Ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwephuzu lokubilisa le-toluene
I-Toluene iyinhlanganisela evamile yezinto eziphilayo enezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo embonini yamakhemikhali. Ukuqonda izici ezibonakalayo ze-toluene, ikakhulukazi iphuzu layo elibilayo, kubalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe ulwazi lwephuzu lokubilisa le-toluene futhi sihlaziye ukubaluleka kwalo embonini kanye nezici eziwuthonya.
Izici eziyisisekelo ze-toluene nendawo yayo yokubilisa
I-Toluene (i-Toluene) ithatha indawo ye-methyl ye-benzene, enefomula yamakhemikhali engu-C7H8. Iwuketshezi olukhanyayo olungenambala olunephunga elimnandi. I-toluene inephuzu lokubila elingu-110.6°C (231.1°F), lapho izinga lokushisa lishintsha lisuka oketshezini libe igesi. Iphuzu lokubilisa le-toluene libalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni ngoba lithinta ngokuqondile ukucwiliswa kwe-distillation, ukuhlukaniswa, nezinye izinqubo zamakhemikhali ezibandakanya izinguquko zesigaba.
Iphoyinti lokubilisa le-toluene ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni
I-toluene ivamise ukusetshenziswa njenge-solvent, i-reaction material, kanye ne-intermediate in chemical synthesis in petrochemical and organic synthesis. I-toluene inephuzu lokubila elingaphezulu kancane kune-benzene, ngakho i-toluene nezinye izinhlanganisela ezifanayo zingahlukaniswa kahle ngokulawula kahle izinga lokushisa lapho izingxube zidinga ukuhlukaniswa. Lokhu kubalulekile ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo enezidingo zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu. Iphuzu elibilayo le-toluene liphinde libambe iqhaza ekwandiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ezinqubweni zezimboni. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi se-distillation, ukwazi indawo yokubilisa ye-toluene kungasiza ekunqumeni imingcele yokuklama yemishini yokushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise izindleko zamandla.
Izinto ezithinta indawo yokubilisa ye-toluene
Nakuba i-toluene inephuzu lokubilisa elijwayelekile elingu-110.6°C, empeleni, izinguquko kungcindezi ye-ambient zingaholela ekuguquguqukeni endaweni yokubilisa. Ezindaweni ezinomfutho ophansi, indawo yokubilisa ye-toluene iyancipha, kuyilapho ezindaweni ezinomfutho ophezulu, indawo yokubilisa iyanda. Ngakho-ke, umphumela wengcindezi endaweni yokubilisa kufanele ucatshangelwe lapho uklama kanye nezinqubo zokusebenza ezibandakanya i-toluene. Iphuzu lokubilisa le-toluene nalo liyashintsha lapho lixutshwa nezinye izinhlanganisela, ikakhulukazi lapho kwakhiwa i-azeotropes, okungenzeka ibe namaphuzu abilayo ahluke kakhulu kulawo e-toluene ehlanzekile.
I-Toluene Boiling Point kanye Nokuphatha Okuphephile
Emisebenzini yezimboni ehlanganisa i-toluene, ukwazi nokuqonda indawo yokubilisa ye-toluene kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuphephile. Njengoba i-toluene iwuketshezi oluvuthayo, lapho amazinga okushisa esondela noma edlula indawo yawo yokubilisa, ukukhiqizwa komhwamuko kukhula kakhulu, okubuye kwandise ingozi yokuqhuma nomlilo. Ngakho-ke, lapho uphatha i-toluene, izinga lokushisa kufanele lilawulwe ngokuqinile futhi kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuvimbela umlilo nokuqhuma ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhiqizwa okuphephile.
Isiphetho
Iphuzu lokubilisa le-toluene liyipharamitha ebalulekile yomzimba engakwazi ukushaywa indiva embonini yamakhemikhali, engathinti nje ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi ihlobene nokuphepha kokucubungula. Ngokuqonda okujulile kwendawo yokubilisa ye-toluene kanye nezici zayo ezinomthelela, inqubo yamakhemikhali ingaklanywa kangcono futhi ithuthukiswe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuphepha kokukhiqiza. Ngokwenza, ukulawulwa okunembile kwendawo yokubilisa ye-toluene ngokuhambisana nokucindezela, izakhiwo zengxube nezinye izici kuzosiza ukufeza inqubo yokukhiqiza ezinzile futhi ephumelelayo.