I-Polycarbonate(I-PC) iqukethe amaqembu e-carbonate ochungechungeni lwamangqamuzana. Ngokusho kwamaqembu e-ester ahlukene esakhiweni samangqamuzana, ingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu e-aliphatic, alicyclic namakha. Phakathi kwabo, iqembu elimnandi linenani eliwusizo kakhulu. Okubaluleke kakhulu i-bisphenol A polycarbonate, enesisindo esijwayelekile se-molecular weight (MW) sika-200000 kuya ku-100000.

I-Polycarbonate inezici ezinhle ezihlanganisayo, njengamandla, ukuqina, ukubonakala obala, ukumelana nokushisa nokumelana nokubanda, ukucubungula kalula kanye nokubambezeleka komlilo. Izinkambu eziyinhloko zokufaka isicelo ezansi nomfula izinto zikagesi, izinsimbi zeshidi kanye nezimoto. Lezi zimboni ezintathu zenza cishe u-80% wokusetshenziswa kwe-polycarbonate. Eminye imikhakha ibuye isetshenziswe kabanzi ezingxenyeni zemishini yezimboni, i-CD, ukupakishwa, okokusebenza kwasehhovisi, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, ifilimu, ukungcebeleka kanye nemishini yokuvikela, futhi isibe ngesinye sezigaba ezikhula ngokushesha zamapulasitiki wobunjiniyela amahlanu.
Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bendawo, ukwenziwa kwasendaweni kwemboni ye-PC yaseChina kuthuthuke ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva. Ekupheleni kuka-2022, isikali semboni ye-PC yaseChina sesidlule amathani ayizigidi ezi-2.5/ngonyaka, futhi umphumela ungamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.4. Njengamanje, amabhizinisi amakhulu aseShayina ahlanganisa i-Kesichuang (amathani angu-600000/ngonyaka), i-Zhejiang Petrochemical (amathani angu-520000/ngonyaka), i-Luxi Chemical (amathani angu-300000/ngonyaka) kanye ne-Zhongsha Tianjin (amathani angu-260000/ngonyaka).
Inzuzo yezinqubo ezintathu ze-PC
Kunezinqubo ezintathu zokukhiqiza ze-PC: inqubo engeyona i-phosgene, inqubo ye-transesterification kanye nenqubo ye-interfacial polycondensation phosgene. Kunomehluko osobala ezintweni ezingavuthiwe kanye nezindleko ohlelweni lokukhiqiza. Izinqubo ezintathu ezihlukene ziletha amazinga enzuzo ahlukene e-PC.
Eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, inzuzo ye-PC yaseChina ifinyelele izinga eliphakeme kakhulu ngo-2018, yafinyelela cishe ku-6500 yuan/ton. Kamuva, izinga lenzuzo lehla unyaka nonyaka. Phakathi kuka-2020 no-2021, ngenxa yokwehliswa kwezinga lokusetshenziswa elibangelwe yilolu bhubhane, isimo senzuzo sancipha kakhulu, futhi indlela ye-condensation phosgene yesixhumi esibonakalayo kanye nendlela engeyona i-phosgene yabonisa ukulahlekelwa okukhulu.
Ekupheleni kuka-2022, inzuzo yendlela yokuguqula i-transesterification ekukhiqizweni kwe-PC yaseChina iphezulu kakhulu, ifinyelela ku-2092 yuan/ton, ilandelwa indlela ye-polycondensation phosgene ye-interface, enenzuzo engu-1592 yuan/ton, kuyilapho inzuzo yokukhiqiza eyithiyori yendlela engeyona i-phosgene. yi-292 yuan/ton kuphela. Eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, indlela ye-transesterification ibilokhu iyindlela yokukhiqiza enenzuzo kakhulu enqubweni yokukhiqiza ye-PC yaseChina, kuyilapho indlela ye-nonphosgene inenzuzo ebuthakathaka kakhulu.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezinto ezithinta inzuzo ye-PC
Okokuqala, ukuguquguquka kwentengo ye-bisphenol A kanye ne-DMC kunomthelela oqondile ezindlekweni ze-PC, ikakhulukazi ukushintshashintsha kwentengo ye-bisphenol A, enesisindo esinomthelela esingaphezu kuka-50% ezindlekweni ze-PC.
Okwesibili, ukuguquguquka kwemakethe yabathengi yokugcina, ikakhulukazi ukushintshashintsha kwe-macroeconomic, kunomthelela oqondile emakethe yabathengi be-PC. Isibonelo, phakathi nesikhathi sika-2020 no-2021, lapho ubhubhane luthinta, isikali sokusetshenziswa kwemakethe yabathengi kuma-PC sehlile, okubangele ukwehla okukhulu kwamanani e-PC kanye nomthelela oqondile enzuzweni yemakethe ye-PC.
Ngo-2022, umthelela walolu bhubhane uzoba mubi kakhulu. Intengo kawoyela ongahluziwe izoqhubeka nokwehla, futhi imakethe yabathengi izoba mpofu. Amakhemikhali amaningi aseShayina awakafinyeleli emikhawulweni evamile yenzuzo. Njengoba intengo ye-bisphenol A ihlala iphansi, izindleko zokukhiqiza ze-PC ziphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfula ongezansi uphinde walulama ngezinga elithile, ngakho-ke izintengo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zenqubo yokukhiqiza ye-PC ziye zagcina inzuzo eqinile, futhi inzuzo iyathuthuka kancane kancane. Kungumkhiqizo oyivelakancane onokuchuma okuphezulu embonini yamakhemikhali yaseChina. Ngokuzayo, imakethe ye-bisphenol A izoqhubeka nokuvilapha, futhi uMkhosi Wasentwasahlobo uyasondela. Uma ukulawulwa kobhubhane kukhishwa ngendlela ehlelekile, isidingo sabathengi singakhula ngamagagasi, futhi indawo yenzuzo ye-PC ingaqhubeka nokukhula.