Ukusetshenziswa Kwe-Hydrochloric Acid: Ukuhlaziywa Okubanzi kanye Nengxoxo Yezindawo Zokusebenza
IHydrochloric acid (ifomula yamakhemikhali: HCl) iyikhemikhali evamile futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi ebalulekile embonini. Njenge-asidi eqinile, engenambala noma ephuzi kancane, i-hydrochloric acid ayidlali nje indima ebalulekile embonini yamakhemikhali, kodwa futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi kwezinye izinkambu ezihlukahlukene. Kulesi sihloko, sibheka ngokucophelela ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-hydrochloric acid ukukusiza ukuthi uqonde ngokugcwele ukubaluleka kwaleli khemikhali.
1. Ukufakwa kwe-hydrochloric acid embonini yamakhemikhali
a. Ukuze pickling
Enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu i-hydrochloric acid ukucolwa kwezindawo zensimbi. Phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza insimbi, i-hydrochloric acid isetshenziselwa ukususa ama-iron oxides nokunye ukungcola ebusweni bensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukuhlanzeka nokuqedwa kwendawo yensimbi. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi kuthuthukiswa kakhulu ngale nqubo, okwenza kube kulungele ukucubungula okulandelayo.
b. Indima ye-hydrochloric acid ku-organic synthesis
Ku-organic synthesis, i-hydrochloric acid ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-catalyst noma i-reaction medium. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlanganisela eziningi eziphilayo azihlukaniseki nokubamba iqhaza kwe-hydrochloric acid, njengokulungiswa kwama-hydrocarbons ane-chlorine kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi. I-Hydrochloric acid, njengesixazululo esinamanzi se-hydrogen chloride, inganikeza ngempumelelo ama-ion e-chloride, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukusabela kwamakhemikhali.
2. Ukubaluleka kwe-hydrochloric acid ekwelapheni kwamanzi
a. ukulungiswa kwe-pH
I-Hydrochloric acid ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukulawula inani le-pH lamanzi ezinqubweni zokwelashwa kwamanzi. Ngokungeza i-hydrochloric acid ngamanani afanelekile, i-alkalinity yamanzi ingancishiswa futhi ilungiswe kububanzi obufanele be-pH. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile ezimbonini nasekuhlanzeni amanzi okuphuza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ikhwalithi yamanzi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha.
b. Ukususwa kwesikali kanye ne-sediment
I-Hydrochloric acid nayo isetshenziswa kabanzi ukuhlanza isikali nokufaka ngaphakathi kwama-boilers, ama-condensers nezinye izinto zokusebenza. Lawa ma-diphozithi angathinta ukusebenza kahle kokudluliswa kokushisa kwemishini futhi aholele nasekulimaleni kwemishini. Ngokuncibilikisa i-calcium carbonate namanye amadiphozithi nge-hydrochloric acid, impilo yesevisi yemishini inganwetshwa ngokuphumelelayo futhi izindleko zokuyilungisa zingancishiswa.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydrochloric acid embonini yokudla
a. Sebenzisa ekucubunguleni ukudla
IHydrochloric acid isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokudla ukukhiqiza izithasiselo zokudla kanye nama-flavour. Isibonelo, ekukhiqizeni i-monosodium glutamate (MSG) kanye noshukela wesitashi, i-hydrochloric acid isetshenziselwa inqubo ye-hydrolysis ukuthuthukisa ubumsulwa nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. IHydrochloric acid iphinde isetshenziselwe ukulawula i-pH yokudla okuthile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunambitheka kwakho kanye nezakhiwo zokulondolozwa.
b. Ukudla inzalo kanye nokuhlanza
I-Hydrochloric acid ivamise ukusetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuhlanza ekucubunguleni ukudla ukuze kubulawe inzalo imishini yokucubungula ukudla neziqukathi. I-asidi yayo eqinile ingabulala ngempumelelo amabhaktheriya namanye ama-microorganisms ayingozi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlanzeka nokuphepha kokudla.
4. I-Hydrochloric acid isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-laboratories
a. Isicelo njenge-reagent
I-Hydrochloric acid iyi-reagent yamakhemikhali evame ukusetshenziswa elabhorethri. Ingasetshenziselwa i-acid-base titration, ukuchithwa kwamasampuli, imvula kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezinsimbi. Ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali okuningi kanye nokusabela kokwenziwa elabhorethri kuncike ekubambeni iqhaza kwe-hydrochloric acid ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqhubeka kahle kokuhlolwa.
b. Ukulungiswa kokugxilisa isixazululo
I-Hydrochloric acid iphinde isetshenziselwe ukulawula ukuhlangana kwezixazululo futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ikakhulukazi ekuhlolweni okudinga inani elithile le-pH. Ngenxa yesimo sayo esizinzile sesisombululo, i-hydrochloric acid iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokulawula okunembile kwemvelo yokusabela kwamakhemikhali ekuhlolweni.
Isifinyezo
Kungabonakala ekuhlaziyweni okungenhla ukuthi i-hydrochloric acid isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi efana nemboni yamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa kokudla namanzi ngenxa ye-asidi eqinile kanye nokusebenza kabusha okuphezulu. I-Hydrochloric acid idlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni ukucotshwa kwensimbi, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-organic, ukwelashwa kwamanzi, ukucubungula ukudla kanye nama-reagents aselabhorethri. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda okujulile nolwazi lokusetshenziswa kwe-hydrochloric acid kubalulekile kubasebenzi bezimboni ezihlobene.
Noma ngabe kusekukhiqizweni kwezimboni noma ocwaningweni lwaselabhorethri, ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kwe-hydrochloric acid kuyenza ibe ngelinye lamakhemikhali abalulekile. Ngokuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kulesi sihloko, ngikholwa ukuthi uthole ukuqonda okubanzi kokusetshenziswa kwe-hydrochloric acid.