Ukuminyana kweMethanol Kuyachazwa: Izimpawu, Isilinganiso kanye Nezici Eziyithintayo
Uhlolojikelele lwe-Methanol Density
I-Methanol (ifomula yamakhemikhali: CH₃OH) iyikhemikhali ebalulekile, futhi ukuminyana kwayo kuyipharamitha ebalulekile ekala ubudlelwano bayo nevolumu enkulu. Ulwazi nokuqonda ukuminyana kwe-methanol kubalulekile ekukhiqizeni izimboni, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kanye nezokuthutha. Ngokuvamile, ukuminyana kuyimpahla yemvelo yento futhi kuhlobene eduze nezimo ezifana nezinga lokushisa nokucindezela. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe izakhiwo ze-methanol density, izindlela zayo zokulinganisa kanye nezici eziwuthintayo, ukukusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono le parameter ebalulekile.
Izici eziyisisekelo ze-methanol density
Ukuminyana kwe-methanol kuvame ukuvezwa ngokwevolumu ngeyunithi ngayinye yesisindo se-methanol, futhi ezimeni ezijwayelekile (okungukuthi, 20°C no-1 atm), ukuminyana kwe-methanol cishe ku-0.7918 g/cm³. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi leli nani liyahlukahluka ngokushisa nokucindezela, ngakho-ke ukuminyana kungase kuhluke kancane ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezihlukene. Ukuqonda izici eziyisisekelo zokuminyana kwe-methanol kusiza ekulinganiseni okunembile nokulawula ukusabela ezinqubweni zamakhemikhali.
Izinto ezithinta ukuminyana kwe-methanol
Umthelela wezinga lokushisa kubuningi be-methanol
Izinga lokushisa lingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezithinta ukuminyana kwe-methanol. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, amandla e-kinetic ama-molecule e-methanol ayanda futhi ibanga phakathi kwama-molecule liyakhula, okuholela ekwehleni kokuminyana. Isibonelo, ekamelweni lokushisa (20°C), i-methanol inokuminyana okungu-0.7918 g/cm³, eyehla ifike cishe ku-0.762 g/cm³ uma izinga lokushisa linyuswa libe ngu-60°C. Lokhu kuncika kwezinga lokushisa kufanele kucatshangelwe ekusebenzeni okungokoqobo, ikakhulukazi lapho ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kuhilelekile noma lapho umthamo we-methanol udinga ukulinganiswa ngokunembile.
Umthelela wengcindezi ku-methanol density
Nakuba umthelela wengcindezi ekugqineni koketshezi ngokuvamile umncane, endaweni enengcindezi ephezulu lesi sici asinakuzitshwa. Ukucindezela okwandayo kuphoqa amabanga phakathi kwama-molecule ukuba ehle, ngaleyo ndlela kukhulisa kancane ukuminyana kwe-methanol. Oketshezini olufana ne-methanol, izinguquko zokuminyana ngenxa yengcindezi ngokuvamile azibonakali kangako kunokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Ngakho-ke, umthelela wengcindezi ekumineni kwe-methanol ungabhekwa njengesibili ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokusebenza, kodwa lesi sici sisadinga ukucatshangelwa kumishini yamakhemikhali yokucindezela okuphezulu.
Izindlela zokulinganisa zokuminyana kwe-methanol
Indlela yokulinganisa ilabhorethri
Elabhorethri, ukuminyana kwe-methanol kuvame ukukalwa kusetshenziswa ibhodlela elithile lamandla adonsela phansi noma i-densitometer. Indlela ethile yebhodlela lamandla adonsela phansi iyindlela yakudala yokulinganisa ukuminyana, lapho ukuminyana kubalwa ngokukala isisindo sebhodlela elithile lamandla adonsela phansi eligcwaliswe ngoketshezi. I-densitometer iyithuluzi elikala ngokuqondile ukuminyana koketshezi futhi linquma ukuminyana koketshezi ngomgomo wokunyakaza kokuntanta. Zombili izindlela zinezinzuzo kanye nezinkinga zazo, eyokuqala inembe kakhulu kodwa inzima ukuyisebenzisa, lena yakamuva ilula ukuyisebenzisa kodwa idinga ukulinganiswa okuphezulu kwethuluzi.
Isilinganiso se-inthanethi semboni
Emkhiqizweni wezimboni, ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela ukuminyana kwe-methanol kubalulekile ekulawuleni inqubo. Amadivayisi asetshenziswa kakhulu ku-inthanethi okulinganisa ukuminyana ahlanganisa amashubhu densitometers adlidlizayo kanye nama-ultrasonic densitometers. Ama-densitometer eshubhu adlidlizayo anquma ukuminyana ngokulinganisa imvamisa yokukhala koketshezi ngaphakathi kweshubhu elidlidlizayo, kuyilapho ama-densitometer e-ultrasonic ethola ukuminyana esivinini samagagasi e-ultrasonic ahamba oketshezini. Lawa madivayisi ahlinzeka ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izimo zokusebenza zingaphakathi kwemikhawulo efanelekile.
Ukuminyana kwe-Methanol embonini yamakhemikhali
Ukunqunywa okunembile nokulawula ukuminyana kwe-methanol kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza embonini yamakhemikhali. Isibonelo, kubunjiniyela bokusabela, ukuminyana kuyipharamitha eyinhloko ekubalweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo nokubalwa kwamandla. Lapho ugcina futhi uthutha i-methanol, idatha yokuminyana ingasiza ekunqumeni umthamo wokugcwalisa amathangi okugcina kanye nokulayishwa kwezimoto zokuthutha. Idatha yokuminyana ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukuqapha ukuhlanzeka kwe-methanol, njengoba ukuba khona kokungcola kuvame ukuholela ekuhlukeni okungavamile kokuminyana.
Isifinyezo
Ukuminyana kwe-methanol kuyipharamitha ebalulekile embonini yamakhemikhali, ethinta izici ezimbalwa zokusebenza nokuklama. Ngokuqonda izakhiwo zayo, izindlela zokulinganisa nezici ezinomthelela, abasebenza embonini yamakhemikhali bayakwazi ukulawula kangcono inqubo yokukhiqiza, bathuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza futhi baqinisekise ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ukulinganisa ukuqonda nokusebenzisa ukuminyana kwe-methanol ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezimboni.