M-I-cresol, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-m-methylphenol noma i-3-methylphenol, iyinhlanganisela ye-organic ne-chemical formula C7H8O. Ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, ngokuvamile uketshezi oluphuzi olungenambala noma olukhanyayo, oluncibilika kancane emanzini, kodwa oluncibilika kuzincibilikisi ezifana ne-ethanol, i-ether, i-sodium hydroxide, futhi inokuvutha. Le nhlanganisela inezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo emkhakheni wamakhemikhali amahle.

Inkambu yezibulala-zinambuzane: Njengempahla ephakathi nendawo eluhlaza yezibulala-zinambuzane, i-m-cresol iphinde isetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni izibulala-zinambuzane ezihlukahlukene ze-pyrethroid, njenge-fluazuron, i-cypermethrin, i-glyphosate, ne-dichlorophenol, ngokukhiqiza isibulala-zinambuzane i-m-phenoxybenzaldehyde. Emkhakheni wemithi, i-m-cresol inezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza futhi ingasetshenziswa njengempahla eluhlaza ukuze kukhiqizwe izidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene, njengezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala, izidakamizwa ezilwa nomdlavuza, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-m-cresol ingasetshenziswa futhi lungisa izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha kanye nezibulala-magciwane. Imboni yamakhemikhali emihle: i-m-cresol ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yamakhemikhali emihle. Isibonelo, ingasabela nge-formaldehyde yakhe i-m-cresol formaldehyde resin, eyisibulala-zinambuzane esibalulekile esimaphakathi futhi engasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izibulala-sikhunta nezibulala-zinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingasetshenziswa futhi ukukhiqiza ama-antioxidants, odayi, izinongo, njll. Eminye imikhakha: i-m-cresol ingasetshenziswa futhi ukulungisa izinto zokusebenza, njenge-ion exchange resins, ama-adsorbents, njll.

 1,Uhlolojikelele lwenqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nomehluko wasekhaya nowamazwe ngamazwe

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-meta cresol ingahlukaniswa ikakhulukazi izigaba ezimbili: indlela yokukhipha kanye nendlela yokuhlanganisa. Indlela yokukhipha ifaka phakathi ukubuyisela i-cresol exubile emikhiqizweni yetiyela yamalahle bese uthola i-meta cresol ngenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuhlukanisa. Imithetho yokuhlanganisa ihlanganisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne-toluene chlorination hydrolysis, indlela ye-isopropyltoluene, kanye nendlela ye-diazotization ye-m-toluidine. Umnyombo walezi zindlela uwukuhlanganisa i-cresol ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali nokuyehlukanisa ukuze kutholwe i-m-cresol.

Njengamanje, lisekhona igebe elikhulu ohlelweni lokukhiqiza i-cresol phakathi kweChina namazwe angaphandle. Nakuba sekube nenqubekelaphambili ethile ohlelweni lokukhiqiza i-m-cresol e-China eminyakeni yamuva nje, kusenamaphutha amaningi ekulawuleni ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, ukukhethwa kwama-catalysts ayinhloko, kanye nokuphathwa kwenqubo. Lokhu kuholela ezindlekweni eziphezulu ze-meta cresol eyenziwe ekhaya, futhi ikhwalithi inzima ukuncintisana nemikhiqizo evela kwamanye amazwe.

2,Izinselelo kanye Nokuphumelela Kokuhlukanisa Ubuchwepheshe

Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa bubalulekile ohlelweni lokukhiqiza i-meta cresol. Ngenxa yomehluko wephoyinti abilayo ongu-0.4 ℃ kuphela kanye nomehluko wephoyinti elincibilikayo elingu-24.6 ℃ phakathi kwe-meta cresol ne-para cresol, kunzima ukuwahlukanisa ngokuphumelelayo kusetshenziswa izindlela ezivamile zokucwenga kanye nezindlela zokucwebezela. Ngakho-ke, imboni ngokuvamile isebenzisa i-molecular sieve adsorption nezindlela ze-alkylation ukuze zihlukanise.

Endleleni ye-molecular sieve adsorption, ukukhethwa nokulungiswa kwezisefo zamangqamuzana kubalulekile. Izisefo zamamolekyuli zekhwalithi ephezulu zingakhanga kahle i-meta cresol, ngaleyo ndlela zizuze ukuhlukaniswa okusebenzayo ne-para cresol. Khonamanjalo, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-catalyst amasha futhi asebenza kahle futhi kuyisiqondiso esibalulekile sempumelelo yobuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa. Lawa ma-catalyst angathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa, anciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi athuthukise ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza i-meta cresol.

3,Iphethini yemakethe yomhlaba wonke neyaseShayina ye-cresol

Izinga lokukhiqiza lomhlaba wonke le-meta cresol lidlula amathani angu-60000/ngonyaka, phakathi kwawo iLangsheng yaseJalimane kanye ne-Sasso yase-United States abakhiqizi abakhulu be-meta cresol emhlabeni wonke, namandla okukhiqiza womabili afinyelela amathani angu-20000 ngonyaka. Lezi zinkampani ezimbili zisesikhundleni esiphambili embonini ngokwenqubo yokukhiqiza i-meta cresol, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi, nokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe.

Ngokuphambene, inani lamabhizinisi okukhiqiza i-cresol e-China lincane uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi umthamo wokukhiqiza uwonke mancane uma kuqhathaniswa. Njengamanje, amabhizinisi amakhulu aseShayina akhiqiza i-cresol ahlanganisa i-Haihua Technology, i-Dongying Haiyuan, ne-Anhui Shilian, amandla awo okukhiqiza afinyelela cishe ku-20% womthamo wokukhiqiza we-cresol emhlabeni jikelele. Phakathi kwazo, i-Haihua Technology ingumkhiqizi omkhulu we-meta cresol e-China, enekhono lokukhiqiza laminyaka yonke lamathani angaba ngu-8000. Kodwa-ke, umthamo wangempela wokukhiqiza uyashintshashintsha ngenxa yezinto ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokuhlinzekwa kwempahla eluhlaza kanye nesidingo semakethe.

4,Isimo sokuhlinzeka nesidingo kanye nokuncika kwamanye amazwe

Isimo sokuhlinzekwa nesidingo semakethe ye-cresol e-China sibonisa ukuguquguquka okuthile. Yize ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya kwe-cresol kuye kwagcina ukukhula okuzinzile eminyakeni yamuva nje, kusekhona igebe elikhulu lokuhlinzeka ngenxa yemikhawulo yenqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nokukhula kwesidingo sezimakethe eziphansi. Ngakho-ke, i-China isadinga ukungenisa inani elikhulu le-meta cresol minyaka yonke ukuze ivale amaphutha emakethe yasekhaya.

Ngokwezibalo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-cresol eChina ngo-2023 kwakungamathani angama-7500, kanti umthamo wokungenisa wafinyelela cishe amathani angama-225. Ikakhulukazi ngo-2022, ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwamanani ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokukhula kwesidingo sasekhaya, umthamo wokungenisa we-cresol ovela e-China weqa amathani angu-2000. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi imakethe ye-cresol e-China ithembele kakhulu ezinsizeni ezingenisiwe.

5,Izitayela zentengo yemakethe kanye nezici ezinomthelela

Intengo yemakethe ye-meta cresol ithonywa yizici ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa amathrendi entengo yemakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, izimo zokuhlinzekwa kwasekhaya kanye nesidingo, izindleko zenqubo yokukhiqiza, nezinqubomgomo zokuhweba zamazwe ngamazwe. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, intengo yemakethe iyonke ye-meta cresol ibonise ukuguquguquka okunyukayo. Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lake lafinyelela ku-27500 yuan/ton, kuyilapho inani eliphansi lehla laya ku-16400 yuan/ton.

Intengo yemakethe yamazwe ngamazwe inomthelela omkhulu enanini lasekhaya le-cresol. Ngenxa yegebe elibalulekile lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla emakethe ye-cresol phakathi kwe-China, izintengo zokungenisa zivame ukuba yisici esinqumayo emananini asekhaya. Kodwa-ke, ngokukhula komkhiqizo wasekhaya kanye nokwenza ngcono uchungechunge lwezimboni, ukubusa kwamanani asekhaya kuyabuya kancane kancane. Khonamanjalo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza ekhaya kanye nokulawulwa kwezindleko nakho kunomthelela omuhle emananini emakethe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqaliswa kwezinqubomgomo ezimelene nokulahlwa nakho kunomthelela othile entengweni yemakethe ye-meta cresol. Isibonelo, i-China iqale uphenyo olumelene nokulahlwa kwe-meta cresol engenisiwe evela e-United States, e-European Union, nase-Japan, okwenza kube nzima ngemikhiqizo ye-meta cresol evela kulawa mazwe ukuthi ingene emakethe yaseShayina, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte iphethini yokuhlinzeka nesidingo. kanye nokuthambekela kwamanani emakethe ye-meta cresol yomhlaba wonke.

6,Abashayeli bemakethe ephansi kanye namandla okukhula

Njengengxenye ebalulekile embonini yamakhemikhali emihle, i-meta cresol inohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezansi nomfula. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokukhula okusheshayo kwezimakethe eziphansi ze-menthol nezibulala-zinambuzane, isidingo semakethe se-meta cresol siphinde sakhombisa ukukhula okuqhubekayo.

I-Menthol, njengesithako esibalulekile se-spice, inezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo embonini yamakhemikhali yansuku zonke. Ngokuphishekela kwabantu izinga lempilo kanye nokwanda okuqhubekayo kwemakethe yemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali yansuku zonke, isidingo se-menthol siyanda. Njengenye yezinto ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza i-menthol, isidingo semakethe se-m-cresol sinyukile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imboni yezibulala-zinambuzane nayo ingenye yezindawo ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa kwe-meta cresol. Ngokuthuthukiswa kokuqwashisa ngemvelo kanye nokulungiswa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezibulala-zinambuzane, isidingo semikhiqizo yezibulala-zinambuzane esebenzayo, ephansi, kanye nemvelo enobungani ikhula njalo. Njengempahla ebalulekile yokukhiqiza izibulala-zinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, isidingo semakethe se-meta cresol sizoqhubeka nokukhula.

Ngaphezu kwezimboni ze-menthol nezibulala-zinambuzane, i-m-cresol iphinde ibe nezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza ku-VE nakweminye imikhakha. Ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwale mikhakha nakho kunikeza amathuba okukhula okubanzi emakethe ye-meta cresol.

7,Umbono wekusasa neziphakamiso

Uma sibheka phambili, imakethe yaseChina ye-cresol ibhekene namathuba amaningi kanye nezinselelo. Ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza zasekhaya kanye nokwanda okuqhubekayo kwezimakethe ezingezansi, amandla okukhula embonini ye-meta cresol aya ngokuya agqama. Nakuba ibhekene nezinselelo, imboni ye-cresol e-China nayo inamathuba abanzi entuthuko. Ngokwandisa ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe, ukwandisa izimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe, ukuqinisa ukubambisana namabhizinisi aphansi, kanye nokuthola ukusekelwa kukahulumeni, imboni ye-cresol yaseChina kulindeleke ukuthi izuze intuthuko ezinzile neqhubekayo esikhathini esizayo.