I-Phenol ibaluleke kakhulu i-organic chemical material eluhlaza, enezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa embonini yamakhemikhali nakweminye imikhakha. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlaziya futhi sixoxe ngemikhiqizo emikhulu ye-phenol.

sidinga ukwazi ukuthi yini i-phenol. I-Phenol iyinhlanganisela ye-hydrocarbon enephunga elimnandi ene-molecular formula C6H6O. Kuyikristalu engenambala noma emhlophe eqinile enephunga elikhethekile. I-Phenol isetshenziswa kakhulu njengempahla eluhlaza ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yamakhemikhali, njenge-bisphenol A, i-phenolic resin, njll. I-Bisphenol A ingenye yemikhiqizo ebaluleke kakhulu ye-phenol, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni i-epoxy resin, ipulasitiki. , i-fiber, ifilimu, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-phenol iphinde isetshenziswe njengempahla eluhlaza ekukhiqizweni kwemithi, izibulala-zinambuzane, odayi, ama-surfactants. neminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali.

Ukuze siqonde imikhiqizo emikhulu ye-phenol, kufanele siqale sihlaziye inqubo yayo yokukhiqiza. Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-phenol ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe ngezinyathelo ezimbili: isinyathelo sokuqala ukusebenzisa itiyela yamalahle njengempahla eluhlaza ukukhiqiza i-benzene ngenqubo ye-carbonization kanye ne-distillation; Isinyathelo sesibili ukusebenzisa i-benzene njengempahla eluhlaza ukukhiqiza i-phenol ngenqubo ye-oxidation, i-hydroxylation kanye ne-distillation. Kule nqubo, i-benzene i-oxidized ukuze yakhe i-phenolic acid, bese i-phenolic acid iphinde ifakwe i-oxid ukuze yakhe i-phenol. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izindlela zokukhiqiza i-phenol, njengokuguqulwa kwe-catalytic ye-petroleum noma i-coal-tar gasification.

Ngemva kokuqonda inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-phenol, singaqhubeka sihlaziya imikhiqizo yayo emikhulu. Njengamanje, umkhiqizo obaluleke kakhulu we-phenol yi-bisphenol A. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-bisphenol A isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni i-epoxy resin, ipulasitiki, i-fiber, ifilimu neminye imikhiqizo. Ngaphandle kwe-bisphenol A, kukhona neminye imikhiqizo ebalulekile ye-phenol, njenge-diphenyl ether, i-nylon 66 usawoti, njll. I-Diphenyl ether isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi njengento yepulasitiki engashi futhi esebenza kakhulu kanye nezithasiselo embonini ye-electronics; Inayiloni 66 usawoti ungasetshenziswa njengefayibha ephezulu amandla kanye nepulasitiki yobunjiniyela emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nemishini, izimoto kanye ne-aerospace.

Sengiphetha, umkhiqizo omkhulu we-phenol yi-bisphenol A, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni i-epoxy resin, ipulasitiki, i-fiber, ifilimu neminye imikhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwe-bisphenol A, kukhona neminye imikhiqizo ebalulekile ye-phenol, njenge-diphenyl ether kanye ne-nylon 66 kasawoti. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zemikhakha ehlukene yesicelo, kuyadingeka ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa inqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo we-phenol nemikhiqizo yayo emikhulu.