I-Polycarbonate (PC) iyiketango lamangqamuzana aqukethe iqembu le-carbonate, ngokusho kwesakhiwo samangqamuzana anamaqembu e-ester ahlukene, ingahlukaniswa ibe i-aliphatic, i-alicyclic, iphunga elimnandi, okuyinani eliwusizo kakhulu leqembu elimnandi, kanye ne-bisphenol ebaluleke kakhulu yohlobo lwe-polycarbonate, isisindo esijwayelekile esindayo esijwayelekile samangqamuzana (Mw) ngo-20-100,000.

Isithombe ifomula yesakhiwo se-PC

I-Polycarbonate inamandla amahle, ukuqina, obala, ukumelana nokushisa nokubanda, ukucutshungulwa kalula, i-flame retardant nokunye ukusebenza okuphelele, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko ezisezingeni eliphansi ziyizinto zikagesi, ishidi kanye nezimoto, lezi zimboni ezintathu zenza cishe u-80% wokusetshenziswa kwe-polycarbonate, ezinye izingxenye zemishini yezimboni, i-CD-ROM, ukupakisha, imishini yasehhovisi, ifilimu kanye nezinye izinto zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanye nezinye izinto zokunakekelwa kwezempilo. uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, eziba ngomunye wamapulasitiki wobunjiniyela amahlanu esigabeni esikhula ngokushesha.

Ngo-2020, umthamo wokukhiqiza we-PC womhlaba wonke ongamathani ayizigidi ezingu-5.88, umthamo wokukhiqiza we-PC waseChina wamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.94 / ngonyaka, ukukhiqizwa kwamathani angaba ngu-960,000, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa okusobala kwe-polycarbonate e-China ngo-2020 kwafinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.34, kunegebe elicishe libe yi-1.38 million emazweni angaphandle liye emazweni angaphandle kuya kwamanye amazwe. Isidingo esikhulu semakethe sihehe ukutshalwa kwezimali okuningi ukuze kwandiswe ukukhiqizwa, kulinganiselwa ukuthi maningi amaphrojekthi e-PC asakhiwayo futhi ahlongozwa eChina ngasikhathi sinye, futhi amandla okukhiqiza asekhaya azodlula amathani ayizigidi ezi-3 ngonyaka eminyakeni emithathu ezayo, futhi imboni ye-PC ikhombisa umkhuba osheshayo wokudluliselwa eChina.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinqubo zokukhiqiza ze-PC? Uyini umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwe-PC ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe? Yibaphi abakhiqizi be-PC abakhulu e-China? Okulandelayo, senza ikamu kafushane.

Izindlela ezintathu zokukhiqiza ezijwayelekile ze-PC

Indlela ye-interfacial polycondensation photogas, indlela yokushintshanisa ye-ester encibilikisiwe yendabuko kanye nendlela yokushintshanisa i-ester encibilikisiwe engeyona i-photogas yizinqubo ezintathu zokukhiqiza eziyinhloko embonini ye-PC.
Isithombe Isithombe
1. I-interfacial polycondensation phosgene indlela

Ukusabela kwe-phosgene kusixazululi se-inert ne-aqueous sodium hydroxide solution ye-bisphenol A ukuze kukhiqizwe i-polycarbonate yamangqamuzana amancane, bese ijiya ibe yi-polycarbonate ephezulu yamangqamuzana. Ngesinye isikhathi, cishe i-90% yemikhiqizo yezimboni ye-polycarbonate yahlanganiswa ngale ndlela.

Izinzuzo ze-interfacial polycondensation phosgene indlela ye-PC isisindo esiphezulu se-molecular, esingafinyelela ku-1.5 ~ 2 * 105, nemikhiqizo ehlanzekile, izakhiwo ezinhle ze-optical, ukumelana okungcono kwe-hydrolysis, nokucubungula kalula. Ububi ukuthi inqubo ye-polymerization idinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-phosgene enobuthi kakhulu kanye nezinyibilikisi ezinobuthi neziguquguqukayo ezifana ne-methylene chloride, ezidala ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okukhulu.

Indlela yokushintshanisa i-Melt ester, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ontogenic polymerization, yasungulwa okokuqala yi-Bayer, isebenzisa i-bisphenol A encibilikisiwe kanye ne-diphenyl carbonate (i-Diphenyl Carbonate, i-DPC), ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu, i-vacuum ephezulu, isimo sokuba khona kwe-catalyst for ester exchange, pre-condensation, ukusabela kwe-condensation.

Ngokwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa enqubweni ye-DPC, ingahlukaniswa ngendlela yendabuko yokushintshanisa i-ester encibilikisiwe (eyaziwa nangokuthi indlela ye-photogas engaqondile) kanye nendlela yokushintshanisa i-ester engeyona i-photogas encibilikisiwe.

2. Indlela yokushintshanisa ye-ester encibilikisiwe yendabuko

Ihlukaniswe ngezinyathelo ezi-2: (1) i-phosgene + phenol → DPC; (2) I-DPC + BPA → I-PC, okuyinqubo ye-phosgene engaqondile.

Inqubo imfushane, ayinaso i-solvent, futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza zingaphansi kancane kunendlela ye-interfacial condensation phosgene, kodwa inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-DPC isasebenzisa i-phosgene, futhi umkhiqizo we-DPC uqukethe amanani omkhondo wamaqembu e-chloroformate, azothinta ikhwalithi yokugcina yomkhiqizo we-PC, okuthi ngokwezinga elithile ikhawulele ukukhuthazwa kwenqubo.

3. Indlela yokushintshanisa i-ester engeyona i-phosgene encibilikisiwe

Le ndlela ihlukaniswe ngezinyathelo ezimbili: (1) DMC + phenol → DPC; (2) I-DPC + BPA → I-PC, esebenzisa i-dimethyl carbonate DMC njengempahla eluhlaza kanye ne-phenol ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-DPC.

I-phenol yomkhiqizo etholwe ekushintshanisweni kwe-ester kanye nokufingqa ingaphinda isetshenziswe ekuhlanganisweni kwenqubo ye-DPC, ngaleyo ndlela ibone ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nomnotho omuhle; ngenxa yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, umkhiqizo nawo awudingi ukomiswa nokugeza, futhi izinga lomkhiqizo lihle. Inqubo ayisebenzisi i-phosgene, ihambisana nemvelo, futhi iyindlela yenqubo eluhlaza.

Ngezidingo zikazwelonke zemfucuza emithathu yamabhizinisi e-petrochemical Ngokukhula kwezidingo zikazwelonke mayelana nokuphepha nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kwamabhizinisi e-petrochemical kanye nomkhawulo wokusetshenziswa kwe-phosgene, ubuchwepheshe bokushintshaniswa kwe-non-phosgene encibilikisiwe be-ester buzothatha indawo kancane kancane indlela ye-polycondensation ye-interfacial esikhathini esizayo njengesiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kwe-PC emhlabeni.