Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inqubo yezobuchwepheshe yemboni yamakhemikhali yaseShayina yenze inqubekelaphambili enkulu, okuholele ekuhlukaniseni izindlela zokukhiqiza amakhemikhali kanye nokwehlukaniswa kokuncintisana kwemakethe yamakhemikhali.Lesi sihloko sidingida ikakhulukazi izinqubo ezihlukene zokukhiqiza ze-epoxy propane.

Ngokophenyo, uma sikhuluma nje, kunezinqubo ezintathu zokukhiqiza ze-epoxy propane, okuyindlela ye-chlorohydrin, indlela ye-co oxidation (indlela ye-Halcon), kanye ne-hydrogen peroxide direct oxidation method (HPPO).Njengamanje, indlela ye-chlorohydrin kanye nendlela ye-HPPO yizinqubo ezijwayelekile zokukhiqizwa kwe-epoxy propane.

Indlela ye-Chlorohydrin iyindlela yokukhiqiza i-epoxy propane kusetshenziswa i-propylene negesi ye-chlorine njengezisetshenziswa zokusetshenziswa ngezinqubo ezifana ne-chlorohydrination, i-saponification, kanye ne-distillation.Le nqubo inesivuno esiphezulu se-epoxy propane, kodwa futhi ikhiqiza inani elikhulu lamanzi angcolile kanye negesi yokukhipha, enomthelela omkhulu emvelweni.

Indlela ye-co oxidation iyinqubo yokukhiqiza i-propylene oxide usebenzisa i-propylene, i-ethylbenzene, ne-oxygen njengezinto zokusetshenziswa.Okokuqala, i-ethylbenzene ihlangana nomoya ukukhiqiza i-ethylbenzene peroxide.Khona-ke, i-ethylbenzene peroxide ibhekana nokusabela kwe-cyclization nge-propylene ukukhiqiza i-epoxy propane ne-phenylethanol.Le nqubo inenqubo yokusabela eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ikhiqiza imikhiqizo eminingi, ngakho-ke, iphinde ibhekane nomthelela omubi emvelweni.

Indlela ye-HPPO iyinqubo yokwengeza i-methanol, i-propylene, ne-hydrogen peroxide ngesilinganiso esikhulu esingu-4.2:1.3:1 ku-reactor equkethe i-zeolite titanium silicate catalyst (TS-1) ukuze iphendule.Le nqubo ingaguqula i-98% ye-hydrogen peroxide, futhi ukukhethwa kwe-epoxy propane kungafinyelela ku-95%.Inani elincane le-propylene elisabela kancane lingagaywa kabusha libuyiselwe ku-reactor ukuze liphinde lisetshenziswe.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-epoxy propane ekhiqizwa yile nqubo okwamanje ukuphela komkhiqizo ovunyelwe ukuthunyelwa eChina.

Sibala ukuthambekela kwentengo kusuka ngo-2009 kuya maphakathi no-2023 futhi sibona izinguquko ekukhiqizweni kwezinqubo ze-epichlorohydrin ne-HPPO eminyakeni eyi-14 edlule.

Indlela ye-Epichlorohydrin

1.Indlela ye-epichlorohydrin inenzuzo isikhathi esiningi.Eminyakeni engu-14 edlule, inzuzo yokukhiqiza ye-epichlorohydrin ngendlela ye-chlorohydrin ifinyelele phezulu kakhulu ku-8358 yuan/ton, eyenzeka ngo-2021. Nokho, ngo-2019, kube nokulahlekelwa okuncane okungu-55 yuan/ton.

2.Ukushintshashintsha kwenzuzo kwendlela ye-epichlorohydrin kuhambisana nokuguquguquka kwentengo ye-epichlorohydrin.Lapho intengo ye-epoxy propane ikhuphuka, inzuzo yokukhiqiza ye-epichlorohydrin indlela nayo iyanda ngokufanele.Lokhu kuvumelana kukhombisa umthelela ojwayelekile wezinguquko ekuhlinzekweni kwemakethe kanye nesidingo kanye nenani lomkhiqizo ezintengo zemikhiqizo emibili.Isibonelo, ngo-2021, ngenxa yalolu bhubhane, ukusetshenziswa kwe-polyether ethambile ye-foam kukhuphuke kakhulu, okwaphinde kwakhuphula intengo ye-epoxy propane, ekugcineni kwadala umlando ophakeme emkhawulweni wenzuzo wokukhiqizwa kwe-epichlorohydrin.

3.Ukushintshashintsha kwentengo ye-propylene ne-propylene oxide kubonisa ukungaguquguquki kwezitayela zesikhathi eside, kodwa ezimweni eziningi, kunomehluko omkhulu ekuguquguqukeni kwe-amplitude phakathi kwakho kokubili.Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi amanani entengo ye-propylene ne-epichlorohydrin athonywa izici ezihlukene, amanani e-propylene anomthelela obalulekile ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni i-epichlorohydrin.Ngenxa yokuthi i-propylene iwumkhiqizo oyinhloko wokukhiqizwa kwe-epichlorohydrin, ukushintshashintsha kwentengo yayo kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ezindlekweni zokukhiqizwa kokukhiqizwa kwe-epichlorohydrin.

Sekukonke, inzuzo yokukhiqiza ye-epichlorohydrin e-China ibisesimweni esinenzuzo isikhathi esiningi seminyaka eyi-14 edlule, futhi ukushintshashintsha kwenzuzo yayo kuhambisana nokuguquguquka kwentengo ye-epichlorohydrin.Amanani epropylene ayisici esibalulekile esithinta inzuzo yokukhiqiza ye-epichlorohydrin eChina.

Indlela ye-HPPO epoxy propane

1.Indlela ye-HPPO yamaShayina ye-epoxypropane ibilokhu inenzuzo isikhathi esiningi, kodwa inzuzo yayo ngokuvamile iphansi uma iqhathaniswa nendlela ye-chlorohydrin.Esikhathini esifushane kakhulu, indlela ye-HPPO yabhekana nokulahlekelwa ku-epoxy propane, futhi isikhathi esiningi, izinga layo lenzuzo laliphansi kakhulu kunalelo lendlela ye-chlorohydrin.

2.Ngenxa yokwenyuka okuphawulekayo kwentengo ye-epoxy propane ngo-2021, inzuzo ye-HPPO epoxy propane ifinyelele phezulu emlandweni ngo-2021, yafinyelela ku-6611 yuan/ton.Nokho, kusekhona igebe elicishe libe ngu-2000 yuan/ton phakathi kwaleli zinga lenzuzo nendlela ye-chlorohydrin.Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi nakuba indlela ye-HPPO inezinzuzo ezicini ezithile, indlela ye-chlorohydrin isenezinzuzo ezibalulekile ngokwenzuzo iyonke.

3.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokubala inzuzo yendlela ye-HPPO kusetshenziswa intengo ye-hydrogen peroxide engu-50%, kwatholakala ukuthi akukho ukuhlobana okuphawulekayo phakathi kwentengo ye-hydrogen peroxide kanye nokuguquguquka kwentengo ye-propylene ne-propylene oxide.Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi inzuzo yendlela yaseChina ye-HPPO ye-epoxypropane ivinjelwa amanani e-propylene kanye ne-hydrogen peroxide egxilile.Ngenxa yokuhlobana okuseduze phakathi kokuguquguquka kwentengo yalezi zinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nemikhiqizo emaphakathi kanye nezici ezifana nokuhlinzekwa kwemakethe nesidingo kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza, kube nomthelela omkhulu enzuzweni yokukhiqiza ye-epoxy propane kusetshenziswa indlela ye-HPPO.

Ukushintshashintsha kwenzuzo yokukhiqiza kwendlela ye-HPPO ye-epoxy propane eminyakeni eyi-14 edlule kubonise isici sokwenza inzuzo isikhathi esiningi kodwa ngezinga eliphansi lenzuzo.Nakuba inezinzuzo ezicini ezithile, sekukonke, inzuzo yayo isadinga ukuthuthukiswa.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inzuzo ye-HPPO indlela ye-epoxy propane ithinteka kakhulu ngokuguquguquka kwentengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa nemikhiqizo ephakathi, ikakhulukazi i-propylene kanye nokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-hydrogen peroxide.Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi badinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela amathrendi emakethe futhi balungise amasu okukhiqiza ngokunengqondo ukuze bafinyelele izinga lenzuzo elingcono kakhulu.

Umthelela wezinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko ezindlekweni zazo ngaphansi kwezinqubo ezimbili zokukhiqiza

1.Nakuba ukushintshashintsha kwenzuzo kwendlela ye-epichlorohydrin kanye nendlela ye-HPPO kubonisa ukungaguquguquki, kunomehluko omkhulu womthelela wezinto ezingavuthiwe kwinzuzo yazo.Lo mehluko ukhombisa ukuthi kunomehluko ekuphathweni kwezindleko namandla okulawula inzuzo phakathi kwalezi zinqubo ezimbili zokukhiqiza lapho kubhekwana nokuguquguquka kwamanani ezinto ezibonakalayo.

2.Ngendlela ye-chlorohydrin, inani lepropylene elibizayo lifinyelela esilinganisweni sama-67%, libalwa ngaphezu kwengxenye yesikhathi, futhi lifinyelela ku-72%.Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ekukhiqizeni i-chlorohydrin, izindleko ze-propylene zinomthelela omkhulu wesisindo.Ngakho-ke, ukushintshashintsha kwentengo ye-propylene kunomthelela oqondile ezindlekweni nasenzuzweni yokukhiqizwa kwe-epichlorohydrin ngendlela ye-chlorohydrin.Lokhu kubuka kuhambisana nokuthambekela kwesikhathi eside kwenzuzo nokuguquguquka kwentengo ye-propylene ekukhiqizeni i-epichlorohydrin ngendlela ye-chlorohydrin okukhulunywe ngayo ekuqaleni.

Ngokuphambene, endleleni ye-HPPO, umthelela omaphakathi we-propylene ezindlekweni zawo ungama-61%, kanti amanye anomthelela omkhulu kakhulu ku-68% futhi ophansi kakhulu ngo-55%.Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ohlelweni lokukhiqiza lwe-HPPO, nakuba isisindo somthelela wezindleko sepropylene sikhulu, asinamandla njengomthelela wendlela ye-chlorohydrin ezindlekweni zayo.Lokhu kungase kubangelwe umthelela omkhulu wezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa njenge-hydrogen peroxide esetshenziswa ohlelweni lokukhiqiza lwe-HPPO ezindlekweni, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe umthelela wokuguquguquka kwentengo ye-propylene ezindlekweni.

3.Uma intengo ye-propylene iguquguquka ngo-10%, umthelela wezindleko zendlela ye-chlorohydrin uzodlula lowo wendlela ye-HPPO.Lokhu kusho ukuthi lapho ubhekene nokuguquguquka kwamanani e-propylene, izindleko zendlela ye-chlorohydrin zithinteka kakhulu, futhi uma kuqhathaniswa, indlela ye-HPPO inamandla okuphatha izindleko angcono kanye namandla okulawula inzuzo.Lokhu kuqaphela kuphinda kugqamise umehluko ekuphenduleni ukuguquguquka kwamanani ezinto ezingavuthiwe phakathi kwezinqubo ezahlukene zokukhiqiza.

Kukhona ukungaguquguquki ekushintshashintsheni kwenzuzo phakathi kwendlela ye-Chlorohydrin yaseChina kanye nendlela ye-HPPO ye-epoxy propane, kodwa kunomehluko womthelela wezinto ezingavuthiwe kwinzuzo yazo.Lapho sibhekana nokuguquguquka kwamanani ezinto ezibonakalayo, izinqubo ezimbili zokukhiqiza zibonisa amandla ahlukene okuphatha izindleko kanye nokulawula inzuzo.Phakathi kwazo, indlela ye-chlorohydrin izwela kakhulu ekuguquguqukeni kwentengo ye-propylene, kuyilapho indlela ye-HPPO inokumelana okuhle nengozi.Le mithetho inomhlahlandlela obalulekile wokuthi amabhizinisi akhethe izinqubo zokukhiqiza futhi akhe amasu okukhiqiza.

Umthelela wezinto ezisizayo nezinto zokusetshenziswa ezindlekweni zazo ngaphansi kwezinqubo ezimbili zokukhiqiza

1.Umthelela we-chlorine ewuketshezi ezindlekweni zokukhiqizwa kwe-epichlorohydrin ngendlela ye-chlorohydrin wenze isilinganiso esingu-8% kuphela phakathi neminyaka eyi-14 edlule, futhi ingacatshangwa ukuthi ayinawo umthelela wezindleko oqondile.Lokhu kubheka kukhombisa ukuthi i-chlorine ewuketshezi idlala indima encane uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo yokukhiqiza i-chlorohydrin, futhi ukushintshashintsha kwentengo yayo kunomthelela omncane ezindlekweni ze-epichlorohydrin ekhiqizwa i-chlorohydrin.

2.Umthelela wezindleko zokugcwala okuphezulu kwe-hydrogen peroxide endleleni ye-HPPO ye-epoxy propane uphakeme kakhulu kunalowo wegesi ye-chlorine emthelela wezindleko zendlela ye-chlorohydrin.I-hydrogen peroxide iyi-oxidant eyinhloko ohlelweni lokukhiqiza lwe-HPPO, futhi ukuguquguquka kwentengo yayo kunomthelela oqondile ezindlekweni ze-epoxy propane ohlelweni lwe-HPPO, okwesibili kune-propylene.Lokhu kubuka kugqamisa isikhundla esibalulekile se-hydrogen peroxide enqubweni yokukhiqiza ye-HPPO.

3.Uma inkampani ikhiqiza igesi yayo ye-chlorine ephuma kumkhiqizo, umthelela wezindleko zegesi ye-chlorine ekukhiqizeni i-epichlorohydrin ungashaywa indiva.Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yenani elincane uma kuqhathaniswa legesi ye-chlorine yomkhiqizo, enomthelela olinganiselwe ezindlekweni zokukhiqizwa kwe-epichlorohydrin kusetshenziswa i-chlorohydrin.

4.Uma kusetshenziswa i-75% ye-hydrogen peroxide ye-hydrogen peroxide, umthelela wezindleko ze-hydrogen peroxide endleleni ye-HPPO ye-epoxy propane uzodlula u-30%, futhi umthelela wezindleko uzoqhubeka nokukhula ngokushesha.Lokhu kuhlola kubonisa ukuthi i-epoxy propane ekhiqizwa indlela ye-HPPO ayithinteki nje kuphela ukushintshashintsha okuphawulekayo kwe-propylene yempahla eluhlaza, kodwa futhi nokuguquguquka okuphawulekayo kwentengo ye-hydrogen peroxide.Ngenxa yokwanda kokugcwala kwe-hydrogen peroxide esetshenziswa enqubweni yokukhiqiza ye-HPPO ukuya ku-75%, inani nezindleko ze-hydrogen peroxide nakho kukhuphuka ngokufanele.Ziningi izici ezinomthelela ezimakethe, futhi ukuntengantenga kwenzuzo yayo nakho kuzokwenyuka, okuzoba nomthelela omkhulu enanini layo lemakethe.

Kunomehluko omkhulu emthelela wezindleko wezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisizayo zezinqubo zokukhiqiza i-epichlorohydrin kusetshenziswa indlela ye-chlorohydrin kanye nendlela ye-HPPO.Umthelela we-chlorine ewuketshezi ezindlekweni ze-epichlorohydrin ekhiqizwa indlela ye-chlorohydrin mncane uma kuqhathaniswa, kuyilapho umthelela we-hydrogen peroxide ezindlekweni ze-epichlorohydrin ekhiqizwa indlela ye-HPPO ubaluleke kakhulu.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma inkampani ikhiqiza igesi yayo ye-chlorine yomkhiqizo noma isebenzisa ukugxila okuhlukile kwe-hydrogen peroxide, umthelela wayo wezindleko uzohluka.Le mithetho inomhlahlandlela obalulekile wokuthi amabhizinisi akhethe izinqubo zokukhiqiza, enze amasu okukhiqiza, futhi enze ukulawula izindleko.

Ngokusekelwe kudatha yamanje namathrendi, amaphrojekthi aqhubekayo e-epoxy propane esikhathini esizayo azodlula isikali samanje, namaphrojekthi amaningi amasha asebenzisa indlela ye-HPPO kanye nendlela ye-ethylbenzene co oxidation.Lesi simo sizoholela ekwandeni kwesidingo sezinto zokusetshenziswa ezifana ne-propylene ne-hydrogen peroxide, okuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ezindlekweni ze-epoxy propane kanye nezindleko eziphelele zomkhakha.

Ngokombono wezindleko, amabhizinisi anemodeli yochungechunge lwezimboni edidiyelwe angalawula kangcono isisindo somthelela wezinto ezingavuthiwe, ngaleyo ndlela ehlise izindleko futhi athuthukise ukuncintisana kwemakethe.Ngenxa yokuthi amaphrojekthi amaningi amasha we-epoxy propane esikhathini esizayo azosebenzisa indlela ye-HPPO, isidingo se-hydrogen peroxide sizokhuphuka, okuzokwandisa isisindo somthelela wokuguquguquka kwentengo ye-hydrogen peroxide ezindlekweni ze-epoxy propane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwendlela ye-ethylbenzene co oxidation kumaphrojekthi amasha we-epoxy propane esikhathini esizayo, isidingo se-propylene sizokhula.Ngakho-ke, isisindo somthelela wokuguquguquka kwentengo ye-propylene ezindlekweni ze-epoxy propane nazo zizokhula.Lezi zici zizoletha izinselelo namathuba amaningi embonini ye-epoxy propane.

Sekukonke, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-epoxy propane esikhathini esizayo kuzothonywa amaphrojekthi aqhubekayo nezinto zokusetshenziswa.Emabhizinisini amukela i-HPPO kanye nezindlela ze-ethylbenzene co oxidation, ukunakwa okwengeziwe kufanele kukhokhwe ekulawuleni izindleko kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuhlanganiswa kwezimboni.Kubahlinzeki bempahla eluhlaza, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa ukuzinza kokuhlinzekwa kwempahla eluhlaza kanye nokulawula izindleko ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuncintisana kwemakethe.