Ipulasitiki eguquliwe, ibhekisela kumapulasitiki anenhloso ejwayelekile kanye namapulasitiki obunjiniyela asekelwe ekugcwaliseni, ukuxuba, ukuqinisa nezinye izindlela zokucubungula imikhiqizo yepulasitiki eguquliwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokunciphisa ilangabi, amandla, ukumelana nomthelela, ukuqina nezinye izici. Amapulasitiki ashintshiwe manje asetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zasendlini, ezimotweni, ezokuxhumana, ezokwelapha, zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi, ezokuthutha ngesitimela, amathuluzi anembile, izinto zokwakha zasekhaya, ukuphepha, i-aerospace kanye nezindiza, imboni yezempi kanye neminye imikhakha.

Isimo semboni yepulasitiki eguquliwe
Phakathi kuka-2010-2021, ukukhula okusheshayo kwamapulasitiki ashintshiwe e-China, kusukela kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-7.8 ngo-2010 kuya kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-22.5 ngo-2021, ngesilinganiso sokukhula saminyaka yonke esingu-12.5%. Ngokunwetshwa kwezicelo zepulasitiki eziguquliwe, ikusasa lamapulasitiki ashintshiwe aseChina liseyindawo enkulu yokuthuthukiswa.

Njengamanje, isidingo semakethe yepulasitiki eguquliwe sisatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi e-United States, eJalimane, eJapan naseNingizimu Korea. I-United States, Germany, Japan kanye namanye amazwe athuthukile ubuchwepheshe bepulasitiki obushintshiwe buthuthuke kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamapulasitiki aguquliwe ngaphambili, isidingo samapulasitiki aguquliwe kulezi zindawo sisekude kakhulu, eminyakeni yamuva, ngenqubekelaphambili yobuchwepheshe bepulasitiki obuguquliwe baseChina kanye ukukhuthazwa kokusetshenziswa kwamapulasitiki aguquliwe, usayizi wemakethe wepulasitiki oguquliwe waseChina nawo ubulokhu ukhula.

Ngo-2021, isidingo somhlaba wonke semboni yepulasitiki eguquliwe siyahlukahluka kakhulu, cishe amathani ayi-11,000,000 noma ngaphezulu. Ngemuva kokuphela kobhubhane olusha lomqhele, ngokubuyiswa kokukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa, isidingo semakethe yepulasitiki eguquliwe sizoba nokwanda okukhulu, izinga lokukhula kwemakethe yemakethe yepulasitiki eguquliwe lizoba cishe ngama-3%, kulindeleke ukuthi libe ngamapulasitiki aguquliwe emhlabeni wonke angama-2026. isidingo semakethe yemboni sizofinyelela amathani ayi-13,000,000.

Ukuguqulwa nokuvula kweChina, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki kuye kwavela kancane kancane, kodwa ngenxa yesiqalo sekwephuzile, imboni yasekhaya yokucubungula ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki inobuchwepheshe obubuthakathaka, izinkinga ezincane, izinhlobo zomkhiqizo ophezulu ikakhulukazi zithembele ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe. Imininingwane ikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2019, amabhizinisi ezimboni zaseChina angaphezu kwesilinganiso sokukhiqizwa kwamapulasitiki ashintshiwe afinyelela kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-19.55, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2022, amabhizinisi ezimboni aseChina angaphezu kwesikali samapulasitiki ashintshiwe azofinyelela amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-22.81.

Umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yepulasitiki eguquliwe
Ngokuthuthuka kokuphrinta kwe-3D, i-Intanethi Yezinto, ukuxhumana kwe-5G, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa nobunye ubuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kwamapulasitiki aguquliwe ezindaweni ezisezansi nomfula kuyaqhubeka nokucebisa indawo yesigameko, ububanzi bokusebenza buyaqhubeka nokukhula, okuletha amathuba okuthuthukiswa kwamapulasitiki aguquliwe endaweni. ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinto eziguquliwe nazo zibeka izidingo eziphakeme.

Ngokuzayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yepulasitiki eguquliwe yaseChina kuzoba yizimo ezilandelayo.

(1) ukuthuthukiswa kanye nenqubekelaphambili yezindawo ezansi nomfula kuzokhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yepulasitiki eguquliwe

Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kokuxhumana kwe-5G, i-inthanethi Yezinto, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, ukuphrinta kwe-3D nobunye ubuchwepheshe, ukukhuphuka kwekhaya elihlakaniphile, izimoto zamandla amasha, njll., isidingo semakethe sokusebenza kwempahla siyaqhubeka nokuba ngcono, ukuthuthukiswa kokuqanjwa kabusha imboni yepulasitiki eguquliwe izoqhubeka nokukhula. Njengamanje, ukuncika kwepulasitiki okuguquliwe yaseChina okuphezulu kusezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, ukwenziwa kwasendaweni okuphezulu kwepulasitiki okuguquliwe akunakugwenywa, ngokuminyana okuphansi, ukuqina okuphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, izinhlanganisela eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo eziphansi zemikhiqizo yepulasitiki kuzoba ngaphezulu futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi.

Ngezimoto ezintsha zamandla, amakhaya ahlakaniphile kanye nezinye izidingo zemakethe ezintsha kuzophinde kubangele isidingo esikhulu samapulasitiki aguquliwe asezingeni eliphezulu, amapulasitiki aguquliwe asezingeni eliphezulu azongenisa intwasahlobo yentuthuko.

(2) inqubekelaphambili yobuchwepheshe bokuguqula ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zepulasitiki eziguquliwe

Ngokusetshenziswa kwesidingo, imboni yepulasitiki eguquliwe nayo ithuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuguqulwa kanye nokwakhiwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa, ngaphezu kokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokuthuthukiswa kwendabuko, ubuchwepheshe obunqanda ilangabi, ubuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa okuyinhlanganisela, ukusebenza okukhethekile, I-alloy synergistic application technology nayo izokhula, imboni yepulasitiki eguquliwe ikhombisa ukuthambekela kokuhlukahluka kobuchwepheshe bokuguqula, ubunjiniyela bamapulasitiki anenjongo ejwayelekile, amapulasitiki obunjiniyela asebenza kahle kakhulu.

Ubunjiniyela bezinhloso ezijwayelekile zamapulasitiki okungukuthi, amapulasitiki enhloso ejwayelekile ngokuguqulwa kancane kancane anezici ezithile zepulasitiki yobunjiniyela, ukuze akwazi ukuthatha indawo yengxenye yamapulasitiki obunjiniyela, futhi ngaleyo ndlela abambe ingxenye yemakethe yezicelo zepulasitiki zobunjiniyela bendabuko. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwepulasitiki yobunjiniyela kungokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa, amapulasitiki obunjiniyela aguquliwe angafinyelela noma adlule ukusebenza kwezingxenye zensimbi, eminyakeni yamuva nje, kanye nolwazi nokuxhumana kweChina, imboni entsha yezimoto yamandla ikhula ngamandla, imfuno ephezulu yokusebenza eguquliwe yobunjiniyela ikhuphuke kakhulu, ingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nemvelo enzima yokusebenza enamandla amakhulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nezinye izakhiwo zamapulasitiki wobunjiniyela aguquliwe asebenza kahle kuzoba izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinhle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuqwashisa komphakathi ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokuqondiswa kwezinqubomgomo zikazwelonke, isidingo semakethe samapulasitiki aguquliwe anobungani bemvelo, anekhabhoni ephansi, angaphinda asetshenziswe futhi awonakele, siyanda isidingo semakethe sokusebenza okuphezulu okuguquliwe okuhambisana nemvelo. amapulasitiki ayakhuphuka, ikakhulukazi iphunga eliphansi, i-VOC ephansi, akukho ukufuthwa kanye nezinye izidingo zobuchwepheshe ezingase zihlanganise yonke iketango lemboni phezulu nomfula.

(3) ukuncintisana kwemakethe okuqinisiwe, ukugxilwa kwemboni kuzothuthuka

Njengamanje, amabhizinisi okukhiqiza amapulasitiki aguquliwe aseChina maningi, ukuncintisana kwemboni kushubile, uma kuqhathaniswa namabhizinisi amakhulu omhlaba, amandla ezobuchwepheshe embonini yepulasitiki eguquliwe yaseChina asekhona igebe elithile. Ithintwe yimpi yohwebo yase-US-China, ubhubhane olusha lwenyumoniya nezinye izici eziningi, imboni yokukhiqiza yaseChina ibheka kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwe-supply chain, edinga uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka oluzinzile nonokwethenjelwa, okugcizelela ukuzimela nokulawuleka. futhi kwakha amathuba amasha embonini yepulasitiki eguquliwe yaseChina, enamathuba emakethe nokusekelwa kwezimboni kuzwelonke, imboni yepulasitiki eguquliwe yaseChina izokhuphukela ezingeni elisha, ukuvela kwenani lezimboni. amabhizinisi avelele angaqhudelana namabhizinisi amakhulu omhlaba.

Ngasikhathi sinye, i-homogenization yobuchwepheshe, ukuntuleka kocwaningo oluzimele kanye namakhono okuthuthukiswa, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye namabhizinisi asezingeni eliphansi nawo azobhekana nesimo sokuqedwa kancane kancane emakethe, futhi ukwanda okwengeziwe kokugxila ezimbonini nakho kuzoba umkhuba wentuthuko jikelele.