Iyini i-butylene glycol? Ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwaleli khemikhali
Yini i-butanediol? Igama elithi butanediol lingase lizwakale lingajwayelekile kubantu abaningi, kodwa i-butanediol (1,4-Butanediol, BDO) idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu embonini yamakhemikhali kanye nokuphila kwansuku zonke. Lesi sihloko sizokunikeza ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwezakhiwo nokusetshenziswa kwe-butanediol nokubaluleka kwayo ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene.
I. Izakhiwo Zamakhemikhali Nokwakheka Kwe-Butanediol
Yini i-butanediol? Ngokombono wamakhemikhali, i-butanediol iyinhlanganisela ye-organic enamaqembu amabili e-hydroxyl (-OH) futhi ifomula yamakhemikhali ithi C4H10O2. Iwuketshezi olungenambala, olune-viscous olunokuncibilika okuhle, olungancibilika ezinhlobonhlobo zezincibilikisi ezifana namanzi, utshwala, ama-ketone, njll. Isakhiwo samangqamuzana e-butanediol siqukethe amaqembu amabili e-hydroxyl, futhi ifomula yamakhemikhali yi-C4H10O2. Ngenxa yesakhiwo samangqamuzana aqukethe amaqembu amabili e-hydroxyl, i-butanediol ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali ikhombisa ukusebenza kabusha okuphezulu, ingabamba iqhaza ku-esterification, i-etherification, i-polycondensation nokunye ukusabela kwamakhemikhali.
Okwesibili, ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-butanediol
Ukuhlola ukuthi iyini i-butanediol akukwazi ukuhlukaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwayo okubanzi embonini. I-Butylene glycol isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ama-polymers, izinyibilikisi nezinye izinto ezibalulekile zamakhemikhali.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-polymer: i-butanediol iyimpahla ebalulekile yokukhiqiza i-polyurethane ne-polyester resins. Ekukhiqizeni i-polyurethane, isetshenziswa njenge-extender yeketanga kanye nezinto ezithambile zengxenye ukunikeza umkhiqizo ukunwebeka okuhle nokumelana nokugqoka; ekukhiqizeni i-polyester, i-butylene glycol iwukhiye wezinto ezingavuthiwe zokukhiqiza i-thermoplastic polyester (isb.

Izincibilikisi: Ngenxa yokuncibilika kwayo okuhle, i-butylene glycol iphinde isetshenziswe njengesixazululi ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza embonini ye-electronics, okokumboza, okokuhlanza nezimonyo. Ikakhulukazi ku-cosmetics, i-butylene glycol isebenza njenge-humectant ne-solvent, isiza ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza komkhiqizo kanye ne-ductility.

Amakhemikhali aphakathi: I-Butylene Glycol iyisandulela esibalulekile sokukhiqizwa kwe-tetrahydrofuran (THF) kanye ne-gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) .THF isetshenziswa kabanzi ekugqokeni okuphakeme kokusebenza, okunamathelayo kanye nembonini yezemithi, kuyilapho i-GBL iyingxenye ebalulekile ephakathi esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izibulala-zinambuzane, imithi nezinyibilikisi.

Okwesithathu, inqubo yokukhiqiza i-butanediol
Ukuqonda ukuthi iyini i-butanediol, udinga futhi ukugxila enqubweni yayo yokukhiqiza. Njengamanje, izindlela eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza i-butanediol zifaka:
Indlela ye-aldehyde-alcohol condensation: Lena inqubo yokukhiqiza evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu, ngokusebenzisa ukufiphala kwe-acetaldehyde kanye ne-formaldehyde ukukhiqiza i-1,3-dioxolane, bese i-hydrolysed ukuze ikhiqize i-butanediol. Le ndlela inezinzuzo zenqubo evuthiwe kanye nezindleko eziphansi zezinto ezingavuthiwe.

Indlela ye-ethylene oxide: I-Ethylene oxide isabela ne-carbon dioxide ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst ukukhiqiza i-vinyl carbonate, ebese i-hydrolysed ukukhiqiza i-butanediol. Izimo zokusabela zale ndlela zimnene, kodwa ukutshalwa kwezimali kumishini kuphezulu.

IV. Amathemba Emakethe we-Butanediol
Ukuxoxa ngokuthi iyini i-butanediol, kuyadingeka futhi ukuhlola amathuba ayo emakethe. Ngokukhula kwesidingo somhlaba wonke sezinto zokusebenza eziphezulu, isidingo semakethe se-butanediol sikhula unyaka nonyaka. Ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, izimoto ezintsha zamandla kanye nezingubo ezihambisana nemvelo, isidingo se-butanediol siyathembisa.
Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwe-bio-based butanediol nakho kuqhubeka kancane kancane. Ukusetshenziswa kwalo mthombo ovuselelekayo kuzophinde kwandise indawo yemakethe ye-butanediol futhi kusize ekunciphiseni ukuncika emithonjeni ye-petrochemical.
Isiphetho
Yini i-butanediol? Akuyona nje into ebalulekile yamakhemikhali eluhlaza enezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo ezimbonini eziningana, kodwa futhi idonsa ukunakwa kwezakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali ezinhle kakhulu kanye nokuhlukahluka. Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nesidingo esikhulayo semakethe, i-butanediol izobonisa inani layo elibalulekile emikhakheni eminingi.