I-Phenol iyinto ebaluleke kakhulu yamakhemikhali yamakhemikhali e-organic, enobubanzi bokusebenzisa embonini yamakhemikhali nakwezinye izinkambu. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlaziya futhi sixoxe ngemikhiqizo emikhulu ye-phenol.

Sidinga ukwazi ukuthi yini i-phenol. I-Phenol iyingxenye ye-aromatic hydrocarbon ngefomula ye-molecular c6h6o. Kuyi-crystalline engenamibala noma emhlophe eqinile enephunga elikhethekile. I-Phenol isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi njengento eluhlaza yokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yamakhemikhali, efana ne-bisphenol a, Phenolic resin, njll. I-BISHPHENONOL A ingenye yemikhiqizo ebaluleke kakhulu ye-epoxy resin, ipulasitiki , i-fiber, ifilimu, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-phenol isetshenziswa futhi njengento eluhlaza yokukhiqiza amakhamishini, ama-pesticides, amadayi, ama-surfactants neminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali.

Ukuze siqonde imikhiqizo emikhulu ye-phenol, kufanele siqale sihlaziye inqubo yaso yokukhiqiza. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-Phenol ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe izinyathelo ezimbili: Isinyathelo sokuqala ukusebenzisa i-coal tal njengento eluhlaza ukukhiqiza i-benzene ngenqubo ye-carbonization kanye ne-distillation; Isinyathelo sesibili ukusebenzisa i-benzene njengezinto ezingavuthiwe ukukhiqiza i-phenol ngenqubo ye-oxidation, i-hydroxylation kanye ne-distillation. Kule nqubo, uBenzene uhlakaniphile ukuze akhe i-phenolic acid, khona-ke i-phenolic acid yangenzelwa i-oxid yangenzelwa i-phenol. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izindlela zokukhiqiza i-phenol, njengokuguqulwa kwe-catalytic kwe-petroleum noma i-coal-tarsication.

Ngemuva kokuqonda inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-phenol, singaphinde sihlaziye imikhiqizo yaso emikhulu. Njengamanje, umkhiqizo obaluleke kakhulu we-Phenol yiBisphenol A. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, iBisphenol a isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwe-epoxy resin, ipulasitiki, i-fiber, ifilimu neminye imikhiqizo. Ngaphezu kweBisphenol a, kukhona neminye imikhiqizo ebalulekile ye-Phenol, efana ne-DiphEnyl Ether, i-nylon 66 usawoti, njll. Diphenyl ether isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi njengezinto eziphikisayo zepulasitiki kanye nezithasiselo embonini yezogesi; I-nylon 66 usawoti angasetshenziswa njenge-fiber enamandla amakhulu kanye nobunjiniyela bepulasitiki emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nemishini, izimoto ne-aerospace.

Ekuphetheni, umkhiqizo omkhulu we-Phenol yiBisphenol A, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwe-epoxy resin, ipulasitiki, i-fiber, ifilimu neminye imikhiqizo. Ngaphezu kweBisphenol a, kukhona neminye imikhiqizo ebalulekile ye-phenol, efana ne-diphenyl ether ne-nylon 66 usawoti. Ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zemikhakha ehlukene yesicelo, kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo inqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ye-phenol nemikhiqizo yayo emikhulu.