Iphuzu elibilayo le-toluene: ulwazi lwale khemikhali evamile
I-Toluene, njengenhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo esetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yamakhemikhali, idlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingi enezindawo zayo eziyingqayizivele. Indawo yokubilisa ye-toluene iyipharamitha eyinhloko edinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ekukhiqizeni izimboni nasekusetshenzisweni. Ukuqonda indawo yokubilisa ye-toluene akufundisi nje kuphela ukugcinwa nokuthutha, kodwa kubalulekile ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokusabela okuhlukahlukene kwamakhemikhali.
Uhlolojikelele lwezakhiwo eziyisisekelo nendawo yokubilisa ye-toluene
I-toluene iwuketshezi olungenambala, olunephunga elimnandi olunefomula yamakhemikhali ethi C₇H₈. Itholakala kakhulu kumapende, ama-coatings, ama-thinner nama-adhesives futhi ibuye isetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile njengesixazululi sezimboni. Engcindezini yomoya, indawo yokubilisa ye-toluene ingu-110.6°C. Leli phuzu lokubilisa eliphansi uma kuqhathaniswa livumela i-toluene ukuthi ihwamuke kalula endaweni yezinga lokushisa, ngakho-ke kudingeka kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile ukuntengantenga kwayo kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona zomhwamuko phakathi nokusebenza.
Izinto ezithinta indawo yokubilisa ye-toluene
Nakuba indawo yokubilisa ye-toluene ingu-110.6°C ekucindezelweni komkhathi, le pharamitha ingase ithintwe izici ezihlukahlukene ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo. Isibonelo, izinguquko zokucindezela zingathinta ngokuqondile iphuzu lokubilisa le-toluene. Ngokomthetho wegesi, indawo yokubilisa ye-liquid ikhuphuka lapho ukucindezela kwanda; ngokuphambene, iwa lapho ingcindezi iyancipha. Lesi simo sisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinqubweni zokukhishwa kwe-distillation yezimboni kanye nezinqubo zokulungisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nesivuno enqubweni yokuhlukanisa.
Ukuhlanzeka nakho kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezithinta indawo yokubilisa ye-toluene. Emkhiqizweni wezimboni, i-toluene ngokuvamile iqukethe okunye ukungcola, ukuba khona kwayo okungaholela ekushintsheni okuncane endaweni yokubilisa ye-toluene. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda nokulawula ukuhlanzeka kwe-toluene kubalulekile ekutholeni ngokunembile iphuzu layo lokubilisa.
Indawo yokubilisa ye-toluene embonini
Emkhiqizweni wamakhemikhali, indawo yokubilisa ye-toluene ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukunquma isikhawu sezinga lokushisa phakathi kokuhwamuka kwayo kanye nokufingqa, okubaluleke kakhulu ezinqubweni zokuhlukanisa ezifana nokuhluza nokulungisa. Isibonelo, embonini ye-petrochemical, i-toluene ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-feedstock ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali abalulekile njenge-benzene, i-methanol ne-xylene. Ngokulawula izinga lokushisa kureactor ukuze i-toluene ihwamuke futhi ijiye ebangeni lokushisa elifanele, ukukhetha kanye nesivuno sokusabela kungathuthukiswa.
Ukwazi indawo yokubilisa ye-toluene kubalulekile futhi ekugcinweni kwayo okuphephile nokuthutha. Ngenxa yokuthi i-toluene iyaguquguquka futhi iyavutha, idinga ukugcinwa endaweni enezinga lokushisa eliphansi ngesikhathi sokugcinwa, futhi ukuthintana nama-oxidizing agents kanye nezinye izinto eziyingozi kufanele kugwenywe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqhuma noma izingozi zomlilo.
Isifinyezo
I-toluene njengento ebalulekile yamakhemikhali eluhlaza, indawo yokubilisa ye-toluene iyipharamitha eyinhloko ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kwezimboni. Ngokuthola ukuqonda okujulile kwendawo yokubilisa ye-toluene kanye nezici zayo ezinomthelela, ukuziphatha kwayo enqubweni yokukhiqiza kungase kubambeke kangcono futhi izinqubo ezifanele zingenziwa ngcono ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza nokuphepha.