Izinto zegwebu ikakhulukazi zifaka i-polyurethane, i-EPS, i-PET kanye nezinto zenjoloba zegwebu, njll., ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni yokufakwa kokushisa nokonga amandla, ukunciphisa isisindo, umsebenzi wesakhiwo, ukumelana nomthelela nokunethezeka, njll., okubonisa ukusebenza, okumboza izimboni eziningi ezifana nempahla yokwakha nokwakhiwa, ifenisha nempahla yasendlini, uwoyela, ukupakishwa kwamanzi kanye nokuthutha. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okubanzi, usayizi wemakethe waminyaka yonke wezinto ze-foam ukuze kugcinwe izinga eliphezulu lokukhula lika-20%, ukusetshenziswa kwamanje kwezinto ezintsha emkhakheni wokukhula ngokushesha, kodwa futhi kubangele ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwemboni. Igwebu lePolyurethane (PU) ingxenye enkulu yemikhiqizo yegwebu yaseChina.

Ngokwezibalo, usayizi wemakethe yomhlaba wonke yezinto ezinogwebu cishe u- $ 93.9 billion, okhula ngesilinganiso esingu-4% -5% ngonyaka, futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2026, usayizi wemakethe yomhlaba wonke wezinto ezigwebu kulindeleke ukuthi ukhule ufinyelele ku- $ 118.9 billion.

Ngokushintsha kokugxila kwezomnotho womhlaba, izinguquko ezisheshayo kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe, kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo yomkhakha okhiqiza amagwebu ezimbonini, isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific sibambe isabelo esikhulu kunazo zonke emakethe yezobuchwepheshe obugwebu. 2020 Ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki yaseChina kufinyelele kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-76.032, kwehle ngo-0.6% unyaka nonyaka kusuka kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-81.842 ngo-2019. 2020 Ukukhiqizwa kwegwebu laseChina kwafinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingama-2.566, kwehle ngo-0.62% unyaka nonyaka isuka ku-0.62% yehla ngonyaka ka-201

Phakathi kwazo, iSifundazwe saseGuangdong sikleliswe kuqala ekukhiqizweni kwegwebu ezweni, ngomphumela wamathani angama-643,000 ngo-2020; kulandele iSifundazwe saseZhejiang, esikhiqiza amathani angu-326,000; ISifundazwe saseJiangsu sikleliswe endaweni yesithathu, ngomphumela wamathani angu-205,000; I-Sichuan kanye ne-Shandong zikleliswe endaweni yesine neyesihlanu ngokulandelana, okuphuma amathani ayi-168,000 kanye namathani ayi-140,000 ngokulandelana. Kusukela esilinganisweni sengqikithi yokukhiqizwa kwegwebu kuzwelonke ngo-2020, i-Guangdong yenza u-25.1%, iZhejiang yenza u-12.7%, iJiangsu yenza u-8.0%, i-Sichuan yenza u-6.6% kanti i-akhawunti yaseShandong i-5.4%.

Njengamanje, iShenzhen, njengomnyombo weqoqo ledolobha laseGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area kanye nelinye lamadolobha athuthuke kakhulu eChina ngokwamandla aphelele, iqoqe uchungechunge oluphelele lwezimboni emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe be-Foam baseShayina kusuka ezintweni ezingavuthiwe, imishini yokukhiqiza, izitshalo ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza, kanye nezimakethe ezahlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa kokuphela. Kumongo wokugqugquzelwa komhlaba wonke kwentuthuko eluhlaza nesimeme kanye neqhinga laseChina “le-double carbon”, imboni ye-polymer foam ibophezelekile ukubhekana nezinguquko zezobuchwepheshe nezinqubo, ukukhuthazwa komkhiqizo ne-R&D, nokuhlelwa kabusha kokuthengwa kwempahla, njll. Ngemva kwezinhlelo ezimbalwa eziyimpumelelo ze-FOAM EXPO eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu, umhleli we-TARSUS Group uzobamba i-TARSUS Group evela ku-9 December kusukela ku-9 Disemba FOAM, ne-China-FOAM 2022 e-Shenzhen International Convention and Exhibition Centre (Baoan New Hall). I-EXPO China”, ixhuma kusuka kubakhiqizi bezinto ezingavuthiwe ze-polymer foam, abaphakathi begwebu kanye nabakhiqizi bemikhiqizo, ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene kokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe begwebu, ukuze bahambisane futhi basebenzele ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni!

I-polyurethane engxenyeni enkulu kakhulu yezinto ezigwebu

Igwebu le-Polyurethane (PU) umkhiqizo obalwa ingxenye enkulu yezinto ezikhihliza amagwebu e-China.

Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-polyurethane foam yi-polyurethane, futhi impahla eluhlaza ngokuyinhloko i-isocyanate ne-polyol. Ngokungeza izithasiselo ezifanele, yenza inani elikhulu legwebu elikhiqizwe kumkhiqizo wokusabela, ukuze uthole imikhiqizo ye-polyurethane foam. Ngokusebenzisa i-polymer polyol ne-isocyanate kanye nezithasiselo ezihlukahlukene zokulungisa ukuminyana kwegwebu, amandla aqinile, ukumelana nemihuzuko, ukunwebeka kanye nezinye izinkomba, kushukunyiswe ngokuphelele futhi kufakwe esikhunjeni ukuze kwandiswe ukusabela kweketango eliphambanayo, izinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezintsha zokwenziwa phakathi kwepulasitiki nenjoloba zingakhiwa.

Igwebu le-polyurethane lihlukaniswe ikakhulukazi igwebu eliguquguqukayo, igwebu eliqinile kanye ne-spray foam. Amagwebu aguquguqukayo asetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne-cushioning, i-padding yezingubo kanye nokuhlunga, kuyilapho amagwebu aqinile asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi amapaneli okushisa ashisayo kanye nokufakwa kwe-laminated ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano nezindawo zokuhlala kanye (nokufafaza) uphahla lwegwebu.

Igwebu le-polyurethane eliqinile ngokuvamile liyisakhiwo samaseli avaliwe futhi linezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu njengokufakwa kahle kwe-thermal, isisindo esincane nokwakhiwa okulula.

Iphinde ibe nezici zokuvala umsindo, i-shockproof, ukufakwa kukagesi, ukumelana nokushisa, ukumelana nokubanda, ukumelana ne-solvent, njll. Isetshenziswa kabanzi kungqimba lokufakwa kwebhokisi lesiqandisi nesiqandisi, izinto zokufakelwa kwesitoreji esibandayo kanye nemoto efrijini, izinto zokufakelwa kwesakhiwo, ithangi lokugcina kanye namapayipi, futhi inani elincane lisetshenziswa ezikhathini ezingezona ezokuvikela, njengokulingisa izinkuni, njll.

Igwebu le-polyurethane eliqinile lingasetshenziswa ekufakeni ophahleni nasekufakweni kodonga, ukufakwa kwezicabha namafasitela kanye nokuvala isihlangu sebhamuza. Kodwa-ke, ukufakwa kwe-polyurethane foam kuzoqhubeka nokulwa nokuncintisana kusuka ku-fiberglass ne-PS foam.

I-Flexible polyurethane foam

Isidingo segwebu le-polyurethane eliguqukayo siye sadlula kancane kancane leso segwebu le-polyurethane eliqinile eminyakeni yamuva nje. Igwebu le-polyurethane elithambile liwuhlobo lwegwebu le-polyurethane eliguquguqukayo elinezinga elithile lokunwebeka, futhi liwumkhiqizo we-polyurethane osetshenziswa kakhulu.

Imikhiqizo ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa igwebu eliqinile (i-HRF), isipontshi esivimbayo, igwebu eliqinile eliqinile, igwebu elizikhukhumeza ngokwalo (ISF), kanye negwebu elimunca amandla eliqinile.

Isakhiwo sebhamuza se-polyurethane flexible foam sivame ukuvuleka izimbotshana. Ngokuvamile, inobuningi obuphansi, ukumuncwa komsindo, ukuphefumula, ukulondolozwa kokushisa nezinye izakhiwo, ikakhulukazi ezisetshenziswa njengempahla yokugoqa ifenisha, izinto zokuhamba zesihlalo sokuthutha, izinto ezihlukahlukene ezithambile ezixutshwe ne-laminated composite. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni kanye nezomphakathi kwegwebu elithambile njengezinto zokuhlunga, izinto zokufakwa komsindo, izinto ezivimbela ukushaqeka, izinto zokuhlobisa, izinto zokupakisha nezinto zokufakwa ezishisayo.

Umfutho wokunwetshwa kwe-polyurethane phansi komfula

Imboni ye-polyurethane foam yaseChina ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe.

Igwebu le-polyurethane lingasetshenziswa njengokupakishwa kwe-buffer noma okokusebenza kwe-padding buffer yamathuluzi anemba esezingeni eliphezulu, amathuluzi abalulekile, imisebenzi yezandla yezinga eliphezulu, njll. Ingenziwa futhi ibe iziqukathi zokupakisha ezithambile nezivikela kakhulu; ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukupakishwa kwe-buffer yezinto ngokufaka amagwebu esizeni.

I-polyurethane i-foam eqinile isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ekufakweni kwe-adiabatic, isiqandisi kanye nemishini yokuqandisa kanye nesitoreji esibandayo, amaphaneli e-adiabatic, ukufakwa odongeni, ukufakwa kwamapayipi, ukwahlukanisa amathangi okugcina, izinto zokufaka i-foam eyodwa-ingxenye, njll.; Igwebu elithambile le-polyurethane lisetshenziswa kakhulu ifenisha, izingubo zokulala neminye imikhiqizo yasendlini, njengosofa nezihlalo, ama-back cushions, omatilasi nemicamelo.

Ikakhulukazi sebenzisa: (1) iziqandisi, iziqukathi, ukufakwa kweziqandisi (2) izimbali zokulingisa ze-PU (3) ukuphrinta kwephepha (4) intambo yamakhemikhali e-fiber (5) umgwaqo onesivinini esikhulu (izimpawu zomugqa wokuvikela) (6) umhlobiso wasekhaya (umhlobiso webhodi legwebu) (7) ifenisha (umcamelo wesihlalo, isipontshi sikamatilasi, i-backrest, i-armrest) imboni yemoto (8) imboni yemoto (i-amo) (i-autospace) imboni yemoto (i-amo). umcamelo, i-headrest yemoto, isondo lokuqondisa (10) izinto zemidlalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu (izinto zokuzivikela, onogada bezinyawo, onogada bezinyawo, ulwelwesi lwamagilavu ​​wesibhakela, izigqoko zokuzivikela, njll.) (11) imboni ye-PU yesikhumba yokwenziwa (12) imboni yezicathulo (ama-PU soles) (13) ama-general coatings (14) okhethekile ovikelayo) okokunamathisela okuphakathi16 okunamathelisa okukhethekile16 okunamathelisa amaphakathi. (impahla yezokwelapha).

Isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi sokuthuthukiswa kwegwebu le-polyurethane emhlabeni wonke siye sashintshela e-China kancane kancane, futhi i-polyurethane foam isiphenduke enye yezimboni ezikhula ngokushesha embonini yamakhemikhali yaseChina.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kokufakwa kweziqandisi ezindlini, ukonga ugesi, imboni yamandla elanga, izimoto, ifenisha nezinye izimboni kukhulise kakhulu isidingo segwebu le-polyurethane.

Phakathi nenkathi “ye-13th yeminyaka emihlanu yoHlelo”, eminyakeni ecishe ibe ngu-20 yokugaya ukudla, ukumuncwa nokudala kabusha imboni ye-polyurethane, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-MDI namandla okukhiqiza kuphakathi kwamazinga ahamba phambili emhlabeni, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-polyether polyol kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi namandla emisha ayaqhubeka nokuba ngcono, imikhiqizo ephezulu iyaqhubeka nokuvela, futhi igebe liyaqhubeka nokuncipha namazinga athuthukile angaphandle. 2019 China Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane cishe amathani ayizigidi eziyi-11.5 (kuhlanganise nezincibilikisi), ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kuyanda unyaka nonyaka, futhi iyisifunda esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni sokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa kwe-polyurethane, imakethe ikhula ngokuqhubekayo, futhi imboni isiqala ukungena esikhathini sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bentuthuko yezinga eliphezulu.

Ngokwesilinganiso semboni, usayizi wemakethe wezinto zohlobo lwe-polyurethane ezinegwebu zenza isabelo esikhulu kunazo zonke, ngosayizi wemakethe olinganiselwa kumathani ayizigidi ezi-4.67, okukhona kuwo izinto ezithambile ze-polyurethane ezinegwebu, ezibalelwa ku-56%. Ngokuthuthuka okuthuthukayo kwezinkundla zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi e-China, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukiswa kwesiqandisi nezinhlelo zokusebenza zohlobo lwesakhiwo, isikali semakethe sezinto ezikhiqiza amagwebu e-polyurethane nazo ziyaqhubeka nokukhula.

Njengamanje, imboni ye-polyurethane isingene esigabeni esisha esiholwa yintsha kanye nentuthuko eluhlaza njengendikimba. Njengamanje, ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane ezansi nomfula njengezinto zokwakha, i-spandex, isikhumba sokwenziwa kanye nezimoto e-China kuhamba phambili emhlabeni. Izwe ligqugquzela ngamandla ukugcotshwa kwamanzi, ukusebenzisa izinqubomgomo ezintsha zokwakha ukongiwa kukagesi kanye nokuthuthukisa izimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla kagesi, okuphinde kulethe amathuba amakhulu emakethe embonini ye-polyurethane. Inhloso "yekhabhoni ephindwe kabili" ehlongozwe yiChina izothuthukisa intuthuko esheshayo yokwakha imboni yokonga amandla kanye nemboni yamandla ahlanzekile, okuzoletha amathuba amasha okuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokufakelwa kwe-polyurethane, ama-coatings, izinto eziyinhlanganisela, izinto zokunamathisela, ama-elastomers, njll.

Imakethe ye-Cold chain iqhuba isidingo segwebu eliqinile le-polyurethane

IHhovisi Jikelele loMkhandlu Kazwelonke likhiphe “Uhlelo Lweminyaka Eyishumi Nane Yeminyaka Emihlanu” lubonisa ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2020, imakethe yezimpahla ezibandayo yaseChina ingaphezu kwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-380, amandla okugcina abandayo acishe abe yi-cubic metres eyizigidi eziyi-180, ubunikazi bemoto obuqandisiwe obungaba ngu-287,000, Onyakeni Omusha. 2.4 izikhathi, 2 izikhathi 2.6 izikhathi.

Ezintweni eziningi zokufakelwa, i-polyurethane inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokufakwa, okusetshenziswa kabanzi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto zokwakha, izinto zokufaka i-polyurethane zingonga cishe amaphesenti angama-20 ezindleko zikagesi endaweni enkulu yokugcina ebandayo, futhi usayizi wayo wemakethe ukhula kancane kancane ngokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimpahla ezibandayo. Isikhathi "Seminyaka Eyi-14 Yeminyaka Emihlanu", njengoba izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni nezasemaphandleni ziqhubeka nokuthuthukisa isakhiwo sokusebenzisa, amandla emakethe enkulu azosheshisa ukukhululwa kochungechunge olubandayo ukuze kwakheke indawo ebanzi. Lolu hlelo luphakamisa ukuthi ngo-2025, ukwakhiwa kokuqala kwenethiwekhi yochungechunge olubandayo, ukuhlelwa kanye nokwakhiwa kwesizinda sezinto ezisetshenziswayo zomgogodla kazwelonke ongaba yi-100, ukwakhiwa kwesikhungo sokukhiqiza kanye nokumaketha okusatshalaliswa kwamaketanga abandayo, ukuphothulwa okuyisisekelo kwenethiwekhi yezindawo ezibandayo ezisezingeni eliphansi ezintathu; ngo-2035, ukuphothulwa ngokugcwele kohlelo lwesimanje olubandayo lwe-logistics system. Lokhu kuzophinde kukhuphule isidingo sezinto zokufakwa kwamaketanga e-polyurethane ezibandayo.

Izinto ze-TPU zegwebu zikhuphuka ngokugqama

I-TPU iyimboni yokuphuma kwelanga embonini entsha yezinto ze-polymer, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingezansi ziyaqhubeka nokukhula, ukugxila embonini ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nobuchwepheshe buzothuthukisa ukushintshwa kwasekhaya.

Njengoba i-TPU inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zomzimba nezomshini, njengamandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, ukunwebeka okuphezulu, i-modulus ephezulu, kodwa futhi inokumelana namakhemikhali, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukumelana nowoyela, ikhono lokumunca ukushaqeka nokunye ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu okubanzi, ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula, isetshenziswa kabanzi ezintweni zezicathulo (amabhola ezicathulo), izintambo, amafilimu, amashubhu, izimoto, ezokwelashwa nezinye izimboni ezikhula ngokushesha embonini ye-polythane. Imboni yezicathulo isewuhlelo olubaluleke kakhulu lwemboni ye-TPU e-China, kodwa ingxenye incishisiwe, ibalwa cishe ngama-30%, ingxenye yefilimu, izicelo zamapayipi i-TPU ikhula kancane kancane, isabelo semakethe ezimbili sika-19% no-15% ngokulandelana.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kukhishwe umthamo omusha wokukhiqiza we-TPU waseChina, izinga lokuqalwa kwe-TPU ngo-2018 nango-2019 lenyuka kancane, ukukhiqizwa kwe-TPU yasekhaya ka-2014-2019 izinga lokukhula lonyaka lokukhula lafika ku-15.46%. 2019 Imboni ye-TPU yaseChina iyaqhubeka nokwandisa izinga lokuthambekela, ngo-2020 ukukhiqizwa kwe-TPU yaseChina okungamathani angama-601,000, okubalelwa engxenyeni eyodwa kwezintathu yokukhiqizwa kwe-TPU yomhlaba Ngaphezu kwalokho.

Isamba sokukhiqizwa kwe-TPU engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2021 cishe amathani angu-300,000, ukwanda kwamathani angu-40,000 noma u-11.83% uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2020. Ngomthamo, umthamo wokukhiqiza we-TPU waseChina ukhule ngokushesha eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, futhi izinga lokuqalisa liye labonisa ukukhula kwe-TPU ye-0, umthamo wokukhiqiza we-0 okhulayo we-0. amathani ukuya kumathani angama-995,000 ukusuka ku-2016-2020, ngesilinganiso sokukhula saminyaka yonke esingu-11.6%. Ngokombono wokusetshenziswa kuka-2016-2020 ukukhula kokusetshenziswa kwe-TPU elastomer yaseChina, ukusetshenziswa kwe-TPU ngo-2020 kudlule amathani angama-500,000, izinga lokukhula konyaka ngonyaka lika-12.1%. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele amathani angaba ngu-900,000 ngo-2026, ngenani lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka cishe li-10% eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo.

Okunye okuhlukile kwesikhumba sokwenziwa kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke nokushisa

I-Synthetic polyurethane leather (isikhumba se-PU), ukwakheka kwe-polyurethane ye-epidermis, isikhumba se-microfiber, ikhwalithi ingcono kune-PVC (eyaziwa ngokuthi isikhumba saseNtshonalanga). Manje abakhiqizi bezingubo basebenzisa kakhulu izinto ezinjalo ukuze bakhiqize izingubo, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izingubo zokulingisa zesikhumba. I-PU enesikhumba ungqimba lwesibili lwesikhumba oluhlangothi lwalo olungemuva luyisikhumba senkomo, esimbozwe ngongqimba lwe-PU resin ngaphezulu, eyaziwa nangokuthi isikhumba senkomo esilamiwe. Intengo yayo ishibhile futhi izinga lokusebenzisa liphezulu. Ngokushintshwa kwenqubo yayo ibuye yenziwe ngamamaki ahlukahlukene ezinhlobonhlobo, ezifana nesikhumba senkomo esinezingqimba ezimbili esingenisiwe, ngenxa yenqubo eyingqayizivele, ikhwalithi ezinzile, izinhlobo zamanoveli nezinye izici, ngenxa yesikhumba samanje sezinga eliphezulu, intengo kanye nebanga akukho ngaphansi kwesendlalelo sokuqala sesikhumba sangempela.

Isikhumba se-PU njengamanje siyimikhiqizo ethandwa kakhulu emikhiqizweni yesikhumba yokwenziwa; kanye nesikhumba se-PVC nakuba iqukethe ama-plasticizers ayingozi kwezinye izindawo avinjelwe, kodwa ukumelana nesimo sezulu esiphezulu kanye namanani aphansi akwenza kube emakethe ephansi kusenokuncintisana okuqinile; Isikhumba se-microfiber PU nakuba sinomuzwa ofanayo nesikhumba, kodwa amanani aso aphezulu anciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwaso ngezinga elikhulu, isabelo semakethe esingaba ngu-5%.