I-Vinyl Acetate (VAF), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Vinyl Acetate noma i-Vinyl Acetate, iwuketshezi olungenamibala emivuleni ejwayelekile nengcindezelo, ngefolekyuli yefolekyuli ye-C4H6O2 kanye nesisindo esilinganayo se-86.9. VAF, njengenye yezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziswayo zomhlaba emhlabeni, zingakhiqiza ama-desivatives afana ne-polyvinyl acetate resin (PVAC), i-polyvinyl alcohonitrile (PVA), nePan) nge-polymerization (POPOLYERMERIONS NEZINYE IZIMBALI. Lezi zinto zokutholwa zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni, izindwangu, imishini, umuthi, kanye nabanikazi benhlabathi. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo komkhakha we-terminal eminyakeni yamuva, ukukhiqizwa kweVinyl Acetate kukhombisile ukuthambekela konyaka ophambili ngonyaka, ngokukhiqizwa okuphelele kweVinyl Acetate efinyelela ngo-1970kt ngo-2018. Okwamanje, ngenxa yethonya lezinto zokwakha futhi Izinqubo, izindlela zokukhiqiza ze-vinyl acetate ikakhulukazi zifaka indlela ye-acetylene nendlela ye-ethylene.
Inqubo eyi-1, ye-acetylene
Ngo-1912, F. Klatte, iCanada, i-Acetate yokuqala ithola i-acetate esebenzisa ngokweqile i-acetylene ne-acetic ngaphansi kwengcindezi yasemkhathini, emazingeni okushisa asukela ku-60 kuye ku-100 ℃, futhi asebenzisa usawoti we-mercury njengama-catalysts. Ngo-1921, inkampani yaseGerman CEI yakha ubuchwepheshe bokuqala kwesigaba se-vapor se-vinyl acetate kusuka acetylene nase-acetic acid. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abacwaningi abavela emazweni ahlukahlukene baye balungisa ngokuqhubekayo inqubo nemibandela yokuhlanganiswa kweVinyl Acetate kusuka ku-acetylene. Ngo-1928, inkampani yaseJalimane yaseJalimane yasungula uphiko oluyi-12 kt / i-Vinyl Acetate Production Unit, ibona ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwezimboni ze-vinyl acetate. I-equation yokukhiqiza i-vinyl acetate yindlela ye-acetylene imi ngalendlela elandelayo:
Ukuphendula Okusemqoka:

Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo:

Indlela ye-acetylene ihlukaniswe ngezindlela zesigaba se-liquid kanye nendlela yesigaba segesi.
Isigaba esisebenzayo sesigaba se-acetylene liquid indlela indlela ye-acetylene liwuketshezi, futhi i-reactoror ithangi lokuphendula elinedivayisi evusa amadlingozi. Ngenxa yokushiyeka kwendlela yesigaba se-liquid enjengokukhetha okuphansi nemikhiqizo eminingi, le ndlela ithathelwe indawo yi-acetylene igesi yesigaba samanje.
Ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukene yokulungiselela igesi ye-acetylene, indlela yesigaba segesi ye-acetylene ingahlukaniswa ngendlela yemvelo ye-acetylene borden indlela kanye ne-carbide acetylene wacker Wacker.
Inqubo yeBorden isebenzisa i-acetic acid njenge-adsorbent, ethuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokusetshenziswa kwe-acetylene. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela yenqubo inzima kwezobuchwepheshe futhi idinga izindleko eziphakeme, ngakho-ke le ndlela ithatha inzuzo ezindaweni ezinothile ngezinsizakusebenza zegesi yemvelo.
Inqubo ye-Wacker isebenzisa i-acetylene nase-acetic acid ekhiqizwa kusuka ku-calcium carbide njengezinto zokwakha ezivuthiwe, ukusebenzisa i-carbonk esebenza nge-carbon ne-zincinize esebenzayo, ukuvumelanisa i-VAH ngaphansi kwengcindezi ye-150 ~ 230 ℃. Ubuchwepheshe bezinqubo bulula futhi bunezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza, kepha kukhona ukushiyeka okufana nokulahleka okulula kwezinto ezisebenzayo ze-catalyst, ukuzinza okungekuhle, ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwamandla, nokungcoliswa okuphezulu.
2, inqubo ye-ethylene
I-Ethylene, umoya-mpilo, kanye ne-glacial acetic acid yizinto ezintathu ezingavuthiwe ezisetshenziswa ku-ethylene synthesis yenqubo ye-vinyl acetate. Ingxenye esemqoka ye-Catalyst ngokuvamile i-Eight Group Group Metal Element, ephendulwa endaweni yokushisa ethile yokuphendula nengcindezi. Ngemuva kokucutshungulwa okulandelayo, i-acetate yomkhiqizo wethagethi i-Vinyl acetate ekugcineni iyatholakala. I-equation yokuphendula imi kanje:
Ukuphendula Okusemqoka:

Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo:

Inqubo ye-Ethylene Vapor yasungulwa okokuqala yiBayer Corporation futhi yafakwa ekukhiqizeni kwezimboni ukuze kukhiqizwe i-Vinyl Acetate ngo-1968. Kusungulwe imigqa yokukhiqiza eBearest kanye ne-Bayer Corporation e-United States, ngokulandelana. Kungumthwalo we-palladium noma igolide elithwele izisekelo ezimelana ne-acid, ezinjenge-silica gel ubuhlalu nge-4-5mm, kanye nokufakwa kwenani elithile le-potanganum acetate, okungathuthukisa umsebenzi kanye nokukhetha kwe-catalyst. Inqubo yokuhlanganiswa kweVinyl Acetate isebenzisa indlela yesigaba sase-Ethylene Vapor U-USI Indlela ifana nendlela yeBayer, futhi ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokufakwa. Inqubo ye-USI ithole isicelo sezezimboni ngo-1969. Izingxenye ezisebenzayo ze-callalidest ikakhulukazi ikakhulukazi i-palladium neplatinamu, kanye ne-ejenti elisizayo i-potassium acetate, okusekelwa kumthwali we-alumina. Izimo zokuphendula zimnene futhi i-catalyst inempilo yenkonzo ende, kepha isivuno sesikhathi sesikhala siphansi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela ye-acetylene, indlela yesigaba se-ethylene yathuthuka ithuthuke kakhulu kubuchwepheshe, futhi ama-catalysts asetshenziswa ngendlela ye-ethylene athuthukile ngokuqhubekayo emsebenzini kanye nokukhetha. Kodwa-ke, ama-kinetics okusabela kanye nendlela yokwenza usebenze kusadingeka ahlolwe.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-vinyl acetate kusetshenziswa indlela ye-ethylene isebenzisa i-publed embhedeni yokudlalwa kombhede egcwele i-catalyst. Igesi yokuphakelayo ingena kwi-Reactor kusuka phezulu, futhi lapho ithinta umbhede omkhulu we-catalyst, ukusabela kwe-catalytic kwenzeka ukukhiqiza i-acetate yomkhiqizo wethagethi ye-vinyl acetate kanye nenani elincane le-carbon dioxide. Ngenxa yemvelo ephakeme yokusabela, amanzi acindezelwe angeniswa ohlangothini lwe-Jeweler lwe-reactoror ukuze asuse ukushisa kokuphendula ngokusebenzisa i-vaporrization yamanzi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela ye-acetylene, indlela ye-ethylene inezici zesakhiwo sedivayisi ecwebezelayo, okukhishwa okukhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, kanye nokungcoliswa okuphansi, kanye nezindleko zomkhiqizo wayo kuphansi kunaleyo ye-acetylene indlela. Ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo iphakeme, futhi isimo sokugqwala asikubi. Ngakho-ke, indlela ye-ethylene kancane kancane yathatha indawo ye-acetylene ngemuva kweminyaka yama-1970. Ngokusho kwezibalo ezingaphelele, cishe ama-70% we-VAC akhiqizwa yindlela ye-ethylene emhlabeni asephenduke izindlela ezikhiqizwayo zezindlela zokukhiqiza ze-VAC.
Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe obuphambili kakhulu be-VAC Production Technology emhlabeni inqubo ye-BP ye-BP ye-BP kanye nenqubo yeCelane's Vaphantage. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesigaba sesigaba sombhede se-ethylene e-ethylene ethylene, lobu buchwepheshe benqubo emibili buthuthukise kakhulu i-Reacceror ne-Callyst emgogodleni weyunithi, ngcono ezomnotho nokuphepha kokusebenza kweyunithi kanye nokuphepha kokusebenza kweyunithi kanye nokuphepha kokusebenza kweyunithi.
UCelanese usungule inqubo entsha yokulala ebunjiwe ukubhekana nezinkinga zokusatshalaliswa kombhede ongalingani I-Reactor esetshenziswe kule nqubo isengumbhede ohleliwe, kepha ukuthuthuka okukhulu kwenziwe ohlelweni lweCatalyst, futhi amadivaysi okuthola kabusha e-Ethylene angezelwe kugesi yomsila, enqoba ukushiyeka kwezinqubo zombhede wendabuko. Isivuno somkhiqizo we-vinyl acetate siphakeme kakhulu kunalokho kwamadivayisi afanayo. Inqubo Catalyst isebenzisa iplatinamu njengengxenye eyinhloko esebenzayo, i-Silica Gel njenge-cartalyst carrier, i-sodium citrate njenge-ejenti eyengeziwe, nezinye izinsimbi ezishukumisayo njenge-Lanthanide Earth Elements enjenge-PrafeDodymium neNeodmium. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-catalysts endabuko, ukukhetha, umsebenzi, kanye nesivuno sesikhathi se-catalyst kuthuthukile.
I-BP Amoco isungule umbhede wombhede oshibhile we-ethylene ethsylene ethsylene, eyaziwa nangokuthi inqubo yenqubo ye-LEAP, futhi yakha iyunithi ye-250 kt / uketshezi e-Hull, eNgilandi. Kusetshenziswa le nqubo ukukhiqiza i-vinyl acetate kunganciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza nge-30%, futhi isivuno sesikhala se-catalyst (1858-2744 g / (l · h744 g / (l · h744 g / (l · h744 g / (l · h744 g / (l · h744 g / (l · h744 g / (l · h744 g / (l · h744 g / 700 -1200 g / (l · HH-1)).
Inqubo ye-LeapProcess isebenzisa i-fluidized embhedeni reactionor okokuqala, okuyizinzuzo ezilandelayo uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Reactor ehleliwe yokuhlaziya:
1) Ku-purmer embhedeni eflifizelwe, i-catalyst ixubene ngokuqhubekayo, ixubene ngokufana, ngaleyo ndlela inomthelela ekuguqukeni komfaniswano womgqugquzeli kanye nokuqinisekisa ukugcwaliseka okufanayo komgqugquzeli ku-reactoror.
2) I-fluidized embhedeni reactionor ingaqhubeka nokungena esikhundleni se-catalyst esenziwe nge-catalyst entsha ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza.
3) Izinga lokushisa lombhede elicwebezelwe lihlala, linciphisa amandla e-catalyst ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile kwasendaweni, ngaleyo ndlela nandida impilo yenkonzo ye-catalyst.
4) Indlela yokususa ukushisa esetshenziswe ku-fluidized embhedeni reactiotor yenza lula ukwakheka kwe-reactor futhi yehlise ivolumu yayo. Ngamanye amagama, ukuklanywa okukodwa kwe-reactor kungasetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwamakhemikhali amakhulu, ngcono kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwensiza.