Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-China iye yasheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezisafufusa ezinamasu njengobuchwepheshe bolwazi lwesizukulwane esisha, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini esezingeni eliphezulu, namandla amasha, futhi yaqalisa amaphrojekthi amakhulu emnothweni kazwelonke nokwakhiwa kwezokuvikela.Imboni entsha yezinto zokwakha idinga ukuhlinzeka ngosekelo nesiqiniseko, futhi indawo yentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yemboni yezinto zokwakha inkulu.Ngokwezibalo, inani lomkhiqizo wemboni yezinto ezintsha zaseShayina lenyuke lisuka cishe ku-1 trillion yuan ngo-2012 laya ku-6.8 trillion ngo-2022, nokukhula kwesikali cishe izikhathi eziyisi-6 kanye nezinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe elingaphezu kwama-20%.Inani lomkhiqizo wemboni entsha yezinto zokwakha yaseChina kulindeleke ukuthi lifinyelele ku-10 trillion yuan ngo-2025.

1. Uhlolojikelele Lwemboni Yezinto Ezintsha

Izinto ezintsha zibhekisela ezintweni ezisanda kuthuthukiswa noma ezakhayo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezinto ezisebenzayo ezinezakhiwo ezikhethekile.Ngokwemihlahlandlela Yokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yezinto Ezintsha, izinto ezintsha zihlukaniswa kakhulu zibe izigaba ezintathu: izinto eziyisisekelo ezithuthukisiwe, izinto zamasu ezibalulekile, kanye nezinto ezintsha ezihamba phambili.Isigaba ngasinye sihlanganisa nezinkambu ezincanyana ezithile zezinto ezintsha, ezinobubanzi obubanzi.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto ezintsha

I-China ibheka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni entsha yezinto zokwakha futhi ilandele ngokulandelana kwayo njengemboni kazwelonke yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kanye nemboni yamasu abalulekile ekhulayo.Kwakhiwe amapulani amaningi nezinqubomgomo ukuze kugqugquzelwe ngamandla ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimpahla ezintsha, futhi isimo samasu embonini yezimpahla ezintsha siyaqhubeka nokukhula.Umdwebo olandelayo ubonisa imephu entsha yezinto yoHlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-14 Lweminyaka Emihlanu:

Kamuva, izifundazwe namadolobha amaningi asethule izinhlelo zentuthuko nezinqubomgomo ezikhethekile ukukhuthaza nokweseka ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimpahla ezintsha.

2.Imboni yezinto ezintsha

◾Isakhiwo seketango lezimboni

Ukukhuphuka kochungechunge lwezimboni zezinto ezintsha kuhlanganisa izinto zensimbi, izinto zensimbi ezingezona ayoni, izinto zamakhemikhali, izinto zokwakha, izindwangu, njll. Izinto ezintsha ezisetshenziswayo zihlukaniswe kakhulu zibe izigaba ezintathu: izinto eziyisisekelo ezithuthukisiwe, izinto ezibalulekile zamasu, nokusika. -umphetho izinto ezintsha.Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifika ezansi zihlanganisa ulwazi lwe-elekthronikhi, izimoto ezintsha zamandla, ukongiwa kwamandla nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, imboni yemishini yasendlini, imishini yezokwelapha, i-aerospace, imishini yendwangu, izimboni zokwakha kanye namakhemikhali, njll.

Imephu Yochungechunge Olusha Lomkhakha Wezinto Zokusebenza

◾ukusatshalaliswa kwesikhala

Imboni entsha yezinto zokwakha yaseShayina yenze imodeli yokuthuthukisa iqoqo, egxile e-Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta, kanye nePearl River Delta, kanye nokusatshalaliswa okuvelele kwamaqoqo ezimboni esifundeni saseNyakatho-mpumalanga nePhakathi nesaseNtshonalanga.

◾Isimo semboni

Imboni entsha yezinto zokwakha ezweni lethu yenze iphethini yokuncintisana yezigaba ezintathu.Isigaba sokuqala ikakhulukazi sakhiwe ngamabhizinisi axhaswe ngemali yakwamanye amazwe, nezinkampani zaseMelika ezihamba phambili.Izinkampani zaseJapan zinezinzuzo emikhakheni efana namananomaterials kanye nezinto zolwazi zikagesi, kuyilapho izinkampani zase-Europe zinezinzuzo ezisobala ezintweni zesakhiwo, i-optics, nezinto ze-optoelectronic.Isigaba sesibili sakhiwe ikakhulukazi amabhizinisi ahamba phambili, amelwe izinkampani ezifana ne-Wanhua Chemical kanye ne-TCL Central.Ngezinqubomgomo zikazwelonke ezivumayo kanye nempumelelo kubuchwepheshe bezinga eliphezulu, amabhizinisi ahamba phambili e-China kancane kancane asondela esigabeni sokuqala.Isigaba sesithathu sakhiwe ikakhulukazi inani elikhulu lamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi, ikakhulukazi asebenzisa izinto eziyisisekelo ezithuthukisiwe, ezinokuncintisana okukhulu.

Isimo sokuncintisana samabhizinisi embonini yezinto ezintsha zaseChina

3.Isimo sokuncintisana somhlaba

Izinkampani ezintsha embonini yezinto ezintsha zingamazwe athuthukile nezifunda ezifana ne-United States, Japan, kanye ne-Europe, ezinezinkampani eziningi ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinzuzo eziphelele ngamandla omnotho, ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo, amakhono okucwaninga kanye nentuthuko, isabelo semakethe. , nezinye izici.Phakathi kwazo, i-United States iyizwe elihamba phambili eliphelele, i-Japan inezinzuzo emkhakheni we-nanomaterials, izinto zolwazi lwe-elekthronikhi, njll.I-China, i-South Korea, ne-Russia zisemuva kakhulu futhi okwamanje zingaphansi kwesigaba sesibili emhlabeni.I-China inezinzuzo zokuqhathanisa ekukhanyeni kwe-semiconductor, izinto zikazibuthe zomhlaba ezingavamile, izinto zekristalu yokwenziwa, iNingizimu Korea ezintweni zokubonisa, izinto zokugcina, kanye neRussia ezintweni ze-aerospace.Ngokombono wemakethe entsha yezinto zokwakha, iNyakatho Melika kanye ne-Europe njengamanje zinemakethe yezinto ezintsha ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, futhi imakethe isivuthiwe.Esifundeni sase-Asia Pacific, imakethe yezinto ezintsha isesigabeni sokuthuthuka ngokushesha.

4. Izimpumelelo ezivelele emkhakheni womhlaba wonke wezinto ezintsha