Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2022 kuya maphakathi no-2023, izintengo emakethe yamakhemikhali yase-China ngokuvamile zehla. Kodwa-ke, kusukela maphakathi no-2023, amanani entengo amakhemikhali amaningi ehle futhi enyuka, okubonisa ukuziphindiselela phezulu. Ukuze sithole ukuqonda okujulile kwenkambiso yemakethe yamakhemikhali yaseShayina, sihlanganise idatha yentengo yemakethe yemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali engaphezu kwe-100, sibheka isimo semakethe ngezindlela ezimbili: izinyanga eziyisithupha ezedlule kanye nekota yakamuva.

Ukuhlaziywa kwemakethe yemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali yaseChina ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule

Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule, uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule, amanani angaphezu kwama-60% ezimakethe zamakhemikhali ehlile, okubonisa umuzwa ongemuhle emakethe. Phakathi kwazo, amaconsi entengo yamagesi enqubo, i-polycrystalline silicon, i-glyphosate, i-lithium hydroxide, usawoti oluhlaza, i-sulfuric acid, i-lithium carbonate, i-antioxidants, kanye negesi yemvelo e-liquefied yizona ezibaluleke kakhulu.

Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziwohlokayo zemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, amagesi ezimboni abonise ukwehla okukhulu kakhulu, ngokuncipha okuphelele, futhi ukwehla okunqwabelanayo kweminye imikhiqizo kuze kudlule ngisho nangama-30%. Eminye imikhiqizo ehlobene nochungechunge lwemboni yamandla entsha nayo ilandela eduze, njengemikhiqizo ehlobene neketango lemboni ye-photovoltaic kanye nochungechunge lwemboni yebhethri ye-lithium, nokwehla kwamanani okubalulekile.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imikhiqizo efana ne-liquid chlorine, i-hydrogen peroxide, i-glacial acetic acid, i-heptane, i-octanol, i-crude benzene, ne-isopropanol ibonisa ukuthambekela kokukhuphuka kwentengo. Phakathi kwazo, imakethe ye-octanol ibone ukwanda okukhulu kakhulu, yafinyelela ngaphezulu kwama-440%. Amakhemikhali ayisisekelo nawo anyukile, kodwa ukukhuphuka okujwayelekile cishe ku-9%.

Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezikhulayo zemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, cishe i-79% yemikhiqizo ikhuphuke ngaphansi kuka-10%, okuwukukhula okukhulu kwenani lomkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-15% wemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali ukhuphuke ngo-10% -20%, u-2.8% ngo-20% -30%, u-1.25% ngo-30% -50%, futhi u-1.88% kuphela ngaphezu kuka-50%.

Nakuba iningi lokukhula kwemakethe yemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali kungaphakathi kuka-10%, okuwububanzi obunengqondo bokuguquguquka, kukhona futhi imikhiqizo embalwa yamakhemikhali eye yakhula kakhulu. Izinga lokumakethwa kwamakhemikhali ayinqwaba e-China liphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi iningi lincike ekuhlinzekeni kwasekhaya kanye nemvelo yokufunwa ukuthikameze ukushintshashintsha kwezimakethe. Ngakho-ke, ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule, iningi lemakethe yamakhemikhali lenyuke ngaphansi kuka-10%.

Ngokuqondene nezinhlobo zamakhemikhali eziwile, cishe ama-71% awo ehle ngaphansi kuka-10%, okwenza kube nokwehla okukhulu. Ukwengeza, u-21% wamakhemikhali wehle ngo-10% -20%, u-4.1% wehla ngo-20% -30%, u-2.99% wehla ngo-30% -50%, kwathi u-1.12% kuphela wehla ngaphezu kwalokho. 50%. Kuyabonakala ukuthi nakuba kube khona ukuthambekela kokwehla okusabalele emakethe yamakhemikhali eningi yase-China, imikhiqizo eminingi ibe nokwehla okungaphansi kuka-10%, kube nemikhiqizo embalwa kuphela eye yehla kakhulu.

Imakethe yemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali yaseChina ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule

Ngokwengxenye yokuguquguquka kwenani lomkhiqizo emakethe yemboni yamakhemikhali ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule, ama-76% emikhiqizo yehle, okubalelwa engxenyeni enkulu kakhulu. Ukwengeza, ama-21% entengo yomkhiqizo anyukile, kuyilapho kuphela ama-3% entengo yomkhiqizo ahlale ezinzile. Kulokhu, kungabonakala ukuthi imakethe yemboni yamakhemikhali iqhubekile nokwehla ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule, neningi lemikhiqizo liwa.

Ngokombono wezinhlobo zomkhiqizo ezinciphayo, imikhiqizo eminingi, okuhlanganisa igesi yezimboni kanye nemikhiqizo emisha yamaketanga embonini yamandla njenge-nitrogen, i-argon, i-polycrystalline silicon, ama-silicon wafers, njll., ibe nokwehla okukhulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyisisekelo zamakhemikhali ayinqwaba nazo zibe nokwehla ngalesi sikhathi.

Nakuba imakethe yamakhemikhali ikhule ngezinga elithile ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule, ngaphezu kwama-84% emikhiqizo yamakhemikhali inyuke ngaphansi kuka-10%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-11% wemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali ukhuphuke ngo-10% -20%, u-1% wemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali ukhuphuke ngo-20% -30%, kanti u-2.2% wemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali ukhuphuke ngo-30% -50%. Le datha ikhombisa ukuthi ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule, imakethe yamakhemikhali ikhombise kakhulu ukunyuka okuncane, nokuguquguquka okulinganiselwe kwentengo yemakethe.

Nakuba kube nokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo yemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali emakethe, kubangelwa kakhulu ukwehla kokwehla kwangaphambilini kanye noshintsho esimweni semakethe. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kwanda akusho ukuthi ukuthambekela embonini kushintshile.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwehla kwemakethe yamakhemikhali nakho kubonisa umkhuba ofanayo. Cishe u-62% wemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali yehle ngo-10%, u-27% wehle ngo-10% -20%, u-6.8% wehla ngo-20% -30%, u-2.67% wehla ngo-30% -50% , futhi u-1.19% kuphela unokuncipha okungaphezu kuka-50%.

Muva nje, amanani kawoyela aqhubekile nokukhuphuka, kodwa ukusekelwa okunikezwa ukukhula kwezindleko ezintengo zemakethe akuyona indlela engcono kakhulu yokukhuphuka kwentengo yemakethe. Imakethe yabathengi ayikaguquki, futhi amanani emakethe yemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali yaseShayina asesenkingeni ebuthaka. Kulindeleke ukuthi imakethe yamakhemikhali yaseShayina ihlale isesimweni esibuthakathaka futhi esiguquguqukayo isikhathi esisele sika-2023, esingase siqhubekise ukukhula kwemakethe yabathengi basekhaya ngasekupheleni konyaka.