Igama Lomkhiqizo:I-Toluene

Ifomethi ye-Molecular:C7H8

Inombolo ye-CAS:108-88-3

Isakhiwo samangqamuzana omkhiqizo:

Chemical Properties::

I-toluene, isakhi esiphilayo esinefomula yamakhemikhali ethi C₇H₈, iwuketshezi olungenambala, oluguquguqukayo olunephunga elimnandi elingavamile. Inempahla eqinile ye-refractive. Ixubene ne-ethanol, i-ether, i-acetone, i-chloroform, i-carbon disulfide ne-glacial acetic acid, futhi inyibilika kancane emanzini. Ukuvutha, umhwamuko ungakha ingxube eqhumayo ngomoya, ukugxila kwevolumu yengxube kungaqhuma ebangeni eliphansi. Ubuthi obuphansi, i-LD50 (igundane, ngomlomo) 5000mg/kg. ukugcwala okukhulu kwegesi kuyi-narcotic, kuyacasula

Isicelo:

I-toluene isuselwa kuthayela lamalahle kanye ne-aspetroleum. Kwenzeka kuphethiloli kanye nezincibilikisi eziningi ze-petroleum. I-toluene isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-trinitrotoluene (TNT), i-toluene diisocyanate, ne-benzene; njengesithako sedayi, izidakamizwa, nezihlanzi; futhi njengesixazululi se-industrial yamarabha, opende, okokunamathela, kanye nowoyela.

I-Toluene isetshenziswa kaningi embonini yamakhemikhali kanye ne-petroleum, cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-6 asetshenziswa ngonyaka e-United States kanye namathani ayizigidi ezingu-16 asetshenziswa emhlabeni jikelele. Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-toluene kufana ne-octane booster kuphethiloli. I-toluene inesilinganiso se-octane esingu-114. I-toluene ingenye yezinhlanganisela ezine eziyinhloko ezinephunga elimnandi, kanye ne-benzene, i-xylene, ne-ethylbenzene, ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokucwengwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kukaphethiloli. Ngokuhlangene, lezi zinhlanganisela ezine zifushaniswa njenge-BTEX. I-BTEX iyingxenye enkulu kaphethiloli, yakha cishe u-18% ngesisindo senhlanganisela evamile. Nakuba ingxenye yama-aromatics iyahlukahluka ukuze kukhiqizwe izingxube ezihlukene ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zendawo nezesizini, i-toluene ingenye yezingxenye ezinkulu. Uphethiloli ojwayelekile uqukethe cishe u-5% we-toluene ngesisindo.
I-Toluene iyi-feedstock eyinhloko esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-organic compounds ahlukahlukene. Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-disocyanates. Ama-Isocyanate aqukethe iqembu elisebenzayo elithi ?N = C = O, futhi i-disocyanates iqukethe okubili kwalokhu. Ama-disocyanate amabili amakhulu yi-toluene 2,4-disocyanate kanye ne-toluene 2,6-disocyanate. Ukukhiqizwa kwama-disocyanate eNyakatho Melika kusondele kumabhiliyoni amapondo ngonyaka. Ngaphezu kwama-90% okukhiqizwa kwe-toluene diisocyanate asetshenziselwa ukwenza amagwebu e-polyurethanes. Lezi zokugcina zisetshenziswa njengokugcwalisa okuguquguqukayo kwefenisha, okokulala, kanye nama-cushions.Ngefomu eliqinile lisetshenziselwa ukufakwa, ukumboza amagobolondo aqinile, izinto zokwakha, izingxenye zezimoto, amasondo e-androller skate.

Ekwakheni i-benzoic acid, i-benzaldehyde, iziqhumane, odayi, nezinye izinhlanganisela eziningi eziphilayo; njenge-solvent yamapende, ama-lacquers, izinsini, ama-resin; izacile ngoyinki, iziqholo, odayi; ekukhishweni kwezimiso ezihlukahlukene ezitshalweni; njengesengezo sikaphethiloli.