrogenation, njll., Ibona ukukhiqizwa okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kwemikhiqizo ye-MMA. Le nqubo inokuthuthuka okusobala, hhayi kuphela inqubo kuphela efushane, kodwa futhi nezinto zokwakha ezivuthiwe zivela kumalahle, anenzuzo yezindleko ezisobala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-XInjiang Zhongyou Puhuhui Technology Co, Ltd. ihlela ukufakwa kwezimboni ezinkulu zamathani ayi-110000 amathani / unyaka, okuzothuthukisa ukuthuthuka nokuthuthukiswa komkhakha we-MMA waseChina. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubo ze-Petroleum ezisuselwa kwe-Petroleum ze-MMA, inqubo esekelwe e-acetic acid ye-MMA inobungane ngokwemvelo futhi inzuzo yezomnotho, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ibe yindlela ebalulekile yentuthuko embonini yesikhathi esizayo.

3.Kunokwehluka okukhulu ezilinganisweni zezindleko zezindleko zezinqubo ezahlukahlukene

Kunokwehluka okuphawuleka kwimithelela yezindleko zezindleko zezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza ze-MMA, kanye nesisindo somthelela wezinto ezahlukahlukene ngezindleko ezahlukahlukene ziyahlukahluka ngobuchwepheshe bezinqubo.

Ku-ACH MMA, izinguquko zentengo ze-acetone, i-methanol kanye ne-acrylonitritele zinomthelela omkhulu ezindlekweni zawo. Phakathi kwazo, izinguquko zentengo ze-acetone zinomthelela omkhulu kakhulu kwizindleko, zifinyelela ama-26%, ngenkathi izinguquko ze-methanol kanye ne-acrylonitrile zithinta ama-57% nezindleko ze-18%, ngokulandelana. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izindleko ze-methanol zingama-akhawunti acishe abe ngu-7%. Ngakho-ke, ekufundweni kwenani lentengo yenani le-ACH MMA, ukunakwa okwengeziwe kudinga ukukhokhelwa kuzindleko zezindleko ze-acetone.

Nge-C4 Indlela ye-MMA, i-asylene ephezulu yokuhlanza yi-accoutylene iyizindleko ezinkulu kakhulu eziguquguqukayo, accounting cishe ama-58% wezindleko ze-MMA. I-Methanol ibala cishe ama-6% wezindleko ze-MMA. Ukushintshashintsha kwentengo ye-isobitene kunethonya elikhulu kwizindleko ze-C4 Way MMA.

Kwa-Ethylene based MMA, ukusetshenziswa kweyunithi yama-ethylene andisa ngaphezu kwama-85% wezindleko ze-MMA yale nqubo, okuyithonya lezindleko ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iningi le-ethylene likhiqizwa njengemishini yokuxhasa ngokwakho, kanye nokuhlala kwangaphakathi kususelwa ekuxazululeni kwentengo yezindleko. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokuncintisana kwe-theoretical athylene kungenzeka lingabi phezulu njengezinga langempela lokuncintisana.

Ngamafuphi, kunomehluko obalulekile kwisisindo sethonya lezinto ezahlukahlukene ngezindleko ezinhlanganweni ezahlukahlukene ze-MMA, futhi ukuhlaziya kudinga ukwenziwa ngokususelwa kubuchwepheshe obuthile senqubo.

4.Iyiphi inqubo ye-MMA Production ezoba nezindleko eziphansi kakhulu ngokuzayo?

Ngaphansi kwesimo sezobuchwepheshe samanje, izinga lokuncintisana le-MMA ngezinqubo ezahlukahlukene ngokuzayo lizothinteka kakhulu ekushintshashintsheni kwamanani entengo eluhlaza. Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezisetshenziswa ezinqubweni ezimbalwa zokukhiqiza ze-MMA zifaka phakathi uMtbe, Methanol, Acetone, Sulfuric Acid, ne-Ethylene. Le mikhiqizo ingathengwa noma ihlinzekwe ngaphakathi, ngenkathi zokwenziwa igesi, ama-catalysts kanye nezinto zokwakha, i-hydrocyanic acid, i-hydrogen enzima, njll. I-Hydrogen, njll.

Phakathi kwazo, intengo ye-MTBE ngokuyinhloko ilandela ukuguquguquka kwezitayela zemakethe ecwengekile kawoyela, futhi intengo kawoyela ecwengekile ihlobene kakhulu nentengo kawoyela ongahluziwe. Esisekelweni sombono we-bullish wamanani entengo yesikhathi esizayo, amanani entengo e-MTBE nawo kulindeleke ukuthi abonise umkhuba ophakeme, futhi inkambiso ephezulu kakhulu ephakeme inamandla kunamafutha aluhlaza. Intengo ye-methanol emakethe iyashintshashintsha ngokuthambekela kwamanani entengo yamalahle, futhi ukuhlinzekwa kwesikhathi esizayo kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke ukukhuphuka kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwemodeli ye-Industrial Chain Model kuzoholela ekwandeni kwamazinga okusetshenziswa kokuzisebenzisa, futhi intengo ye-Methanol ye-Methanol emakethe kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokukhuphuka.

Ukuhlinzekwa kwemvelo kanye nemvelo ye-acetone kuyawohloka, futhi ukwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi amasha asebenzisa indlela ye-ach kuyaphazamisa, futhi ukuguquguquka kwentengo yesikhathi eside kungahle kube buthakathaka. I-Ethylene ihlinzekwa kakhulu ngaphakathi futhi inokuncintisana kwentengo okuqinile.

Ngakho-ke, ngokuya ngesimo samanje sobuchwepheshe kanye nokuguquguquka kwezimo zamanani entengo avusekayo, kusenokungaqiniseki okuthile ngokuthi inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-MMA izoba nezindleko eziphansi kakhulu ngokuzayo. Kodwa-ke, kungabonakala kusengaphambili ukuthi ngokwesimo sentengo yamafutha esizayo nokwenyuka kwamalahle akhuphuka, amanani entengo yezinto ezingavuthiwe njenge-methanol kanye ne-MTBE kulindeleke ukuthi akhuphuke, angaba nomthelela omkhulu kwinqanaba lokuncintisana lezinqubo ezihlukile. Ukuze ulondoloze ukuncintisana, abakhiqizi bangadinga ukufuna iziteshi ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziswayo zezomnotho nezisebenzayo, ngenkathi kuqinisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokwenza izinto ezintsha zokukhiqiza ukuze kuthuthukise izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Ukubeka kafushane

Izinga lokuncintisana kwezindlela ezahlukahlukene ze-MMA eChina esikhathini esizayo kulindeleke ukuthi ziqhubeke ziqinile kwinqubo ye-ethylene, zilandelwe yinqubo ye-ACH zisekela iyunithi ye-acrylonitrile, bese inqubo ye-C4. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, amabhizinisi azokhula emodeli ye-chain yezimboni, okuzoba yimodi yokuncintisana kakhulu yokusebenza ngemikhiqizo enezindleko eziphansi kanye ne-Downstream Proftep PMMA noma eminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali.

Isizathu esenza ukuthi indlela ye-ethylene kulindeleke ukuthi ihlale iqinile kungenxa yokutholakala okuqinile kwezinto zayo ezisetshenziswayo ethylene, okubangela inani eliphakeme kakhulu lezindleko ze-MMA. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuboniswe ukuthi iningi le-ethylene linikezwa ngaphakathi, futhi izinga layo lokuncintisana le-theretical kungenzeka lingabi phezulu njengezinga langempela lokuncintisana.

Indlela ye-ACH inokuncintisana okuqinile lapho ibhanqwe yiyunithi e-acrylonitrile, ikakhulukazi ngoba ama-akhawuntini aphezulu ahlanzekile e-akhawuntini enkulu yezindleko ze-MMA, ngenkathi indlela ye-ACH evuthayo .

Ukuncintisana kwezinqubo ezinjengendlela ye-C4 kubuthakathaka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kwamanani okuguquguqukayo kwezinto zayo ezingavuthiwe okusetshenziselwa i-asrylonitrile, kanye nengxenye ephansi ye-isobitane izindleko zokukhiqiza.

Sekukonke, imodi yokusebenza yokuncintisana kakhulu ye-MMA Ikhava Yezimboni ngokuzayo izoba ngamabhizinisi ukuthuthukisa kwimodeli ye-Industrial Chain, ngokusebenzisa imikhiqizo ephansi ye-PMMA noma eminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali. Lokhu akukwazi ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza kuphela futhi kuthuthukise ukuncintisana komkhiqizo, kepha futhi kuhlangane kangcono nesidingo semakethe.