Njengamanje, imakethe yamakhemikhali yaseShayina ikhala yonke indawo.Ezinyangeni eziyi-10 ezedlule, amakhemikhali amaningi e-China abonise ukwehla okukhulu.Amanye amakhemikhali ehle ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-60, kanti amakhemikhali amaningi ehle ngaphezu kwama-30%.Amakhemikhali amaningi ehle kakhulu ngonyaka odlule, kuyilapho amakhemikhali ambalwa ehle kakhulu eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule.Kungashiwo ukuthi ukusebenza kwakamuva kwemakethe yamakhemikhali yaseShayina kube kufiphele kakhulu.
Ngokokuhlaziya, izizathu eziyinhloko zokuqhubeka kokwehla kwamakhemikhali onyakeni odlule yilezi ezilandelayo:
1. Ukuncipha kwemakethe yabathengi, emelwe yi-United States, kube nomthelela omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwamakhemikhali emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngokusho kwe-Agence France Presse, inkomba yolwazi lwabathengi e-United States yehle yaya phansi ezinyangeni ezingu-9 engxenyeni yokuqala, futhi amakhaya amaningi alindele ukusetshenziswa kwezomnotho ukuqhubeka nokuwohloka.Ukwehla kwenkomba yolwazi lwabathengi ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi ukukhathazeka ngokuwohloka komnotho kuya ngokuya kuba kubi kakhulu, futhi amakhaya amaningi anciphisa ukusebenzisa kwawo imali ukuze alungiselele ukuwohloka komnotho okuqhubekayo esikhathini esizayo.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokwehla kolwazi lwabathengi e-United States ukwehla kwenani lentengo yezindlu ezithengiswayo.Okusho ukuthi, inani lezindlu ezithengiswayo e-United States selivele liphansi kunesilinganiso semali mboleko yezindlu, futhi izindlu ezithengiswayo sezingenamali.Kulaba bantu, baqinisa amabhande abo futhi baqhubeke nokukhokha izikweletu zabo, noma balahle indawo yabo ukuze bayeke ukukhokha imali abayibolekiwe, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Foreclosure.Iningi labazongenela ukhetho likhetha ukuqinisa amabhande ukuze liqhubeke nokukhokha izikweletu, okucindezela ngokusobala imakethe yabathengi.
I-United States iyimakethe yabathengi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.Ngo-2022, isamba somkhiqizo wasekhaya wase-US sasingu-$22.94 trillion, namanje sikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni.Abantu baseMelika banemali etholwa minyaka yonke elinganiselwa ku-$50000 kanye nesamba sokudayisa emhlabeni jikelele esibalelwa ku-$5.7 trillion.Ukwehla kwezinga lokwehla kwemakethe yabathengi base-US kube nomthelela omkhulu kakhulu ekwehleni kokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo namakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi kumakhemikhali athunyelwa e-China esuka e-United States.
2. Ingcindezi yomnotho omkhulu olethwe ukwehla kwemakethe yabathengi yase-US idonsele phansi ukwehla komnotho womhlaba.
Umbiko weBhange Lomhlaba osanda kukhululwa we-Global Economic Prospects wehlise isibikezelo sokukhula komnotho emhlabeni wonke sango-2023 saya ku-1.7%, ukwehla ngo-1.3% ukusuka esibikezelweni sikaJuni 2020 kanye nezinga lesithathu eliphansi kakhulu eminyakeni engama-30 edlule.Lo mbiko ubonisa ukuthi ngenxa yezici ezifana nokwehla kwamandla emali okuphezulu, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lenzalo, ukunciphisa ukutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nezingxabano zendawo nezombusazwe, ukukhula komnotho wembulunga yonke kwehla ngokushesha kuze kube sezingeni eliyingozi eliseduze nokwehla.
UMongameli weBhange Lomhlaba uMaguire uthe umnotho womhlaba ubhekene “nenhlekelele ekhulayo yentuthuko” futhi izithiyo ekuchumeni komhlaba wonke zingase ziqhubeke.Njengoba ukukhula komnotho emhlabeni kuncipha, ingcindezi yokwehla kwamandla emali e-United States iyakhula, futhi ingcindezi yezikweletu iyakhula, okube nomthelela omubi emakethe yabathengi yomhlaba wonke.
3. Ukunikezwa kwamakhemikhali eShayina kuyaqhubeka nokukhula, futhi amakhemikhali amaningi abhekene nokungqubuzana okukhulu kwezidingo zokunikezwa.
Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2022 kuya maphakathi no-2023, amaphrojekthi amaningi amakhemikhali amakhulu e-China aqala ukusebenza.Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti 2022, i-Zhejiang Petrochemical yayisisebenzise amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.4 zezitshalo ze-ethylene ngonyaka, kanye nokusekela izitshalo ze-ethylene ezingezansi;NgoSepthemba 2022, i-Lianyungang Petrochemical Ethane Project yaqalwa ukusebenza futhi yahlonyiswa ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezansi nomfula;Ekupheleni kukaZibandlela wezi-2022, iphrojekthi edidiyelwe yamathani ayizigidi eziyi-16 ye-Shenghong Refining and Chemical yaqala ukusebenza, kwengeza inqwaba yemikhiqizo emisha yamakhemikhali;Ngo-February 2023, i-Hainan million ton ethylene plant yaqala ukusebenza, futhi iphrojekthi edidiyelwe esekelayo eya phansi yaqala ukusebenza;Ekupheleni kuka-2022, isitshalo se-ethylene saseShanghai Petrochemical sizoqala ukusebenza.NgoMeyi 2023, kuzoqalwa ukusebenza iphrojekthi ye-TDI ye-Wanhua Chemical Group Fujian Industrial Park.
Ngonyaka odlule, i-China yethule inqwaba yamaphrojekthi amakhemikhali amakhulu, okwandisa ukuhlinzekwa kwemakethe kwenqwaba yamakhemikhali.Ngaphansi kwemakethe yabathengi evilaphayo yamanje, ukukhula kohlangothi lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla emakethe yamakhemikhali yaseChina kuphinde kwasheshisa ukungqubuzana kwezidingo zokuhlinzeka emakethe.
Sekukonke, isizathu esiyinhloko sokwehla kwesikhathi eside kwamanani entengo yemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali ukusetshenziswa budlabha emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, okuholele ekwehleni kwezinga lokuthumela ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali aseShayina.Ngalo mbono, kungabonakala futhi ukuthi uma ukuthunyelwa kwemakethe yezimpahla zabathengi ekugcineni kuncipha, ukungqubuzana kwesidingo sokuhlinzeka ngemakethe yabathengi yaseChina kuzoholela ekwehleni kwezintengo zomkhiqizo wamakhemikhali wasekhaya.Ukwehla kwamanani ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe kuqhubekisele phambili ukwakheka kobuthakathaka emakethe yamakhemikhali yaseShayina, ngaleyo ndlela kunqume ukwehla kwezinga.Ngakho-ke, isisekelo samanani emakethe kanye nebhentshimakhi yemikhiqizo eminingi yamakhemikhali e-China sisacindezelwa yimakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, futhi imboni yamakhemikhali yaseShayina isavinjelwa izimakethe zangaphandle mayelana nalokhu.Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuqedwe ukuthambekela kokwehla cishe konyaka owodwa, ngaphezu kokulungisa ukunikezwa kwayo, izophinde ithembele kakhulu ekuvuseleleni umnotho omkhulu wezimakethe ezizungezile.