I-Urea, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-urea noma i-carbamide, inefomula yamakhemikhali ethi CH4N2O noma i-CO (NH2) 2. Iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo ezakhiwe nge-carbon, i-nitrogen, umoya-mpilo, ne-hydrogen, futhi iyikristalu emhlophe.Enye yezinhlanganisela ezilula ze-organic umkhiqizo wokugcina oqukethe i-nitrogen we-protein metabolism kanye nokubola kwezilwane ezincelisayo nezinhlanzi ezithile.Njengomanyolo ongathathi hlangothi, i-urea ilungele inhlabathi nezitshalo ezahlukahlukene.Kulula ukuyigcina, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, futhi inomthelela omncane owonakalisa umhlaba.Iwumanyolo we-nitrogen wamakhemikhali onenani elikhulu lokusetshenziswa kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen.I-Urea ihlanganiswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kusetshenziswa i-ammonia ne-carbon dioxide embonini.
I-Urea ingasabela nge-acids ukwakha usawoti.Ine-hydrolysis.Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ukusabela kwe-condensation kungenziwa ukuze kukhiqizwe i-biuret, i-triuret, ne-cyanuric acid.Shisisa ku-160 ℃ ukuze ubole, ukhiqize igesi ye-ammonia futhi uyiguqule ibe yi-isocyanate.Ngenxa yokuthi le nto ikhona emchameni womuntu, ibizwa ngokuthi i-urea.I-Urea iqukethe u-46% we-nitrogen (N), okuwukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen phakathi kukamanyolo we-nitrogen oqinile.
I-Urea ingakwazi ukwenza i-hydrolyze ukuze ikhiqize i-ammonia ne-carbon dioxide ngaphansi kwesenzo sama-acids, izisekelo, nama-enzyme (ama-asidi nezisekelo zidinga ukufudumeza).
Ngokungaqini kokushisa, ukushisa ku-150-160 ℃ kuzosusa ku-biuret.I-Copper sulfate ihlangana ne-biuret ngombala onsomi futhi ingasetshenziswa ukukhomba i-urea.Uma ishiswa ngokushesha, izokwenziwa i-deammonized futhi i-trimeric yakhe inhlanganisela ye-cyclic enamalungu ayisithupha, i-cyanuric acid.
I-acetylurea ne-diacetylurea ingakhiqizwa ngokusabela nge-acetyl chloride noma i-acetic anhydride.
Ngaphansi kokusebenza kwe-sodium ethanol, ihlangana ne-diethyl malonate ukukhiqiza i-malonylurea (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-barbituric acid, ngenxa ye-asidi yayo).
Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-alkaline catalysts njenge-ammonia, ingasabela nge-formaldehyde futhi ifinyele ibe yi-urea formaldehyde resin.
Isabela nge-hydrazine hydrate ukukhiqiza i-aminourea.
Isisindo samangqamuzana: 60.06 g/mol
-Ukuminyana: 768 kg/m3
-Iphuzu elincibilikayo: 132.7C
-Ukuncibilika kokushisa: 5.78 kuya ku-6cal/gr
- Ukushisa komlilo: 2531 kilojoule / igremu
-Umswakama obalulekile ohlobene (30 ° C): 73%
-Salinity Inkomba: 75.4
-Ukugqwala: Iyagqwala ku-carbon steel, kodwa ayigqwali kangako ku-aluminium, zinc, nethusi.Ayigqwali ingilazi nensimbi ekhethekile.
1. Uma i-urea igcinwe ngendlela engafanele, kulula ukumunca umswakama kanye ne-clump, kuthinte izinga lokuqala le-urea futhi kubangele ukulahlekelwa okuthile kwezomnotho kubalimi.Lokhu kudinga abalimi ukuthi bagcine i-urea ngendlela efanele.Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, kuyadingeka ukugcina isikhwama se-urea siqinile.Ngesikhathi sokuthutha, kufanele iphathwe ngokucophelela, ivikelwe emvuleni, futhi igcinwe endaweni eyomile, enomoya omuhle enezinga lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-20 ℃.
2. Uma igcinwe ngobuningi, amabhulokhi okhuni kufanele asetshenziselwe ukugoba phansi cishe amasentimitha angu-20, futhi kufanele kube negebe elingaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-50 phakathi kophezulu nophahla ukuze kube lula ukungena komoya kanye nokuchithwa komswakama.Kufanele kushiywe iphaseji phakathi kwezitaki.Ukuze kube lula ukuhlola kanye nokungena komoya.Uma i-urea esivele ivuliwe ingasetshenzisiwe, kuyadingeka ukuvala umlomo wesikhwama ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze kube lula ukusetshenziswa ngonyaka ozayo.
3. Gwema ukuthinta isikhumba namehlo.
Umanyolo: 90% we-urea ekhiqizwayo isetshenziswa njengomanyolo.Yengezwa emhlabathini futhi inikeza i-nitrogen ezitshalweni.I-biuret ephansi (ngaphansi kuka-0.03%) i-urea isetshenziswa njengomanyolo we-foliar.Iyancibilika emanzini futhi isetshenziswa emaqabunga ezitshalo, ikakhulukazi izithelo namawolintshi.
Umanyolo we-Urea unenzuzo yokunikeza okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen, okubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwezitshalo futhi uhlobene ngokuqondile nenani leziqu namaqabunga adonsa ukukhanya kwe-photosynthesis.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-nitrogen ikhona kumavithamini namaprotheni, futhi ihlobene nokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni okusanhlamvu.
I-Urea isetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezitshalo.Ukuvundisa kuyadingeka ngoba inhlabathi ilahlekelwa inayithrojeni eningi ngemva kokuvuna.Izinhlayiya ze-Urea zisetshenziswa enhlabathini, okufanele isebenze kahle futhi inothe ngamabhaktheriya.Isicelo singenziwa ngesikhathi sokutshala noma ngaphambi kwesikhathi.Ngemuva kwalokho, i-urea i-hydrolyzed futhi ibole.
Kufanele kuqashelwe lapho kufakwa i-urea ngendlela efanele emhlabathini.Uma isetshenziswa phezulu, noma uma ingafakwa enhlabathini ngokusetshenziswa okufanele, imvula, noma ukuchelela, i-ammonia izohwamuka futhi ukulahlekelwa kubaluleke kakhulu.Ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen ezitshalweni kubonakala ekunciphiseni kwendawo yamaqabunga kanye nokwehla komsebenzi we-photosynthetic.
Ukuvundisa kwamaqabunga: Ukuvundiswa kwamaqabunga kuwumkhuba wasendulo, kodwa ngokuvamile, ukusetshenziswa kwemisoco ehlobene nomhlabathi kuncane kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngokwenani elikhulu.Kodwa-ke, amanye amarekhodi amazwe ngamazwe abonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-urea ephansi ye-urea kunganciphisa inani likamanyolo ofakwe emhlabathini ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza, ubukhulu, kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo.Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi ukufafaza ngamahlamvu ngenani elincane le-urea kuphumelela njengokufafaza kwenhlabathi.Ngaphezu kwezinhlelo ezisebenzayo zokuvundisa, lokhu kuqinisekisa umkhuba wokusebenzisa umanyolo ngokuhambisana namanye amakhemikhali ezolimo.
Amakhemikhali namapulasitiki: I-Urea ikhona ezintweni ezinamathelayo, kumapulasitiki, kuma-resin, oyinki, emithini yemithi, nasezintweni zokuphothula izindwangu, amaphepha nezinsimbi.
Isengezo sokudla kwemfuyo: I-Urea ixutshwa ekudleni kwenkomo futhi inikeza initrogen, ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni amaprotheni.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-resin: I-Urea formaldehyde resin nezinye izinhlaka zisebenza ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene embonini, njengokukhiqizwa kwe-plywood.Asetshenziswa nasezintweni zokugcoba nopende.
I-Chemwin ingahlinzeka ngenqwaba yama-hydrocarbon amaningi nezincibilikisi zamakhemikhali kumakhasimende ezimboni.Ngaphambi kwalokho, sicela ufunde ulwazi olulandelayo oluyisisekelo mayelana nokwenza ibhizinisi nathi:
1. Ezokuphepha
Ukuphepha kuyinto ehamba phambili yethu.Ngaphezu kokunikeza amakhasimende ulwazi mayelana nokusetshenziswa okuphephile nokunobungani kwemvelo kwemikhiqizo yethu, siphinde sizibophezele ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ubungozi bokuphepha kwabasebenzi nosonkontileka buncishiswa bube buncane obunengqondo nobunokwenzeka.Ngakho-ke, sidinga ukuthi ikhasimende liqinisekise ukuthi izindinganiso ezifanele zokuphepha zokuthulula nokugcina impahla ziyahlangatshezwa ngaphambi kokulethwa kwethu (sicela ubheke isithasiselo se-HSSE emigomeni nemibandela yokuthengisa ngezansi).Ochwepheshe bethu be-HSSE banganikeza isiqondiso kulawa mazinga.
2. Indlela yokulethwa
Amakhasimende anga-oda futhi alethe imikhiqizo evela ku-chemwin, noma angathola imikhiqizo evela embonini yethu yokukhiqiza.Izindlela zokuthutha ezitholakalayo zifaka phakathi iloli, ujantshi noma ezokuthutha ezinezinhlobo eziningi (kuyasebenza izimo ezihlukene).
Endabeni yezidingo zekhasimende, singacacisa izidingo zezikebhe noma amathangi futhi sisebenzise amazinga akhethekile okuphepha/wokubuyekeza kanye nezimfuneko.
3. Inani elincane le-oda
Uma uthenga imikhiqizo kuwebhusayithi yethu, inani elincane le-oda amathani angama-30.
4.Inkokhelo
Indlela yokukhokha ejwayelekile idonswa ngokuqondile zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-30 ukusuka ku-invoyisi.
5. Amadokhumenti okulethwa
Amadokhumenti alandelayo anikezwa ngokudiliva ngakunye:
· I-Bill of Lading, i-CMR Waybill noma enye incwadi yezokuthutha efanele
· Isitifiketi Sokuhlaziya noma Ukuvumelana (uma sidingeka)
· Imibhalo ehlobene ne-HSSE ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo
· Imibhalo yeCustoms ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo (uma kudingeka)
Izigaba zemikhiqizo
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I-Dichloromethane CAS 75-09-2 Ikhwalithi Ephezulu Futhi Lo...
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I-Toluene CAS 108-88-3 Ikhwalithi Ephezulu Nentengo Ephansi
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