Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko ze-polyether, njenge-propylene oxide, i-styrene, i-acrylonitrile ne-ethylene oxide, yizinto eziphuma ngaphansi komfula zamakhemikhali e-petrochemicals, futhi amanani azo athinteka yizimo zezomnotho ezinkulu kanye nokuhlinzeka nokufunwa futhi aguquguquke kaningi, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukulawula izindleko imboni ye-polyether. Nakuba intengo ye-propylene oxide kulindeleke ukuthi yehle ngo-2022 ngenxa yokugxila kwamandla amasha okukhiqiza, ingcindezi yokulawula izindleko evela kwezinye izinto ezinkulu zokusetshenziswa isekhona.

Imodeli yebhizinisi eyingqayizivele yemboni ye-polyether

Izindleko zemikhiqizo ye-polyether ikakhulukazi zakhiwe ngezinto eziqondile ezifana ne-propylene oxide, i-styrene, i-acrylonitrile, i-ethylene oxide, njll. ingxenye ethile yesikali sokukhiqiza, ukuze ulwazi lwemakethe yokuphakelwa kwempahla eluhlaza lwenkampani lube sobala kakhulu. Ngaphansi komkhakha, imikhiqizo ye-polyether inezindawo eziningi zokufaka isicelo, futhi amakhasimende abonisa izici zevolumu enkulu, ukuhlakazeka kanye nokufunwa okuhlukahlukene, ngakho-ke imboni ithatha ngokuyinhloko imodeli yebhizinisi "yokukhiqiza ngokuthengisa".

Izinga lobuchwepheshe kanye nezici zobuchwepheshe zemboni ye-polyether

Njengamanje, izinga elinconyiwe likazwelonke lemboni ye-polyether yi-GB/T12008.1-7, kodwa umkhiqizi ngamunye usebenzisa indinganiso yakhe yebhizinisi. Amabhizinisi ahlukene akhiqiza uhlobo olufanayo lwemikhiqizo ngenxa yomehluko ekubunjweni, ubuchwepheshe, okokusebenza okubalulekile, imizila yezinqubo, ukulawula ikhwalithi, njll., kukhona umehluko othile kwikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuzinza kokusebenza.

Kodwa-ke, amanye amabhizinisi embonini aphumelele ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko ngokusebenzisa i-R&D ezimele yesikhathi eside kanye nokunqwabelana kobuchwepheshe, futhi ukusebenza kweminye yemikhiqizo yabo sekufinyelele izinga eliphezulu lemikhiqizo efanayo phesheya.

Iphethini yokuncintisana nokumaketha kwemboni ye-polyether

(1) Iphethini yokuncintisana yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokumaketha kwemboni ye-polyether

Phakathi nenkathi yoHlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-13 Lweminyaka Emihlanu, amandla okukhiqiza i-polyether emhlabeni wonke akhula ngokujwayelekile, futhi ukugxila okuyinhloko kokunwetshwa kwamandla okukhiqiza kuse-Asia, lapho i-China inokwanda okusheshayo kwamandla futhi iyizwe elibalulekile lokukhiqiza nokuthengisa. kwe-polyether. I-China, i-United States kanye ne-Europe angabathengi abakhulu be-polyether emhlabeni kanye nabakhiqizi abakhulu be-polyether emhlabeni. Ngokombono wamabhizinisi okukhiqiza, okwamanje, amayunithi okukhiqiza i-polyether emhlabeni makhulu ngesilinganiso futhi agxile ekukhiqizeni, ikakhulukazi ezandleni zezinkampani eziningana ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-BASF, i-Costco, i-Dow Chemical kanye ne-Shell.

(2) Iphethini yokuncintisana nokumaketha kwemboni yasekhaya ye-polyether

Imboni ye-polyurethane yaseShayina yaqala ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950 nasekuqaleni kwawo-1960, futhi kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960 kuya ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, imboni ye-polyurethane yayisesigabeni sokuqala, ngamathani ayi-100,000 kuphela ngonyaka wokukhiqiza i-polyether ngo-1995. Kusukela ngo-2000, nentuthuko esheshayo embonini yasekhaya ye-polyurethane, inani elikhulu lezitshalo ze-polyether zisanda kwakhiwa futhi izitshalo ze-polyether zandisiwe e-China, futhi umthamo wokukhiqiza ubulokhu ukhula ngokuqhubekayo, futhi imboni ye-polyether isiphenduke imboni yamakhemikhali ekhula ngokushesha e-China. Imboni ye-polyether isiphenduke imboni ekhula ngokushesha embonini yamakhemikhali yaseChina.

Umkhuba wezinga lenzuzo embonini ye-polyether

Izinga lenzuzo lemboni ye-polyether linqunywa ikakhulukazi okuqukethwe kwezobuchwepheshe kwemikhiqizo kanye nenani elengeziwe lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezansi nomfula, futhi lithonywa ukuguquguquka kwamanani ezinto ezingavuthiwe nezinye izici.

Ngaphakathi kwemboni ye-polyether, izinga lenzuzo lamabhizinisi liyahlukahluka kakhulu ngenxa yomehluko esikalini, izindleko, ubuchwepheshe, ukwakheka komkhiqizo kanye nokuphathwa. Amabhizinisi anamakhono aqinile e-R&D, ikhwalithi enhle yomkhiqizo nokusebenza ngezinga elikhulu ngokuvamile anamandla okuxoxisana aqinile kanye namazinga aphezulu enzuzo ngenxa yekhono lawo lokukhiqiza izinga eliphezulu nemikhiqizo ephezulu enenani eliphakeme. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kunomkhuba wokuncintisana okulinganayo kwemikhiqizo ye-polyether, izinga layo lenzuzo lizohlala lisezingeni eliphansi, noma liyancipha.

Ukugadwa okuqinile kokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokugadwa kokuphepha kuzolawula umyalo wemboni

“Uhlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-14 Lweminyaka Emihlanu” lukubeka ngokucacile ukuthi “ingqikithi yokukhishwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo ezinkulu izoqhubeka nokuncipha, indawo ezungezile yemvelo izoqhubeka nokuba ngcono, futhi umgoqo wokuphepha kwemvelo uzoqina kakhulu”. Izindinganiso eziqinile zezemvelo zizokhulisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwebhizinisi kwezemvelo, ziphoqelele izinkampani ukuthi ziguqule izinqubo zokukhiqiza, ziqinise izinqubo zokukhiqiza eziluhlaza kanye nokugaywa kabusha okuphelele kwezinto ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza nokunciphisa "imfucumfucu emithathu" ekhiqizwayo, futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nemikhiqizo ye-value-added. Ngasikhathi sinye, imboni izoqhubeka nokuqeda ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu okubuyela emuva, umthamo omkhulu wokukhiqiza ukungcola, izinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza, nokwenza indawo ehlanzekile.

Ngasikhathi sinye, imboni izoqhubeka nokuqeda ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu okubuyela emuva, amandla aphezulu okukhiqiza ukungcola, izinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza, ukuze amabhizinisi anenqubo yokukhiqiza ehlanzekile yokuvikela imvelo namandla aholayo e-R & D agqame, futhi akhuthaze ukuhlanganiswa kwezimboni okusheshayo. , ukuze amabhizinisi abheke ekuthuthukisweni okujulile, futhi ekugcineni akhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa okunempilo kwemboni yamakhemikhali.

Izithiyo eziyisikhombisa embonini ye-polyether

(1) Izithiyo zobuchwepheshe nezobuchwepheshe

Njengoba izinkambu zokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ye-polyether ziqhubeka nokukhula, izidingo zezimboni ezingezansi ze-polyether nazo zikhombisa kancane kancane izici zobuchwepheshe, ukuhlukahluka kanye nokwenza komuntu siqu. Ukukhethwa komzila wokusabela kwamakhemikhali, idizayini yokubunjwa, ukukhethwa kwe-catalyst, ubuchwepheshe bezinqubo kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi ye-polyether konke kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kube yizici ezibalulekile ukuze amabhizinisi abambe iqhaza emqhudelwaneni wemakethe. Njengoba kunezidingo eziqinile zikazwelonke zokonga ugesi kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, imboni izophinde ithuthuke ngendlela yokuvikela imvelo, ikhabhoni ephansi kanye nenani eliphakeme esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile kuyisithiyo esibalulekile sokungena kulo mkhakha.

(2) Umgoqo wamathalenta

Isakhiwo samakhemikhali se-polyether sihle kangangokuthi izinguquko ezincane kuchungechunge lwawo lwamangqamuzana zizodala izinguquko ekusebenzeni komkhiqizo, ngaleyo ndlela ukunemba kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kunezidingo eziqinile, ezidinga izinga eliphezulu lokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo, ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo kanye namakhono okuphatha ukukhiqiza. Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ye-polyether kunamandla, okungadingi nje kuphela ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo ekhethekile yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene, kodwa futhi nekhono lokulungisa ukwakheka kwesakhiwo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngemikhiqizo yemboni engaphansi komfula kanye namathalenta esevisi yokuthengisa emva kokuthengisa.

Ngakho-ke, le mboni inezidingo eziphakeme zamathalenta ochwepheshe nawezobuchwepheshe, okufanele babe nesisekelo esiqinile setiyori, kanye nolwazi olucebile lwe-R&D kanye nekhono elinamandla lokuqamba izinto. Njengamanje, ochwepheshe basekhaya abanesizinda esiqinile sethiyori kanye nesipiliyoni esicebile esisebenzayo embonini basantuleka uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngokuvamile, amabhizinisi embonini azohlanganisa ukwethulwa okuqhubekayo kwamathalente nokuqeqeshwa kokulandelela, futhi athuthukise ukuncintisana kwawo okuyisisekelo ngokusungula indlela yethalente elungele izici zabo. Kwabasanda kungena embonini, ukuntuleka kwamakhono ochwepheshe kuzoba isithiyo ekungeneni.

(3) Umgoqo wokuthengwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe

I-Propylene oxide iyimpahla eluhlaza ebalulekile embonini yamakhemikhali futhi iyikhemikhali eyingozi, ngakho amabhizinisi athengayo adinga ukuba neziqu zokukhiqiza ukuphepha. Khonamanjalo, abahlinzeki basekhaya be-propylene oxide ikakhulukazi izinkampani zamakhemikhali ezinkulu ezifana ne-Sinopec Group, i-Jishen Chemical Industry Company Limited, i-Shandong Jinling, i-Wudi Xinyue Chemical Company Limited, i-Binhua, i-Wanhua Chemical kanye ne-Jinling Huntsman. Amabhizinisi ashiwo ngenhla akhetha ukubambisana namabhizinisi anamandla okusebenzisa i-propylene oxide ezinzile lapho ekhetha amakhasimende angaphansi komfula, enza ubudlelwano obuncikene nabasebenzisi bawo abazansi nomfula futhi agxile esikhathini eside nokuzinza kokubambisana. Lapho abasha embonini bengenalo ikhono lokusebenzisa i-propylene oxide ngokuzinzile, kunzima kubo ukuthola ukunikezwa okuzinzile kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kubakhiqizi.

(4) Umgoqo wemali

Umgoqo wemali yale mboni ubonakala kakhulu ezicini ezintathu: okokuqala, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini yezobuchwepheshe edingekayo, okwesibili, isikali sokukhiqiza esidingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe umnotho wezinga, okwesithathu, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezokuphepha kanye nemishini yokuvikela imvelo. Ngokusheshisa kokushintshwa komkhiqizo, amazinga ekhwalithi, isidingo esiqondene nawe esisezansi nomfula kanye namazinga aphezulu okuphepha kanye nemvelo, izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali nezokusebenza kwamabhizinisi ziyenyuka. Kwabasanda kungena embonini, kufanele bafinyelele esikalini esithile somnotho ukuze baqhudelane namabhizinisi akhona ngokwemishini, ubuchwepheshe, izindleko kanye nethalente, ngaleyo ndlela kube umgoqo wezezimali embonini.

(5) Isithiyo Sesistimu Yokuphatha

Ukusetshenziswa kwemboni ye-polyether engezansi komfula kubanzi futhi kuhlakazekile, futhi uhlelo lomkhiqizo oluyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwezidingo zamakhasimende kunezidingo eziphezulu ekhonweni lokusebenza kwesistimu yokuphatha yabahlinzeki. Izinsizakalo zabahlinzeki, okuhlanganisa i-R&D, izinto zokuhlola, ukukhiqizwa, ukuphathwa kwempahla kanye nokuthengiswa kwangemva kokuthengisa, konke kudinga uhlelo oluthembekile lokulawula ikhwalithi kanye nochungechunge lokuhlinzeka olusebenzayo ukuze kusekelwe. Uhlelo lokuphatha olungenhla ludinga ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi eside kanye nesamba esikhulu sokutshalwa kwezimali, okwenza umgoqo omkhulu ekungeneni kwabakhiqizi be-polyether abancane nabaphakathi.

(6) Izithiyo zokuvikela imvelo kanye nokuphepha

Amabhizinisi amakhemikhali aseChina ukuze asebenzise uhlelo lokugunyazwa, ukuvulwa kwamabhizinisi amakhemikhali kufanele ahlangabezane nezimo ezinqunyiwe futhi avunyelwe ngemvume ngaphambi kokuhlanganyela ekukhiqizeni nasekusebenzeni. Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko embonini yenkampani, njenge-propylene oxide, zingamakhemikhali ayingozi, futhi amabhizinisi angena kulo mkhakha kumele adlule ezinqubweni eziyinkimbinkimbi neziqinile ezifana nokubuyekezwa kwephrojekthi, ukubuyekezwa komklamo, ukubuyekezwa kokukhiqizwa kwesilingo kanye nokwamukelwa okuphelele, futhi ekugcineni athole ezifanele. ilayisensi ngaphambi kokuthi bakhiqize ngokusemthethweni.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngentuthuko yenhlalakahle nezomnotho, izidingo zikazwelonke zokukhiqiza ukuphepha, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola ziya ngokuya ngokuya phezulu, inani lezinkampani ezincane, ezinenzuzo embi ye-polyether ngeke bakwazi ukuzikhokhela. izindleko ezikhuphukayo zokuphepha kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo futhi zihoxiswe kancane kancane. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezokuphepha kanye nokuvikela imvelo sekube yizithiyo ezibalulekile zokungena embonini.

(7) Isithiyo Somkhiqizo

Ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane ngokuvamile kuthatha inqubo yokubumba yesikhathi esisodwa, futhi uma i-polyether njengempahla eluhlaza inezinkinga, izodala izinkinga ezinkulu zekhwalithi kulo lonke iqoqo lemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane. Ngakho-ke, ikhwalithi ezinzile yemikhiqizo ye-polyether ngokuvamile iyisici esibalulekile kubasebenzisi. Ikakhulukazi kumakhasimende embonini yezimoto, anezinqubo zokucwaninga eziqinile zokuhlolwa komkhiqizo, ukuhlolwa, ukunikezwa kwezitifiketi nokukhetha, futhi adinga ukudlula amaqoqo amancane, amaqoqo amaningi kanye nokuhlola nokuhlola isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, ukwakhiwa komkhiqizo kanye nokuqoqwa kwezinsiza zamakhasimende kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside nesiningi kwezinsizakusebenza, futhi kunzima kwabasanda kungena ukuncintisana namabhizinisi okuqala ekufakeni uphawu nezinye izici esikhathini esifushane, ngaleyo ndlela bakhe i umgoqo womkhiqizo onamandla.