I-Polycarbonate (PC) iyiketango lamangqamuzana aqukethe iqembu le-carbonate, ngokusho kwesakhiwo samangqamuzana anamaqembu e-ester ahlukene, ingahlukaniswa ibe i-aliphatic, i-alicyclic, iphunga elimnandi, okuyinani elisebenzayo kakhulu leqembu elimnandi, kanye nohlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lwe-bisphenol A. i-polycarbonate, isisindo esijwayelekile samangqamuzana esindayo esijwayelekile (Mw) ngama-20-100,000.

Isithombe ifomula yesakhiwo se-PC

I-Polycarbonate inamandla amahle, ukuqina, obala, ukumelana nokushisa nokubanda, ukucutshungulwa kalula, ukunqanda ilangabi nokunye ukusebenza okuphelele, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko ezansi nomfula ziyizinto zikagesi, amashidi kanye nezimoto, lezi zimboni ezintathu zenza cishe u-80% wokusetshenziswa kwe-polycarbonate, nezinye izingxenye zemishini yezimboni, i-CD-ROM, ukupakishwa, okokusebenza kwasehhovisi, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha nezempilo, ifilimu, izinto zokungcebeleka nezokuvikela kanye neminye imikhakha eminingi nayo isizuzile. uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, eziba ngomunye wamapulasitiki wobunjiniyela amahlanu esigabeni esikhula ngokushesha.

Ngo-2020, umthamo wokukhiqiza we-PC womhlaba wonke ongamathani ayizigidi ezingama-5.88, amandla okukhiqiza we-PC yaseChina angamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.94 / ngonyaka, ukukhiqizwa kwamathani angaba ngu-960,000, kanti ukusetshenziswa okusobala kwe-polycarbonate eChina ngo-2020 kwafinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingama-2.34, kukhona igebe. cishe amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.38, adinga ukuthengwa emazweni angaphandle. Isidingo esikhulu semakethe sihehe ukutshalwa kwezimali okuningi ukuze kwandiswe ukukhiqizwa, kulinganiselwa ukuthi maningi amaphrojekthi e-PC asakhiwayo futhi ahlongozwa eChina ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi amandla okukhiqiza asekhaya azodlula amathani ayizigidi ezi-3 / ngonyaka eminyakeni emithathu ezayo, futhi imboni ye-PC ikhombisa ukuthambekela okusheshisiwe kokudluliselwa e-China.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinqubo zokukhiqiza ze-PC? Uyini umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwe-PC ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe? Yibaphi abakhiqizi be-PC abakhulu e-China? Okulandelayo, senza ikamu kafushane.

Izindlela ezintathu zokukhiqiza ezijwayelekile ze-PC

Indlela ye-interfacial polycondensation photogas, indlela yokushintshanisa ye-ester encibilikisiwe yendabuko kanye nendlela yokushintshanisa i-ester encibilikisiwe engeyona i-photogas yizinqubo ezintathu zokukhiqiza eziyinhloko embonini ye-PC.
Isithombe Isithombe
1. I-interfacial polycondensation phosgene indlela

Ukusabela kwe-phosgene kusixazululi se-inert ne-aqueous sodium hydroxide solution ye-bisphenol A ukuze kukhiqizwe i-polycarbonate yamangqamuzana amancane, bese ijiya ibe yi-polycarbonate ephezulu yamangqamuzana. Ngesinye isikhathi, cishe i-90% yemikhiqizo yezimboni ye-polycarbonate yahlanganiswa ngale ndlela.

Izinzuzo ze-interfacial polycondensation phosgene indlela ye-PC isisindo esiphezulu se-molecular, esingafinyelela ku-1.5 ~ 2 * 105, nemikhiqizo ehlanzekile, izakhiwo ezinhle ze-optical, ukumelana okungcono kwe-hydrolysis, nokucubungula kalula. Ububi ukuthi inqubo ye-polymerization idinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-phosgene enobuthi kakhulu kanye nezinyibilikisi ezinobuthi neziguquguqukayo ezifana ne-methylene chloride, ezidala ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okukhulu.

Indlela yokushintshanisa i-Melt ester, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ontogenic polymerization, yasungulwa okokuqala ngabakwa-Bayer, isebenzisa i-bisphenol A encibilikisiwe kanye ne-diphenyl carbonate (i-Diphenyl Carbonate, i-DPC), ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu, i-vacuum ephezulu, isimo sokuba khona kwe-catalyst for ester exchange, pre-condensation, condensation. ukusabela.

Ngokwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa enqubweni ye-DPC, ingahlukaniswa ngendlela yendabuko yokushintshanisa i-ester encibilikisiwe (eyaziwa nangokuthi indlela ye-photogas engaqondile) kanye nendlela yokushintshanisa i-ester engeyona i-photogas encibilikisiwe.

2. Indlela yokushintshanisa ye-ester encibilikisiwe yendabuko

Ihlukaniswe ngezinyathelo ezi-2: (1) i-phosgene + phenol → DPC; (2) I-DPC + BPA → I-PC, okuyinqubo ye-phosgene engaqondile.

Inqubo imfushane, ayinaso i-solvent, futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphansi kancane kunendlela ye-interfacial condensation phosgene, kodwa inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-DPC isasebenzisa i-phosgene, futhi umkhiqizo we-DPC uqukethe amanani omkhondo wamaqembu e-chloroformate, azothinta umkhiqizo wokugcina. ikhwalithi ye-PC, ethi ngokwezinga elithile ikhawulele ukukhuthazwa kwenqubo.

3. Indlela yokushintshanisa i-ester engeyona i-phosgene encibilikisiwe

Le ndlela ihlukaniswe ngezinyathelo ezimbili: (1) DMC + phenol → DPC; (2) I-DPC + BPA → I-PC, esebenzisa i-dimethyl carbonate DMC njengempahla eluhlaza kanye ne-phenol ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-DPC.

I-phenol yomkhiqizo etholwe ekushintshanisweni kwe-ester kanye nokufingqa ingaphinda isetshenziswe ekuhlanganisweni kwenqubo ye-DPC, ngaleyo ndlela ibone ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nomnotho omuhle; ngenxa yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, umkhiqizo nawo awudingi ukomiswa nokugeza, futhi izinga lomkhiqizo lihle. Inqubo ayisebenzisi i-phosgene, ihambisana nemvelo, futhi iyindlela yenqubo eluhlaza.

Ngezidingo zikazwelonke zemfucuza emithathu yamabhizinisi e-petrochemical Ngokukhula kwezidingo zikazwelonke mayelana nokuphepha nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kwamabhizinisi e-petrochemical kanye nomkhawulo wokusetshenziswa kwe-phosgene, ubuchwepheshe bokushintshanisa i-non-phosgene molten ester exchange kancane kancane buzothatha indawo ye-interfacial polycondensation indlela ikusasa njengesiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kwe-PC emhlabeni.