Umgomo wokusebenza wekholomu ye-distillation ngokuningiliziwe
Njengesisetshenziswa esivamile nesibalulekile embonini yamakhemikhali, amakholomu e-distillation asetshenziswa kakhulu ku-petroleum, amakhemikhali, ekhemisi nakweminye imikhakha. Ukuqonda umgomo wokusebenza wamakholomu okukhipha i-distillation kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nokwenza kahle inqubo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlaziya umgomo wokusebenza wamakholomu okugcoba ngokuningiliziwe, futhi sigxile endimeni yawo ekuhlukaniseni izingxube.
Umqondo oyisisekelo wamakholomu e-distillation
Ikholomu ye-distillation iyisisetshenziswa esisebenzisa amandla ashisayo ukuhlukanisa ingxube yoketshezi. Umgomo wayo wokusebenza usekelwe ekwehlukaneni kwamaphuzu abilayo ezingxenye zengxube, futhi izingxenye ezihlukene zihlukaniswa kancane kancane futhi zikhishwe ngokwehlukana ngokusebenzisa ukuhwamuka okuningi kanye nokufingqa. Le nqubo ngokuvamile idinga ukuphindaphindwa embhoshongweni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubumsulwa bomkhiqizo.
Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sekholomu ye-distillation
Ukuze uqonde kangcono umgomo wokusebenza wekholomu ye-distillation, kuyadingeka ukuqonda isakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi. Amakholomu e-distillation ikakhulukazi akhiwe umzimba wombhoshongo, idiski lombhoshongo noma ukupakisha, i-reboiler, i-condenser nezinye izingxenye. Umzimba wombhoshongo uyisakhiwo esiyinhloko sekholomu yokuphuza utshwala, idiski lombhoshongo noma ukupakisha kuyisici esiyinhloko sokuthintana noketshezi lwegesi, i-reboiler inesibopho sokushisisa uketshezi, futhi i-condenser isetshenziselwa ukupholisa igesi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zingxenye kwenza inqubo yokukhishwa kwe-distillation ihambe kahle.
Isimiso sokusebenza samakholomu e-distillation
Isimiso sokusebenza sekholomu ye-distillation singafingqwa kanjena: ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ashisayo ukuze kuhwamuke futhi kufinyezwe ingxube yoketshezi kukholomu, ukuhlukanisa kancane kancane izingxenye. Ngokukhethekile, ingxube iqala ukushisisa ku-reboiler, umhwamuko ukhuphukele epuleti lombhoshongo noma ukupakisha, kanye noketshezi oluwayo lokushintshanisa ukushisa. Ngenxa yamaphuzu ahlukene abilayo ezingxenye ezihlukene, izingxenye zamaphuzu abilayo aphezulu maningi amathuba okuthi zijiye futhi ziwe noketshezi, kuyilapho izingxenye zamaphuzu abilayo aphansi ziqhubeka nokukhuphuka. Ngokusebenzisa ukuhwamuka okuqhubekayo kanye nenqubo ye-condensation, izingxenye zengxube zihlukaniswa kancane kancane.
Amapharamitha angukhiye ekusebenzeni kwekholomu ye-distillation
Nakuba isimiso sokusebenza sekholomu ye-distillation silula, ekusebenzeni, kunenombolo yemingcele ebalulekile ethinta ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukucindezela, ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa, isilinganiso se-reflux kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-disc. Ukucindezela kanye nezinga lokushisa kukholomu kuthinta ngokuqondile ukuziphatha kokuhwamuka nokufiphala kwezingxenye, kuyilapho isilinganiso se-reflux sinquma inani lezinto ezijikelezayo kukholamu. Izilinganiso eziphezulu ze-reflux ngokuvamile zisho ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukana okuphezulu, kodwa futhi andisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ukuklama nokuhlelwa kwediski yekholomu noma ukupakisha nakho kuthinta ukwanela kokuxhumana kwegesi-uketshezi futhi ngaleyo ndlela umphumela wokuhlukanisa.
Amakholomu e-distillation ezinhlelweni ezahlukene
Umgomo wokusebenza wamakholomu okukhipha i-distillation usetshenziswa kabanzi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali. Isibonelo, ekucwengisweni kwe-petroleum, amakholomu okukhipha isisu asetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa ama-hydrocarbon alula nasindayo kuwoyela ongahluziwe. Embonini yezemithi, amakholomu e-distillation asetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa nokuhlanza izithako ezehlukene zemithi. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi iyiphi inkambu, ukuqonda ukuthi amakholomu okugaya asebenza kanjani kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuthuthukisa inqubo nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Isifinyezo
Umgomo wokusebenza wekholomu ye-distillation usekelwe umehluko wamaphuzu abilayo wezingxenye zengxube ye-liquid, ezihlukaniswa ukuhwamuka okuningi kanye nokufingqa. Idizayini kanye nemingcele yokusebenza yekholomu yokucwiliswa kwe-distillation inomthelela omkhulu kumphumela wokuhlukanisa ngakho-ke idinga ukuthuthukiswa ngokuya ngezidingo zenqubo ethile ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo. Ukwazi umgomo wokusebenza kombhoshongo wokucwiliswa emanzini kubaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali.
Ngokwethulwa kwaleli phepha, ngikholwa ukuthi umfundi unokuqonda okujulile kwesimiso sokusebenza sekholomu yokugaya. Esikhathini esizayo sokusebenza kwamakhemikhali, ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi lungakunikeza isiqondiso esiwusizo.