Uyayikhumbula i-melamine? “Isengezo sempushana yobisi” esidume kabi, kodwa ngokumangalisayo, singase “siguqulwe”.

Ngomhla zi-2 kuNhlolanja, kwashicilelwa iphepha locwaningo ku-Nature, ijenali yesayensi yomhlaba wonke ehamba phambili, ethi i-melamine ingenziwa into eqinile kunensimbi futhi elula kunepulasitiki, abantu bamangale kakhulu. Leli phepha lashicilelwa ithimba eliholwa usosayensi odumile wezinto zokwakha uMichael Strano, uprofesa eMnyangweni Wezobunjiniyela Bamakhemikhali eMassachusetts Institute of Technology, futhi umbhali wokuqala wayengumlingani we-postdoctoral u-Yuwei Zeng.

Kuthiwa baqambe igama elithiimpahla kuiphuma ku-melamine 2DPA-1, i-polymer enezinhlangothi ezimbili ezihlanganisa ngokwayo ibe amashidi ukuze yakhe into engaminyene kodwa eqine ngokwedlulele, yekhwalithi ephezulu, okufakwe kuyo amalungelo obunikazi amabili.

I-Melamine, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-dimethylamine, iyikristalu emhlophe ye-monoclinic ebukeka ifana nobisi p

I-Melamine ayinambitheki futhi incibilika kancane emanzini, kodwa futhi ku-methanol, i-formaldehyde, i-acetic acid, i-glycerin, i-pyridine, njll. Ayincibiliki ku-acetone ne-ether. Kuyingozi emzimbeni womuntu, futhi kokubili i-China ne-WHO ichaze ukuthi i-melamine akufanele isetshenziselwe ukucubungula ukudla noma izithasiselo zokudla, kodwa empeleni i-melamine isabaluleke kakhulu njengamakhemikhali aluhlaza kanye nezinto eziluhlaza zokwakha, ikakhulukazi kumapende, ama-lacquers, amapuleti, izinto zokunamathisela kanye neminye imikhiqizo inezicelo eziningi.

I-molecular formula ye-melamine yi-C3H6N6 kanti isisindo se-molecular yi-126.12. Ngefomula yayo yamakhemikhali, singakwazi ukwazi ukuthi i-melamine iqukethe izakhi ezintathu, i-carbon, i-hydrogen ne-nitrogen, futhi iqukethe ukwakheka kwekhabhoni ne-nitrogen izindandatho, futhi ososayensi e-MIT bathola ekuhloleni kwabo ukuthi lawa ma-molecule e-melamine monomers angakhula ngezilinganiso ezimbili ngaphansi okufanele. Izimo, futhi izibopho ze-hydrogen kuma-molecule zizohlanganiswa ndawonye, ​​​​okuzokwenza kube njalo Amabhondi e-hydrogen kuma-molecule azohlanganiswa ndawonye, ​​​​okwenze kube i-disc shape in stacking njalo, nje. njengesakhiwo esiyi-hexagonal esakhiwe yi-graphene enezinhlangothi ezimbili, futhi lesi sakhiwo sizinzile futhi siqinile, ngakho-ke i-melamine iguqulwa ibe ishidi eliphezulu elinezinhlangothi ezimbili elibizwa ngokuthi i-polyamide ezandleni zososayensi.

Izinto ezisetshenziswayo futhi akulula ukukhiqiza, kusho uStrano, futhi zingakhiqizwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngesixazululo, lapho ifilimu ye-2DPA-1 ingasuswa kamuva, okuhlinzeka ngendlela elula yokwenza izinto eziqinile kakhulu kodwa ezacile ngamanani amakhulu.

Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi into entsha ine-modulus of elasticity, isilinganiso samandla adingekayo ukuze kukhubazeke, amakhulu ngokuphindwe kane kuya kweziyisithupha kunengilazi engangenwa izinhlamvu. Baphinde bathola ukuthi naphezu kokuba ingxenye eyodwa kweziyisithupha iminyene njengensimbi, i-polymer inamandla aphindwe kabili okukhiqiza, noma amandla adingekayo ukuze aphule impahla.

Enye impahla eyinhloko yezinto ezibonakalayo ukungangeni kwayo umoya. Ngenkathi amanye ama-polymer ahlanganisa amaketanga asontekile anezikhala lapho igesi ingaphuma khona, into entsha iqukethe ama-monomer anamathelana njengamabhulokhi e-Lego futhi ama-molecule angakwazi ukungena phakathi kwawo.

Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi senze izigqoko ezi-ultra-thin ezimelana ngokuphelele nokungena kwamanzi noma igesi, "kusho ososayensi. Lolu hlobo lwe-barrier coating lungasetshenziswa ukuvikela izinsimbi ezimotweni nakwezinye izimoto noma ezakhiweni zensimbi. "

Manje abacwaningi bafunda ukuthi le polymer ethile ingakhiwa kanjani ibe amashidi anezinhlangothi ezimbili ngokuningiliziwe futhi bazama ukuguqula ukwakheka kwayo kwamangqamuzana ukuze bakhe ezinye izinhlobo zezinto ezintsha.

Kuyacaca ukuthi lesi sici sifiseleka kakhulu, futhi uma singakhiqizwa ngobuningi, singaletha izinguquko ezinkulu ezinkundleni zokuvikela izimoto, i-aerospace, kanye ne-ballistic. Ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezimoto ezintsha zamandla, nakuba amazwe amaningi ehlela ukuqeda izimoto zikaphethiloli ngemva kuka-2035, kodwa uhla lwamanje lwezimoto zamandla amasha luseyinkinga. Uma le nto entsha ingasetshenziswa emkhakheni wezimoto, kusho ukuthi isisindo sezimoto ezintsha zamandla zizoncishiswa kakhulu, kodwa futhi ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla, okuzokwenza ngcono ngokungaqondile ububanzi bezimoto ezintsha zamandla.