Iyini inqubo yeCumene?
Inqubo yeCumene ingenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokukhiqizwa kwezimboni zephenol(C₆H₅OH). Le nqubo isebenzisa i-cumene njengento eluhlaza ukukhiqiza i-phenol nge-hydroxylation ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bayo obuvuthiwe, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yomkhiqizo, inqubo ye-cumene yokukhiqiza i-phenol isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yamakhemikhali.
Lesi sihloko sizohlaziya isimiso nezinyathelo zokukhiqizwa kwe-phenol ngenqubo ye-cumene ngokuningiliziwe, sisize abafundi baqonde ngokugcwele lobu buchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amakhemikhali abalulekile.
Isimiso Sokusabela Senqubo ye-Cumene
Ukusabela okuyinhloko ekukhiqizeni kwe-phenol ngenqubo ye-cumene yi-hydroxylation ye-cumene. Isimiso esiyisisekelo siwukuthi iqembu le-methyl ku-molecule ye-cumene lithathelwa indawo yiqembu le-hydroxyl ngaphansi kwezimo ezine-asidi ukuze lenze i-phenol.
Ngokukhethekile, i-cumene (C₆H₅CH(CH₃)₂) isabela ne-sulfuric acid egxilile (H₂SO₄) ngaphansi kokushisisa ukuze ikhiqize i-p-isopropylphenol (C₆H₅C(OH)H(CH₃)₂) kanye nenani elincane le-sulfate nge-sulfate. Kamuva, i-p-isopropylphenol iguqulelwa ku-phenol (C₆H₅OH) ngokusabela kwe-hydrolysis. Izibalo zamakhemikhali eziphelele zokusabela zimi kanje:
C₆H₅CH(CH₃)₂ + H₂SO₄ → C₆H₅C(OH)H(CH₃)₂ + HSO₄⁻
C₆H₅C(OH)H(CH₃)₂ + 3H₂O → 2C₆H₅OH + CH₄
Kungabonakala ekuphenduleni okungenhla ukuthi isihluthulelo senqubo ye-cumene sitholakala ekuphenduleni kwe-hydroxylation ngaphansi kwezimo ze-acidic kanye nokusabela kwe-hydrolysis okulandelayo. I-Sulfuric acid idlala indima ebalulekile njenge-catalyst kuyo yonke inqubo.
Izinyathelo Zenqubo Yenqubo ye-Cumene
Ukugeleza kwenqubo ethile yokukhiqizwa kwe-phenol ngenqubo ye-cumene kungahlukaniswa ngezinyathelo ezibalulekile ezilandelayo:
1. Ukulungiselela kanye Nokwakhiwa Kwempahla Engavuthiwe
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokukhiqizwa kwe-phenol ngenqubo ye-cumene ukulungiswa nokwakhiwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe. I-Cumene, okuwumgogodla wale nqubo, idinga ukuhlanzwa kuqala nge-distillation ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ubumsulwa bayo bufinyelela ngaphezu kwama-99%. I-sulfuric acid egxilile (imvamisa ene-concentration engu-98%) isetshenziswa njenge-catalyst, idlala indima ebalulekile ekuphenduleni. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokusabela, inani elincane lamanzi lifakwa ku-cumene ukukhuthaza ukuhlakazeka kwe-sulfuric acid kanye nokuqhubeka kokusabela.
2. Ukusabela kweHydroxylation
Esigabeni sokusabela kwe-hydroxylation, i-cumene ne-sulfuric acid egxilile kuhlanganiswa ku-reactor futhi kushiselwe ku-100-130°C. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezine-acidic, iqembu le-methyl ku-molecule ye-cumene lithola i-hydroxylation ukuze lenze i-p-isopropylphenol kanye ne-sulfate by-products. Lokhu kusabela kuwukusabela kwe-exothermic, futhi izinga lokushisa lokusabela nesivinini esinyakazayo kudingeka kulawulwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufana nokuzinza kokusabela.
3. Ukusabela kwe-Hydrolysis
Ngemuva kokuthi ukusabela kwe-hydroxylation sekuqediwe, umkhiqizo udinga ukusabela kwe-hydrolysis, inhloso yayo ukuguqula i-p-isopropylphenol ibe yi-phenol. Ngalesi sikhathi, inani elikhulu lamanzi lengezwa engxubeni yokusabela, ukuze i-p-isopropylphenol ibhekane nokusabela kwe-hydrolysis ngamanzi ukukhiqiza i-phenol negesi ye-methane.
4. Ukungathathi hlangothi kanye Nokwehlukana
Ngemuva kokuthi ukusabela kwe-hydrolysis kuqediwe, inani elikhulu le-sulfuric acid ne-sulfate by-products likhona ohlelweni. Ukuze unciphise lezi zinto ezine-asidi, izinto ze-alkaline (njenge-sodium hydroxide noma i-calcium hydroxide) zengezwa ukuze kutholakale ukusabela kwe-neutralization, okukhiqiza ama-sulfate ancibilikayo namanzi. Kamuva, i-phenol ihlukaniswa nemikhiqizo ngokuhlukaniswa kwe-stratification noma ubuchwepheshe be-distillation.
5. Ukucwengwa kanye Nokuhlanzwa
Ukungcola kwe-phenol engahluziwe kususwa ngezinqubo zokuhlanza ezifana ne-distillation ukuze kutholwe imikhiqizo ye-phenol ephezulu. Phakathi nenqubo yokucwenga, izimo zokusabela nazo zidinga ukulawulwa ngokuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinga nokuhlanzeka kwe-phenol kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zezimboni.
Izinzuzo kanye Nezicelo Zenqubo ye-Cumene
Inqubo ye-cumene yokukhiqiza i-phenol inezinzuzo ezibalulekile ezilandelayo:
Izimo zokusabela ezithambile:Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokukhiqiza ze-phenol zendabuko, inqubo ye-cumene inezimo zokusabela ezithambile kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza ephephile.
Imithombo eminingi yezinto ezingavuthiwe:I-Cumene ingatholakala emikhiqizweni yezindawo zokuhlanza, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphansi zezinto ezingavuthiwe.
Ukuhlanzeka komkhiqizo okuphezulu:Ngokulawula inqubo enembile, ukuhlanzeka kanye nekhwalithi ye-phenol kungafinyelela izinga eliphezulu.
Njengamanje, i-phenol ekhiqizwa inqubo ye-cumene isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yamakhemikhali njengama-phenolic resins, ama-epoxy resins, nenayiloni, enesidingo esikhulayo semakethe.
Isifinyezo
Inqubo ye-cumene yokukhiqizwa kwe-phenol iyinqubo yokukhiqiza ephumelelayo neyongayo, umnyombo wayo i-hydroxylation ye-cumene kanye nokusabela kwe-hydrolysis okulandelayo. Ngezinyathelo ezifana nokulungiswa kwempahla eluhlaza, ukusabela kwe-hydroxylation, ukusabela kwe-hydrolysis, ukwelashwa kwe-neutralization, nokucwenga nokuhlanzwa, imikhiqizo ye-phenol ehlanzekile ingatholakala ekugcineni.
Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwesidingo somhlaba wonke semikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqizwa kwe-phenol ngenqubo ye-cumene buzoqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa, bunikeze ukwesekwa okubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni ezihlobene.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-23-2025
