Indima ye-gibberellins: ama-hormone abalulekile ekukhuleni kwezitshalo
Ama-Gibberellins (Gibberellins) ayikilasi lamahomoni ezitshalo avela ngokwemvelo adlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo. Ukutholakala kwama-gibberellins kuqale ngeminyaka yawo-1930, futhi ngemva kweminyaka yocwaningo, sekusetshenziswe kabanzi kwezolimo, ukulima kanye nesayensi yezinto eziphilayo. Iyini ngempela indima ye-gibberellins? Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula izici eziningi zendima ka-gibberellin.
Ithuthukisa Ukwelulwa Kweseli Yezitshalo kanye Nokwehlukana
Omunye wemiphumela ephawulekayo ye-gibberellins ukuthi ikhuthaza ukunwetshwa nokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli ezitshalo. Lesi senzo sibalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukeni kwezitshalo. Ngokuthinta ukuthamba kodonga lwamaseli kanye nokungena kwe-membrane yeseli, i-gibberellin isheshisa ukwanda kwamaseli, okuholela ekwandiseni ngokushesha kweziqu zezitshalo, amaqabunga nezimpande. I-Gibberellins iphinde ikhuthaze ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli, okuvumela izitshalo ukuthi zandise i-biomass yazo ngokushesha okukhulu ngesikhathi sokukhula, okubonisa inzuzo enkulu yokukhula.
Ukwethulwa kokuhluma kwembewu nokukhululwa kwe-dormancy
I-Gibberellins nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlumeni kwembewu. Lapho imbewu imunca amanzi futhi iqala ukuhluma, ama-gibberellins ayacushwa futhi aqale ukunqwabelana egciwaneni. Le hormone ikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-amylase, esiza imbewu ukuthi iphule isitashi esigciniwe futhi isiguqule sibe amandla okukhula kwezitshalo. Iqhaza lama-gibberellins libaluleke kakhulu ezimbewuni ezithile ezidinga ukukhululwa e-dormancy ukuze zikhule, njengoba zinqamula i-dormancy futhi ziqalise inqubo yokuhluma, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulise izinga lokuhluma kwembewu yezitshalo.
Ukulawulwa kokuqhakaza kwezimbali nokuthuthukiswa kwezithelo
I-Gibberellins nayo inomthelela omkhulu ekuqhakazeni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezithelo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ze-photoperiodic, ama-gibberellins angakhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa kwehlumela, okwenza izitshalo ziqhakaze ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ngokujwayelekile. Lokhu kubalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo, ikakhulukazi ekuphathweni kwezitshalo zemali. I-Gibberellin nayo idlala indima ekukhuthazeni ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezithelo. Akugcini nje ukwandisa ubukhulu besithelo, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukuma nokubukeka kwesithelo, okwenza kube yigugu kakhulu njengempahla.
Thuthukisa ukumelana nezitshalo
Ngaphezu kokukhuthaza ukukhula nokuthuthuka, i-gibberellin ingaphinde ithuthukise ukumelana nezitshalo ezimweni ezimbi zemvelo. Lapho izitshalo zingaphansi kwengcindezi yobunzima njengesomiso, usawoti kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphansi, i-gibberellin ingathuthukisa ukumelana nokulawula izindlela ze-metabolic zezitshalo. Ngokukhethekile, i-gibberellin ingathuthukisa ikhono lesitshalo lokumunca nokugcina amanzi ngokulawula okuqukethwe kwe-osmoregulatory substances emzimbeni wesitshalo, isize isitshalo ukuthi sigcine ukukhula okuvamile ngaphansi kobunzima.
Isicelo kwezolimo kanye ukulima
Ngenxa yemiphumela yayo ephawulekayo yokulawula umzimba, i-gibberellin isetshenziswa kabanzi kwezolimo zesimanje kanye nokulima. Isibonelo, ekukhiqizeni irayisi, ama-gibberellins asetshenziselwa ukwandisa izinga lokukhula kwezithombo ukuze kuqinisekiswe inzuzo yokuqala ekutshaleni ensimini. Ku-viticulture, ama-gibberellins asetshenziselwa ukwelapha amaqoqo ezithelo ukukhuthaza ukukhuliswa kwezithelo nokwenza ngcono isivuno kanye nekhwalithi. I-Gibberellin iphinde isetshenziselwe ukunweba isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezitshalo ezithile zokuhlobisa ukwenza izimbali zikwazi ukuncintisana emakethe.
Isifinyezo
Indima ye-gibberellins inhlobonhlobo futhi ibanzi, kusukela ekukhuthazeni ukwandiswa kwamaseli ezitshalo nokuhluma kwembewu kuya ekulawuleni ukuqhakaza nokuthuthuka kwezithelo, ama-gibberellins adlala indima ebalulekile kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula nokukhula kwezitshalo. Ngokuqonda okujulile kwendlela yokusebenza ye-gibberellins, abakhiqizi bezolimo bangasebenzisa kangcono le phytohormone ukuze bakhulise ukukhula kwezitshalo futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwezolimo. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda nokufunda indima ye-gibberellins kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwezolimo zesimanje kanye ne-horticulture.