Njengamanje, imakethe yamakhemikhali yamaShayina iyakhala kuyo yonke indawo. Ezinyangeni eziyi-10 ezedlule, amakhemikhali amaningi eChina akhombise ukwehla okukhulu. Amanye amakhemikhali anciphe ngaphezu kwama-60%, kanti ama-mainestream amakhemikhali anciphe ngaphezu kwama-30%. Iningi lamakhemikhali lishaye imigodi emisha ngonyaka owedlule, kanti amakhemikhali ambalwa ashaye amakhemikhali emisha eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule. Kungashiwo ukuthi ukusebenza kwakamuva kwemakethe yamakhemikhali yaseChina bekulokhu kufiphele kakhulu.
Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa, izizathu eziyinhloko zokuthambekela okuqhubekayo kwamakhemikhali ngonyaka owedlule kungokulandelayo:
1. Ukuchithwa kwemakethe yabathengi, okumelelwa yi-United States, kuye kwaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwamakhemikhali emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngokusho kwe-Agence France Presse, inkomba yolwazi yabathengi e-United States yawa ngenyanga engu-9 ephansi kwikota yokuqala, futhi imindeni eminingi ilindele ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezomnotho kuqhubeke ukuwohloka. Ukwehla kwenkomba yolwazi lwabathengi kuvame ukusho ukuthi ukukhathazeka ngokuwohloka komnotho kuya ngokuya kukhulu, futhi imindeni eminingi ikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwayo ukulungiselela ukuwohloka komnotho okuqhubekayo esikhathini esizayo.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuncipha kolwazi lomthengi e-United States ukwehla kwenzuzo yezezakhiwo. Lokho kusho ukuthi, inani le-Real Estate e-United States selivele liphansi kunesilinganiso semalimboleko yempahla ebanjiswayo, kanye nezezakhiwo zibe sezingeni lezindawo. Kulaba bantu, baqinisa amabhande abo futhi baqhubeke nokubuyisa izikweletu zabo, noma bayeke ifa labo lokuyeka ukukhokha imali mboleko yabo, ebizwa ngokuthi ukubonwa kwabo. Abazongenela ukhetho bakhetha ukuqinisa amabhande abo ukuze baqhubeke nokukhokha izikweletu, ezicindezela ngokucacile imakethe yabathengi.
I-United States iyimakethe yabathengi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngo-2022, umkhiqizo we-US Gross Fame Domed wayengu- $ 22.94 trillion, namanje ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Abantu baseMelika bathola imali engenayo yonyaka ecishe ibe ngu- $ 50000 kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphelele komhlaba wonke kwe- $ 5.7 trillion. Ukwehla kwemakethe yabathengi base-US kube nomthelela omkhulu ekwehliseni komkhiqizo nangokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi kumakhemikhali athunyelwa eChina e-United States.
2. Ingcindezi yaseMacroeconomic eletha ngokugxekwa kwemakethe yabathengi yase-US isidonsele phansi ukugcwala komnotho emhlabeni wonke.
Umbiko osanda kukhishwa kweBhange Lomhlaba wonke wezomnotho wezehlise ukubikezela kokukhula komnotho womhlaba wonke kuya ku-1.7%, ukwehla okungu-1.3% kusuka kubikezelwa kwesilinganiso se-Juni 2020 kanye neleveli yesithathu ephansi eminyakeni engama-30 edlule eminyakeni engama-30 edlule. Umbiko ukhombisa ukuthi ngenxa yezici ezinjengokwehla kwamandla emali ephezulu, amanani emali edla, anciphise ukutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nezingxabano zendawo, ukukhula komnotho womhlaba kuncipha ngokushesha ezingeni eliyingozi elisehla.
Umongameli weBhange Lomhlaba wonke uMaguire uthe umnotho wembulunga yonke ubhekene 'nosizi olukhulayo ekuthuthukisweni' kanye nezinkinga zokuchuma komhlaba zingaqhubeka. Njengoba ukukhula komnotho womhlaba kuncipha, ingcindezi ye-inflation e-United States yanda, futhi ingcindezi yenhlekelele yezikweletu iyanda, okuye kwaba nomphumela we-ripple emakethe yabathengi bomhlaba.
I-3. Ukuthengiswa kwamakhemikhali eChina kuyaqhubeka ukukhula, futhi amakhemikhali amaningi abhekana nokuphikisana kakhulu okufunwa kwezidingo.
Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2022 kuya maphakathi ne-2023, amaphrojekthi wamakhemikhali amaningi amakhulu aseChina afakwa ekusebenzeni. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti 2022, i-zhejiang petrochemical yayisebenzisa amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.4 zezitshalo ze-ethylene minyaka yonke, kanye nokusekela ezansi kwezitshalo ze-ethylineam; NgoSeptemba 2022, i-Liayungang Petrochemical Ethane Project yafakwa ekusebenzeni futhi ifakwe amadivayisi aphansi; Ekupheleni kukaDisemba 2022, i-Shenghong recoin and chempong eyizigidi eziyi-16 million iphrojekthi ehlanganisiwe yafakwa ekusebenzeni, engeza inqwaba yemikhiqizo emisha yamakhemikhali; NgoFebhuwari 2023, kwafakwa i-Hainan million ethylene Plant, futhi kwafakwa iphrojekthi ehlanganisiwe ephansi; Ekupheleni kuka-2022, isitshalo se-ethylene of shanghai petrochemical sizosetshenziswa. NgoMeyi 2023, iphrojekthi ye-TDI ye-Wanhua Chefficam Group Fujian izokufakwa kwizimboni.
Ngonyaka owedlule, iChina yethule inqwaba yamaphrojekthi wamakhemikhali amakhulu, akhulisa ukunikezwa kwamakhembu amaningi. Ngaphansi kwemakethe yabathengi yamanje ye-Sluggish, ukukhula kohlangothi lwe-Supplish emakethe yamakhemikhali yaseChina sekusheshise nokuphikisana okufunwa kwezidingo ezimakethe.
Sekukonke, isizathu esiyinhloko sokwehla kwesikhathi eside ngamanani omkhiqizo wamakhemikhali ukusetshenziselwa okuvilaphayo emakethe yamazwe omhlaba, okuholele ekunciphiseni kwezinga lokuthumela lamakhemikhali aseChina. Kulolo mbono, kungabonakala futhi ukuthi uma ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwemakethe yezimpahla zabathengi abathengi kuncipha, ukuvela kwezidingo ezimakethe yabathengi baseChina kuzoholela enkambisweni yoMkhiqizo Wamakhemikhali wasekhaya. Ukwehla kwamanani emakethe yamazwe omhlaba kuqhubeze phambili ukwakheka kobuthakathaka emakethe yamakhemikhali yaseChina, ngaleyo ndlela kunqume ukuthambekela kwehla. Ngakho-ke, isisekelo samanani emakethe kanye nebhentshi lemikhiqizo eminingi yamakhemikhali eChina isacindezelwa yimakethe yamazwe omhlaba, kanti imboni yamakhemikhali yamaShayina isacindezelwa yizimakethe zangaphandle kulokhu. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuqedwe umkhuba ocishe abe unyaka owodwa, ngaphezu kokushintsha okutholakalayo, kuzoncika kakhulu ekuvuseleleni ama-Macroeconomic zezimakethe ze-peripheral.