Ipulasitiki eguquliwe, ibhekisela kumapulasitiki anenhloso ejwayelekile kanye namapulasitiki obunjiniyela asekelwe ekugcwaliseni, ukuxuba, ukuqinisa nezinye izindlela zokucubungula imikhiqizo yepulasitiki eguquliwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokunciphisa ilangabi, amandla, ukumelana nomthelela, ukuqina nezinye izici. Amapulasitiki ashintshiwe manje asetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zasendlini, ezimotweni, ezokuxhumana, ezokwelapha, zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi, ezokuthutha ngesitimela, amathuluzi anembile, izinto zokwakha zasekhaya, ukuphepha, i-aerospace kanye nezindiza, imboni yezempi kanye neminye imikhakha.

Isimo semboni yepulasitiki eguquliwe
Phakathi kuka-2010-2021, ukukhula okusheshayo kwamapulasitiki ashintshiwe e-China, kusukela kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-7.8 ngo-2010 kuya kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-22.5 ngo-2021, ngesilinganiso sokukhula saminyaka yonke esingu-12.5%. Ngokunwetshwa kwezicelo zepulasitiki eziguquliwe, ikusasa lamapulasitiki ashintshiwe aseChina liseyindawo enkulu yokuthuthukiswa.

Njengamanje, isidingo semakethe yepulasitiki eguquliwe sisatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi e-United States, eJalimane, eJapan naseNingizimu Korea. I-United States, iJalimane, iJapan kanye namanye amazwe athuthukile ubuchwepheshe bepulasitiki obushintshiwe buthuthuke kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamapulasitiki aguquliwe ngaphambili, isidingo samapulasitiki ashintshiwe kulezi zindawo sisekude kakhulu, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenqubekelaphambili yobuchwepheshe bepulasitiki obuguquliwe baseChina kanye nokukhuthazwa kokusetshenziswa kwamapulasitiki aguquliwe, usayizi wemakethe wepulasitiki oguquliwe waseChina nawo ubulokhu ukhula.

Ngo-2021, isidingo somhlaba wonke semboni yepulasitiki eguquliwe siyahlukahluka kakhulu, cishe amathani ayi-11,000,000 noma ngaphezulu. Ngemuva kokuphela kobhubhane olusha lomqhele, ngokutholwa kokukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa, isidingo semakethe yepulasitiki eguquliwe sizoba nokwanda okukhulu, izinga lokukhula kwemakethe yemakethe yepulasitiki eguquliwe emhlabeni wonke lizoba ngu-3%, kulindeleke ukuthi imakethe yemakethe yepulasitiki eguquliwe ka-2026 ifinyelele amathani ayi-13,000,000.

Ukuguqulwa nokuvula kweChina, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki kuye kwavela kancane kancane, kodwa ngenxa yesiqalo sekwephuzile, imboni yasekhaya yokucubungula ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki inobuchwepheshe obubuthakathaka, izinkinga ezincane, izinhlobo zomkhiqizo ophezulu ikakhulukazi zithembele ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe. Imininingwane ikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2019, amabhizinisi ezimboni zaseChina angaphezu kwesilinganiso sokukhiqizwa kwamapulasitiki ashintshiwe afinyelela kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-19.55, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2022, amabhizinisi ezimboni aseChina angaphezu kwesikali samapulasitiki ashintshiwe azofinyelela amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-22.81.

Umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yepulasitiki eguquliwe
Ngokuthuthuka kokuphrinta kwe-3D, i-inthanethi Yezinto, ukuxhumana kwe-5G, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa nobunye ubuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kwamapulasitiki aguquliwe ezindaweni ezisezansi nomfula kuyaqhubeka nokucebisa indawo yesehlakalo, ububanzi bokufaka isicelo buyaqhubeka nokukhula, okuletha amathuba okuthuthukiswa kwamapulasitiki ashintshiwe ngasikhathi sinye, izinto eziguquliwe nazo zibeka izidingo eziphakeme.

Ngokuzayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yepulasitiki eguquliwe yaseChina kuzoba yizimo ezilandelayo.

(1) ukuthuthukiswa kanye nenqubekelaphambili yezindawo ezansi nomfula kuzokhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yepulasitiki eguquliwe

Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kokuxhumana kwe-5G, i-inthanethi Yezinto, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, ukuphrinta kwe-3D nobunye ubuchwepheshe, ukukhuphuka kwekhaya elihlakaniphile, izimoto zamandla amasha, njll., isidingo semakethe sokusebenza kwempahla siyaqhubeka nokuba ngcono, ukuthuthukiswa kokuqanjwa embonini yepulasitiki eguquliwe kuzoqhubeka nokukhula. Njengamanje, ukuncika kwepulasitiki okuguquliwe yaseChina okuphezulu kusezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, ukwenziwa kwasendaweni okuphezulu kwepulasitiki okuguquliwe akunakugwenywa, ngokuminyana okuphansi, ukuqina okuphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, izinhlanganisela eziguqukayo eziphansi zemikhiqizo yepulasitiki izosetshenziswa kabanzi.

Ngezimoto ezintsha zamandla, amakhaya ahlakaniphile kanye nezinye izidingo zemakethe ezintsha kuzophinde kubangele isidingo esikhulu samapulasitiki aguquliwe asezingeni eliphezulu, amapulasitiki aguquliwe asezingeni eliphezulu azongenisa intwasahlobo yentuthuko.

(2) inqubekelaphambili yobuchwepheshe bokuguqula ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zepulasitiki eziguquliwe

Ngokusetshenziswa kwesidingo, imboni yepulasitiki eguquliwe nayo ithuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuguqulwa kanye nokwakheka kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa, ngaphezu kokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokuthuthukiswa kwendabuko, ubuchwepheshe obunqanda ilangabi, ubuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwenhlanganisela, ukusebenza okukhethekile, ubuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa i-alloy synergistic nakho kuzokwanda, imboni yepulasitiki eguquliwe ikhombisa ukuthambekela kokuhlukahluka kobuchwepheshe bepulasitiki obujwayelekile, ubunjiniyela bepulasitiki obujwayelekile.

Ubunjiniyela bezinhloso ezijwayelekile zamapulasitiki okungukuthi, amapulasitiki enhloso ejwayelekile ngokuguqulwa kancane kancane anezici ezithile zepulasitiki yobunjiniyela, ukuze akwazi ukuthatha indawo yengxenye yamapulasitiki obunjiniyela, futhi ngaleyo ndlela abambe ingxenye yemakethe yezicelo zepulasitiki zobunjiniyela bendabuko. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwepulasitiki yobunjiniyela kungokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa, amapulasitiki obunjiniyela ashintshiwe angafinyelela noma adlule ukusebenza kwezingxenye zensimbi, eminyakeni yamuva nje, kanye nolwazi nokuxhumana kweChina, imboni entsha yezimoto zamandla ethuthukayo, isidingo sepulasitiki sobunjiniyela esiguquliwe sikhuphuke kakhulu, singajwayelana nendawo yokusebenza enokhahlo ngamandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu kanye nezinye izakhiwo ezinhle zokulungiswa kokushisa kwepulasitiki kanye nezinye izakhiwo zepulasitiki eziguquliwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuqwashisa komphakathi ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokuqondiswa kwezinqubomgomo zikazwelonke, isidingo semakethe samapulasitiki aguquliwe avumelana nemvelo, ukonga amandla aphansi, angaphinda agaywe futhi awonakaliswe, isidingo semakethe samapulasitiki aguquliwe asebenza kahle ngokwemvelo siyakhula, ikakhulukazi iphunga eliphansi, i-VOC ephansi, akukho kufafazwa nezinye izidingo zobuchwepheshe ezingase zihlanganise yonke iketango lemboni elikhuphuka nomfula.

(3) ukuncintisana kwemakethe okuqinisiwe, ukugxilwa kwemboni kuzothuthuka

Njengamanje, amabhizinisi okukhiqiza amapulasitiki aguquliwe aseChina maningi, ukuncintisana kwemboni kushubile, uma kuqhathaniswa namabhizinisi amakhulu omhlaba, amandla ezobuchwepheshe embonini yepulasitiki eguquliwe yaseChina asekhona igebe elithile. Ithintwe yimpi yokuhweba yase-US-China, ubhubhane olusha lwenyumoniya nezinye izici eziningi, imboni yokukhiqiza yaseChina inaka kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwe-supply chain, edinga uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka oluzinzile nonokwethenjelwa, okugcizelela ukuzimela nokulawuleka, okudala amathuba amasha embonini yepulasitiki eguquliwe yaseChina, ngamathuba ezimakethe kanye nokwesekwa kwezimboni kazwelonke, imboni yepulasitiki izovela ezingeni elisha lepulasitiki. amabhizinisi avelele angaqhudelana namabhizinisi amakhulu omhlaba.

Ngasikhathi sinye, i-homogenization yobuchwepheshe, ukuntuleka kocwaningo oluzimele kanye namakhono okuthuthukiswa, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye namabhizinisi asezingeni eliphansi nawo azobhekana nesimo sokuqedwa kancane kancane emakethe, futhi ukwanda okwengeziwe kokugxila ezimbonini nakho kuzoba umkhuba wentuthuko jikelele.