I-Dimethyl carbonate iyinhlanganisela ebalulekile yezinto eziphilayo esetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yamakhemikhali, imithi, i-electronics neminye imikhakha. Lesi sihloko sizokwethula inqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nendlela yokulungiselela i-dimethyl carbonate.

1. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-dimethyl carbonate

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-dimethyl carbonate ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: indlela yamakhemikhali kanye nendlela yomzimba.

1) Indlela yekhemikhali

I-chemical synthesis reaction equation ye-dimethyl carbonate ithi: CH3OH+CO2 → CH3OCO2CH3

I-Methanol iyimpahla eluhlaza ye-dimethyl carbonate, futhi igesi ye-carbonate iyona esabelayo. Inqubo yokusabela idinga i-catalyst.

Kunama-catalyst ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-sodium hydroxide, i-calcium oxide, i-copper oxide, ne-carbonate. I-Carbonate ester inomphumela omuhle kakhulu we-catalytic, kodwa ukukhethwa kwe-catalyst nakho kudinga ukucabangela izici ezifana nezindleko nendawo.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-dimethyl carbonate ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa izinyathelo ezifana nokuhlanzwa kwe-methanol, i-oxidation ye-oxygen, ukusabela kokushisa, ukuhlukaniswa / ukuchithwa kwe-distillation, njll. Phakathi nenqubo yokusabela, ukulawulwa okuqinile kwemingcele efana nezinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, kanye nesikhathi sokuphendula kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe isivuno futhi ubumsulwa.

2）Indlela ebonakalayo

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zomzimba zokukhiqiza i-dimethyl carbonate: indlela yokumuncwa kanye nendlela yokucindezela.

Indlela yokumunca isebenzisa i-methanol njengento emunca futhi ihlangana ne-CO2 emazingeni okushisa aphansi ukukhiqiza i-dimethyl carbonate. I-absorbent ingasetshenziswa kabusha, kanye ne-carbon dioxide ekhiqizwa ukusabela nayo ingaphinda isetshenziswe, kodwa izinga lokusabela lihamba kancane futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuphezulu.

Umthetho wokucindezela usebenzisa izinto ezibonakalayo ze-CO2 ukuze uhlangane ne-methanol ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu, ngaleyo ndlela ufeze ukulungiswa kwe-dimethyl carbonate. Le ndlela inesilinganiso sokusabela esisheshayo, kodwa idinga imishini yokucindezela enamandla amakhulu futhi iyabiza.

Lezi zindlela ezimbili ezingenhla zinezinzuzo nezinkinga zazo, futhi zingakhethwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zohlelo lokusebenza kanye nezici zezomnotho.

2. Indlela yokulungiselela i-dimethyl carbonate

Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulungiselela i-dimethyl carbonate, futhi okulandelayo yizindlela ezimbili ezivame ukusetshenziswa:

1) Indlela ye-Methanol

Lena indlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yokulungiselela i-dimethyl carbonate. Izinyathelo ezithile zokusebenza yilezi:

(1) Engeza i-methanol ne-potassium carbonate/sodium carbonate, nokushisa ekuphenduleni izinga lokushisa ngenkathi ushukumisa;

(2) Faka kancane kancane i-CO2, qhubeka ugoqa, futhi uphole ngemva kokuqedwa kokusabela;

(3) Sebenzisa ifaneli yokuhlukanisa ukuze uhlukanise ingxube futhi uthole i-dimethyl carbonate.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, isikhathi sokuphendula, kanye nohlobo kanye nenani le-catalyst kufanele ilawulwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokusabela ukuze kuthuthukiswe isivuno nobumsulwa.

2) Indlela ye-oxygen oxidation

Ngaphezu kwendlela ye-methanol, indlela ye-oxygen oxidation nayo ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwe-dimethyl carbonate. Le ndlela kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ingafinyelela ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo.

Izinyathelo ezithile zokusebenza yilezi:

(1) Engeza i-methanol kanye ne-catalyst, ukushisa ekuphenduleni izinga lokushisa ngenkathi uvuselela;

(2) Faka igesi lomoya-mpilo ohlelweni lokusabela futhi uqhubeke ushukumisa;

(3) Hlukanisa, distill, futhi uhlanze ingxube yokusabela ukuze uthole i-dimethyl carbonate.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi indlela ye-oxygen oxidation idinga ukulawula imingcele efana nesilinganiso sokuhlinzeka kanye nokushisa kokusabela kwegesi ye-oksijeni, kanye nengxenye yezingxenye zokuphendula, ukuthuthukisa isivuno nokuhlanzeka.

Ngokwethulwa kwalesi sihloko, singafunda mayelana nenqubo yokukhiqiza nezindlela zokulungisa i-dimethyl carbonate. Kusukela ekwakhekeni kwamangqamuzana kuya encazelweni enemininingwane yenqubo yokusabela kanye nendlela yokukhiqiza, sinikeze uhlelo lolwazi oluphelele nolunembile. Ngethemba ukuthi lesi sihloko singakhuthaza ukufunda nokucwaninga kwabafundi kulo mkhakha.