I-Vinyl acetate (VAc), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-vinyl acetate noma i-vinyl acetate, iwuketshezi olungenambala futhi olusobala ekamelweni lokushisa nokucindezela. Njengenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini zemvelo, i-VAc ingakhiqiza i-polyvinyl acetate resin (PVAc), i-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), i-polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nokunye okuphuma kuyo ngokusebenzisa i-polymerization yayo noma i-copolymerization namanye ama-monomers. Lawa ma-derivatives asetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni, kwezindwangu, emishinini, kwezemithi kanye nezimondisi zenhlabathi.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwe-Vinyl Acetate Industry Chain

Ukukhuphuka komfula we-vinyl acetate industry chain ikakhulukazi yakhiwe ngezinto ezingavuthiwe ezifana ne-acetylene, i-acetic acid, i-ethylene ne-hydrogen, njll. Izindlela zokulungiselela eziyinhloko zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: enye iyindlela ye-petroleum ethylene, eyenziwe nge-ethylene, i-acetic acid ne-hydrogen, futhi ithintwa ukuguquguquka kwamanani kawoyela ongahluziwe. Enye iwukulungiswa kwe-acetylene ngegesi yemvelo noma i-calcium carbide, bese kuthi i-acetic acid synthesis ye-vinyl acetate, igesi yemvelo ibize kancane kune-calcium carbide. Ezansi nomfula ngokuyinhloko ukulungiswa kwe-polyvinyl alcohol, i-latex emhlophe (i-polyvinyl acetate emulsion), i-VAE, i-EVA ne-PAN, njll., okuyisidingo esikhulu sayo i-polyvinyl alcohol.

1, Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezikhuphukayo ze-vinyl acetate

I-Acetic acid iwukhiye wempahla eluhlaza enhla nomfula we-VAE, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kunokuhlobana okuqinile ne-VAE. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi kusukela ngo-2010, ukusetshenziswa okusobala kwe-acetic acid eChina sekukonke kuwumkhuba okhulayo, kuphela ngonyaka ka-2015 ngenxa yentuthuko yemboni yehla futhi izinguquko zesidingo esingezansi zehlile, u-2020 wafinyelela amathani ayizigidi eziyisi-7.2, ukwanda ngo-3.6% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2019. ukushintsha kwesakhiwo se-vinyl acetate kanye neminye imikhiqizo, izinga lokusetshenziswa likhulile, imboni ye-acetic acid iyonke izoqhubeka khula.

Ngokwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingezansi, i-25.6% ye-acetic acid isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-PTA (i-terephthalic acid ehlanzekile), i-19.4% ye-acetic acid isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-vinyl acetate, kanti i-18.1% ye-acetic acid isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-ethyl acetate. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iphethini yemboni yokuphuma kokuphuma kwe-acetic ibilokhu izinzile. I-vinyl acetate isetshenziswa njengenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zokusetshenziswa kwe-acetic acid ezansi nomfula.

2. Isakhiwo esiphansi se-vinyl acetate

I-Vinyl acetate isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza utshwala be-polyvinyl ne-EVA, njll. I-Vinyl acetate (Vac), i-ester elula ye-asidi egcwele kanye notshwala obungagcwalisiwe, ingenziwa i-polymerized ngokwayo noma namanye ama-monomers ukukhiqiza ama-polymers afana ne-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), I-ethylene vinyl acetate - i-ethylene copolymer (EVA), njll. Ama-polymers atholakalayo angasetshenziswa njengama-adhesives, iphepha noma indwangu. ama-sizing ejenti, opende, oyinki, ukucutshungulwa kwesikhumba, ama-emulsifiers, amafilimu ancibilika emanzini, nezimo zenhlabathi kukhemikhali, izindwangu Inezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo kumakhemikhali, izindwangu, imboni yokukhanya, ukwenza amaphepha, ukwakhiwa kanye nezinkambu zezimoto. Idatha ibonisa ukuthi u-65% we-vinyl acetate usetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza utshwala be-polyvinyl futhi u-12% we-vinyl acetate usetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-polyvinyl acetate.

Ukuhlaziywa kwesimo samanje semakethe ye-vinyl acetate

1, Umthamo wokukhiqiza we-vinyl acetate kanye nezinga lokuqala

Ngaphezulu kwamaphesenti angama-60 omthamo wokukhiqiza we-vinyl acetate womhlaba ugxile esifundeni sase-Asia, kuyilapho amandla okukhiqiza i-vinyl acetate yaseChina enza cishe u-40% wawo wonke amandla okukhiqiza emhlabeni futhi iyizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni elikhiqiza i-vinyl acetate. Uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela ye-acetylene, indlela ye-ethylene inomnotho futhi inobungani bemvelo, nokuhlanzeka okuphezulu komkhiqizo. Njengoba amandla embonini yamakhemikhali yaseShayina ikakhulukazi ethembele emalahleni, ukukhiqizwa kwe-vinyl acetate kusekelwe kakhulu endleleni ye-acetylene, futhi imikhiqizo iphansi kakhulu. Umthamo wokukhiqiza we-vinyl acetate wasekhaya wanda kakhulu phakathi kuka-2013-2016, ngenkathi uhlala ungashintshiwe phakathi kuka-2016-2018. Imboni ye-vinyl acetate yaseChina yango-2019 iveza isimo sokugcwala ngokweqile kwesakhiwo, esinomthamo oweqile kumayunithi wenqubo ye-calcium carbide acetylene kanye nokugxilwa kwemboni ephezulu. 2020, umthamo wokukhiqiza we-vinyl acetate waseChina wamathani ayizigidi ezi-2.65 ngonyaka, unyaka nonyaka.

2, Ukusetshenziswa kwe-vinyl acetate

Mayelana nokusetshenziswa, i-vinyl acetate yaseChina iyonke ikhombisa ukuguquguquka okukhuphukayo, futhi imakethe ye-vinyl acetate e-China ibilokhu ikhula kancane ngenxa yokukhula kwesidingo se-EVA esezansi nomfula, njll. Idatha ibonisa ukuthi, ngaphandle kuka-2018 , Ukusetshenziswa kwe-vinyl acetate yaseChina ngezici ezifana nokukhuphuka kwamanani e-acetic acid, ukusetshenziswa kwehlile, kusukela ngo-2013 imakethe ye-vinyl acetate yaseChina isidingo sikhuphuke ngokushesha, ukusetshenziswa kukhuphuke unyaka nonyaka, kusukela ngo-2020 okuphansi kufinyelele amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.95, okuwukunyuka ngo-4.8% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2019.

3, Intengo emaphakathi yemakethe ye-vinyl acetate

Ngokombono wezintengo zemakethe ye-vinyl acetate, ethintwe umthamo oweqile, izintengo zemboni zahlala zizinzile ngo-2009-2020. 2014 ngokuncishiswa kokuhlinzekwa kwempahla phesheya kwezilwandle, amanani entengo yemikhiqizo yezimboni anyuke kakhulu, amabhizinisi asekhaya akhulisa ukukhiqiza, okuholela ekukhuleni okukhulu ngokweqile. Izintengo ze-vinyl acetate zehla kakhulu ngo-2015 no-2016, futhi ngo-2017, ezithintekile izinqubomgomo zokuvikela imvelo, izintengo zomkhiqizo wezimboni zenyuka kakhulu. Ngo-2019, ngenxa yokutholakala okwanele emakethe ye-acetic acid ekhuphukayo kanye nokuncipha kwesidingo embonini yezokwakha ezansi nomfula, amanani entengo yomkhiqizo wezimboni ehle kakhulu, kwathi ngo-2020, kwathintwa ubhubhane, inani lentengo lemikhiqizo lehla kakhulu, futhi kusukela ngoJulayi 2021, amanani emakethe yasempumalanga afinyelele ngaphezu kwe-12,000 Ukukhuphuka kwentengo kukhulu, okubangelwa ikakhulukazi umthelela wezindaba ezinhle zokukhuphuka kwamanani kawoyela ongahluziwe kanye ukunikezwa kwemakethe okuphansi sekukonke okubangelwa ukuvalwa kwefekthri noma ukubambezeleka.

Uhlolojikelele lwezinkampani ze-Ethyl Acetate

Ingxenye yamabhizinisi aseShayina i-Ethyl acetate Izitshalo ezine zeSinopec zinomthamo wamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.22 ngonyaka, ezibalelwa ku-43% wezwe, kanti i-Anhui Wanwei Group inamathani angama-750,000 ngonyaka, ibalwa ngama-26.5%. Ingxenye etshalwe kwamanye amazwe i-Nanjing Celanese amathani angama-350,000 ngonyaka, ibalwa ku-12%, kanye nengxenye yangasese ye-Inner Mongolia Shuangxin kanye ne-Ningxia Dadi isamba samathani angama-560,000 ngonyaka, okubalelwa ku-20%. Abakhiqizi bamanje be-vinyl acetate basekhaya ikakhulukazi batholakala eNyakatho-ntshonalanga, eMpumalanga China naseNingizimu-ntshonalanga, amandla aseNyakatho-ntshonalanga alinganiselwa ku-51.6%, i-East China ibalwa ku-20.8%, iNyakatho ye-China ibalwa ku-6.4% kanye ne-Southwest accounting 21.2%.

Ukuhlaziywa kokubuka kwe-vinyl acetate

1, Ukukhula kwesidingo se-EVA phansi komfula

I-EVA ezansi nomfula we-vinyl acetate ingasetshenziswa njengefilimu ye-PV cell encapsulation. Ngokusho kwenethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke yamandla amasha, i-EVA evela ku-ethylene ne-vinyl acetate (VA) ama-monomers amabili ngokusabela kwe-copolymerization, ingxenye enkulu ye-VA ku-5% -40%, ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle, umkhiqizo usetshenziswa kabanzi kugwebu, olusebenzayo. ifilimu elichithiwe, ifilimu yokupakisha, imikhiqizo efutha umjovo, ama-ejenti ahlanganisayo nezinamathiselo, ucingo nekhebula, ifilimu ye-photovoltaic cell encapsulation kanye nokuncibilika okushisayo ama-adhesives, njll. 2020 ngosizo lwe-photovoltaic ngonyaka odlule, abakhiqizi abaningi basekhaya bamamojula bamemezele ukwanda kokukhiqizwa, futhi ngokuhlukahluka kosayizi wemojula ye-photovoltaic, izinga lokungena kwemojula yengilazi ephindwe kabili yengilazi landa kakhulu, isidingo se-photovoltaic amamojula angaphezu kokukhula okulindelekile, akhuthaza ukukhula kwesidingo se-EVA. Kulindeleke ukuthi kukhiqizwe amathani angu-800,000 e-EVA ngo-2021. Ngokusho kokulinganisa, ukukhula kwamathani angu-800,000 omthamo wokukhiqiza we-EVA kuzothuthukisa ukukhula kwaminyaka yonke kwamathani angu-144,000 wesidingo se-vinyl acetate, okuzothuthukisa ukukhula konyaka. zamathani ayi-103,700 esidingo se-acetic acid.

2, I-Vinyl acetate overcapacity, imikhiqizo ephezulu isadinga ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe

I-China inomthamo oweqile we-vinyl acetate, futhi imikhiqizo ephezulu isadinga ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Njengamanje, ukuhlinzekwa kwe-vinyl acetate e-China kudlula isidingo, ngokugcwala ngokweqile kanye nokukhiqizwa ngokweqile okuncike ekusetshenzisweni kwamanye amazwe. Kusukela ekunwetshweni kwamandla okukhiqiza i-vinyl acetate ngo-2014, ukuthunyelwa kwe-vinyl acetate yaseChina kuye kwanda kakhulu, futhi eminye imikhiqizo evela kwamanye amazwe ithathelwe indawo amandla okukhiqiza asekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthengiswa kwe-China ikakhulukazi yimikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi, kanti ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe ikakhulukazi kuyimikhiqizo ephezulu. Njengamanje, i-China isadinga ukuthembela ekuthengisweni kwemikhiqizo ye-vinyl acetate ephezulu, futhi imboni ye-vinyl acetate isenayo indawo yokuthuthukiswa emakethe yemikhiqizo ephezulu.