I-MMA, eyaziwa ngokugcwele nge-methyl methacrylate, iyimpahla ebalulekile yokukhiqiza i-polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-acrylic. Ngokuthuthukiswa kokulungiswa kwemboni ye-PMMA, ukuthuthukiswa kochungechunge lwemboni ye-MMA kuhlehliselwe emuva. Ngokusho kocwaningo, kunezinqubo ezintathu zokukhiqiza ezijwayelekile ze-MMA, okuyi-acetone cyanohydrin indlela (indlela ye-ACH), indlela ye-ethylene carbonylation kanye nendlela ye-isobutylene oxidation (indlela ye-C4). Njengamanje, indlela ye-ACH kanye nendlela ye-C4 isetshenziswa kakhulu emabhizinisini okukhiqiza aseShayina, futhi ayikho iyunithi yokukhiqiza yezimboni yendlela ye-ethylene carbonylation.

Ucwaningo lwethu lochungechunge lwenani le-MMA luhlaziya izinqubo ezintathu zokukhiqiza ezingenhla kanye ne-halo enkulu yentengo ye-PMMA engezansi nomfula ngokulandelanayo.

Umfanekiso 1 Ishadi eligelezayo lochungechunge lwemboni ye-MMA elinezinqubo ezahlukene (Umthombo wesithombe: Imboni Yamakhemikhali)

Uchungechunge lwemboni I: ACH indlela ye-MMA yochungechunge lwenani
Enqubweni yokukhiqiza ye-ACH indlela ye-MMA, izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko yi-acetone ne-hydrocyanic acid, lapho i-hydrocyanic acid ikhiqizwa ngomkhiqizo we-acrylonitrile, kanye ne-methanol eyisiza, ngakho imboni ngokuvamile isebenzisa i-acetone, i-acrylonitrile ne-methanol njengezindleko zokubala. ukwakheka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Phakathi kwazo, amathani angu-0.69 e-acetone namathani angu-0,32 e-acrylonitrile namathani angu-0.35 e-methanol abalwa njengokusetshenziswa kweyunithi. Ekwakhekeni kwezindleko zendlela ye-ACH ye-MMA, izindleko ze-acetone zenza ingxenye enkulu kakhulu, ilandelwa yi-hydrocyanic acid ekhiqizwa ngomkhiqizo we-acrylonitrile, futhi i-methanol ilandisa ngengxenye encane kakhulu.

Ngokokuhlolwa kokuhlobana kwentengo kwe-acetone, i-methanol ne-acrylonitrile eminyakeni emithathu edlule, kutholakala ukuthi ukuhlobana kwendlela ye-ACH ye-MMA ne-acetone kucishe kube ngu-19%, nge-methanol cishe ku-57% futhi ngokusho kwe-acrylonitrile cishe ku-18%. Kuyabonakala ukuthi kukhona igebe phakathi kwalokhu kanye nesabelo sezindleko ku-MMA, lapho isabelo esiphezulu se-acetone sezindleko ze-MMA singakwazi ukuboniswa ekushintshashintsheni kwentengo ekuguquguqukeni kwentengo ye-ACH indlela ye-MMA, kuyilapho ukushintshashintsha kwentengo. ye-methanol inomthelela omkhulu ngentengo ye-MMA kune-acetone.

Kodwa-ke, isabelo sezindleko ze-methanol singama-7% kuphela, kanti isabelo sezindleko se-acetone singama-26%. Ocwaningweni lochungechunge lwenani le-MMA, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka izinguquko zezindleko ze-acetone.

Sekukonke, uchungechunge lwenani lwe-ACH MMA ngokuyinhloko luvela ekushintshashintsheni kwezindleko ze-acetone ne-methanol, phakathi kwayo i-acetone enomthelela omkhulu kunani le-MMA.

Uchungechunge lwemboni II: C4 indlela ye-MMA yochungechunge lwenani

Ochungechungeni lwenani lendlela ye-C4 ye-MMA, izinto zayo zokusetshenziswa ziyi-isobutylene ne-methanol, phakathi kwayo i-isobutylene ingumkhiqizo we-isobutylene omsulwa, ophuma ekukhiqizweni kokuqhekeka kwe-MTBE. Futhi i-methanol ingumkhiqizo we-methanol wezimboni, ovela ekukhiqizeni amalahle.

Ngokusho kokwakhiwa kwezindleko ze-C4 MMA, izindleko eziguquguqukayo zokusetshenziswa kweyunithi ye-isobutene ngu-0.82 kanye ne-methanol ngu-0.35. Ngokuqhubeka kwawo wonke umuntu kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, ukusetshenziswa kweyunithi kuye kwehliswa kwaba ngu-0.8 embonini, okuye kwanciphisa izindleko ze-C4 MMA ngezinga elithile. Ezinye izindleko ezingaguquki, njengamanzi, ugesi negesi, izindleko zezimali, izindleko zokukhuculula indle nokunye.

Kulokhu, isabelo se-isobutylene esiphezulu sezindleko ze-MMA singama-58%, kanti isabelo se-methanol ngezindleko ze-MMA cishe si-6%. Kungabonakala ukuthi i-isobutene iyizindleko ezinkulu eziguquguqukayo ku-C4 MMA, lapho ukuguqulwa kwentengo ye-isobutene kunomthelela omkhulu ezindlekweni ze-C4 MMA.

Umthelela wochungechunge lwenani lokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwe-isobutene ulandelelwa emuva ekuguquguqukeni kwentengo ye-MTBE, edla ukusetshenziswa kweyunithi engu-1.57 futhi ehlanganisa ngaphezu kuka-80% wezindleko zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwe-isobutene. Izindleko ze-MTBE zivela ku-methanol kanye ne-pre-ether C4, lapho ukwakheka kwe-pre-ether C4 kungaxhunyaniswa ne-feedstock yochungechunge lwenani.

Ukwengeza, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwe-isobutene kungakhiqizwa yi-tert-butanol dehydration, futhi amanye amabhizinisi azosebenzisa i-tert-butanol njengesisekelo sokubala izindleko ze-MMA, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kweyunithi ye-tert-butanol kungu-1.52. Ngokwezibalo ze-tert-butanol 6200 yuan/ton, i-tert-butanol ibiza cishe u-70% wezindleko ze-MMA, enkulu kune-isobutene.

Ngamanye amazwi, uma ukuxhunyaniswa kwentengo ye-tert-butanol kusetshenziswa, ukuguquguquka kochungechunge lwenani lwe-C4 indlela ye-MMA, isisindo sethonya se-tert-butanol sikhulu kuneso se-isobutene.

Ukufingqa, ku-C4 MMA, isisindo sethonya sokuguquguquka kwenani silinganiswa ukusuka phezulu ukuya phansi: tert-butanol, isobutene, MTBE, methanol, uwoyela ongahluziwe.

Uchungechunge lwezimboni III: Iketango lenani le-Ethylene carbonylation MMA

Alikho icala lokukhiqiza lezimboni le-MMA nge-ethylene carbonylation e-China, ngakho-ke umthelela wokuguquguquka kwenani awukwazi ukucatshangelwa ukukhiqizwa kwangempela kwezimboni. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kweyunithi yokusetshenziswa kwe-ethylene ku-ethylene carbonylation, i-ethylene ingumthelela omkhulu wezindleko ekwakhiweni kwezindleko ze-MMA zale nqubo, engaphezu kuka-85%.

 
Uchungechunge lwezimboni IV: Uchungechunge lwenani le-PMMA

I-PMMA, njengomkhiqizo oyinhloko ongezansi womfula we-MMA, yenza ngaphezu kuka-70% wokusetshenziswa konyaka kwe-MMA.

Ngokuya ngokwakheka kochungechunge lwenani lwe-PMMA, lapho ukusetshenziswa kweyunithi yokusetshenziswa kwe-MMA kungu-0.93, i-MMA ibalwa ngokuya ngamayuan ayi-13,400/ton futhi i-PMMA ibalwa ngokuya ngamayuan ayi-15,800/ton, izindleko eziguquguqukayo ze-MMA ku-PMMA zilinganiselwa cishe 79%, okuyiphesenti eliphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa.

Ngamanye amazwi, ukuguquguquka kwentengo ye-MMA kunomthelela onamandla ekuguquguqukeni kwenani le-PMMA, okuwumthelela onamandla wokuhlobana. Ngokuvumelana nokuguquguquka kwentengo phakathi kwalokhu kokubili eminyakeni emithathu edlule, ukuhlobana phakathi kwalokhu kokubili kungaphezu kwama-82%, okungeyethonya lokuhlobana okuqinile. Ngakho-ke, ukuguquguquka kwentengo ye-MMA kuzobangela ukuguquguquka kwentengo ye-PMMA endaweni efanayo namathuba aphezulu.