Isimo somhlaba sishintsha ngokushesha, sithinta isakhiwo sendawo yamakhemikhali esakhiwe ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule. Njengemakethe yabathengi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, iChina kancane kancane yenza umsebenzi obalulekile wokuguqula amakhemikhali. Imboni yamakhemikhali yaseYurophu iyaqhubeka nokuthuthukela embonini yamakhemikhali esezingeni eliphezulu. Imboni yamakhemikhali yaseNyakatho Melika iqala "ukuphikisana nembulunga yonke" yokuhweba ngamakhemikhali. Imboni yamakhemikhali eMpumalanga Ephakathi naseMpumalanga Yurophu kancane kancane yandisa uchungechunge lwezimboni, ithuthukisa amandla okusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nokuncintisana komhlaba wonke. Imboni yamakhemikhali emhlabeni wonke isebenzisa izinzuzo zayo ukusheshisa ukuthuthuka kwayo, futhi iphethini yemboni yamakhemikhali yomhlaba wonke ingase ishintshe kakhulu esikhathini esizayo.
Ukuthambekela kokuthuthuka komkhakha wamakhemikhali womhlaba kufinyezwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
Indlela “yekhabhoni ephindwe kabili” ingase iguqule ukuma kwesu lamabhizinisi amaningi e-petrochemical
Amazwe amaningi emhlabeni amemezele ukuthi "ikhabhoni ephindwe kabili" i-China izofinyelela inani eliphakeme ku-2030 futhi ingabi ne-carbon neutral ngo-2060. Nakuba isimo samanje "se-carbon dual" silinganiselwe, ngokuvamile, "i-carbon dual" iseyisilinganiso somhlaba wonke. ukubhekana nokufudumala kwesimo sezulu.
Njengoba imboni ye-petrochemical ibala ingxenye enkulu yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni, iyimboni edinga ukwenza izinguquko ezinkulu ngaphansi kokuthambekela kwekhabhoni embaxambili. Ukulungiswa kwamasu kwamabhizinisi e-petrochemical ekuphenduleni inkambiso yekhabhoni ekabili bekulokhu kugxile embonini.
Ngaphansi komkhuba wekhabhoni embaxambili, indlela yokulungisa amasu yeziqhwaga zikawoyela zamazwe ngamazwe ase-Europe naseMelika ziyefana. Phakathi kwazo, iziqhwaga zikawoyela zaseMelika zizogxila ekuthuthukisweni kokubanjwa kwekhabhoni kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlobene bokuvalwa kwekhabhoni, futhi kuthuthukiswe ngamandla amandla e-biomass. Izikhondlakhondla zikawoyela zaseYurophu kanye nezinye zamazwe ngamazwe seziguqule ukugxila kwazo kumandla avuselelekayo, ugesi ohlanzekile nezinye izinkomba.
Ngokuzayo, ngaphansi komkhuba wokuthuthukiswa jikelele "we-dual carbon", imboni yamakhemikhali yomhlaba wonke ingase ibe nezinguquko ezinkulu. Ezinye izikhondlakhondla zikawoyela zamazwe ngamazwe zingase ziguquke zisuka kubahlinzeki besevisi kawoyela bangempela ziye kubanikezeli besevisi yamandla amasha, zishintshe ukuma kwebhizinisi kwekhulunyaka eledlule.
Amabhizinisi amakhemikhali omhlaba azoqhubeka nokusheshisa ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo
Ngokuthuthuka kwemboni yomhlaba wonke, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa okulethwe imakethe yokugcina kukhuthaze imakethe yamakhemikhali esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nomzuliswano omusha wokulungisa nokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo semboni yamakhemikhali yomhlaba wonke.
Ngokuqondisa kokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo sezimboni emhlabeni wonke, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla e-biomass namandla amasha; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinto ezintsha, izinto ezisebenzayo, amakhemikhali e-electronic, izinto zefilimu, ama-catalyst amasha, njll. Ngaphansi kobuholi be-international petrochemical giants, ukuqondiswa kokuthuthukiswa kwalezi zimboni zamakhemikhali zomhlaba kuzogxila ezintweni ezintsha, isayensi yokuphila kanye nesayensi yezemvelo.
Ukukhanya kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kuletha ukuguqulwa komhlaba wonke kwesakhiwo somkhiqizo wamakhemikhali
Ngokukhula kokutholakala kukawoyela we-shale e-United States, i-United States isishintshile isuka ekubeni ngumthengi wokuqala kawoyela ongahluziwe wathenga kwamanye amazwe yaya ekubeni engumkhiqizi wamanje kawoyela ongahluziwe, okungagcinanga ngokuletha izinguquko ezinkulu ekwakhekeni kwamandla e-United States, kodwa futhi kube nomthelela omkhulu ohlelweni lwamandla omhlaba. Uwoyela we-shale wase-US uwuhlobo lukawoyela ongahluziwe, futhi ukwanda kukawoyela we-shale wase-US ngokufanayo kwandisa ukunikezwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe.
Kodwa-ke, mayelana neChina, iChina ingumthengi womhlaba wonke kawoyela ongahluziwe. Amaphrojekthi amaningi wokucwenga uwoyela kanye nokuhlanganisa amakhemikhali asakhiwayo asekelwe ngokugcwelei-distillation range ukucutshungulwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe, okungadingi uwoyela ongahluziwe nje kuphela kodwa nowoyela ongahluziwe osindayo.

Ngokombono wokuhlinzekwa kwezidingo kanye nesidingo, kulindeleke ukuthi umehluko wentengo yomhlaba wonke phakathi kukawoyela ongahluziwe olula kanye nosindayo uzoncipha kancane kancane, okulethe imithelela elandelayo embonini yamakhemikhali yomhlaba wonke:
Okokuqala nje, ukuncishiswa kwe-arbitrage phakathi kukawoyela ongahluziwe nosindayo ngenxa yokuncishiswa komehluko wentengo kawoyela phakathi kukawoyela ongahluziwe okhanyayo nosindayo kuthinte ukuqagela ngentengo kawoyela njengemodeli yebhizinisi eyinhloko, ehambisana nokusebenza okuzinzile. wemakethe kawoyela ongahluziwe emhlabeni wonke.
Okwesibili, ngokwanda kokutholakala kukawoyela omncane kanye nokwehla kwentengo, kulindeleke ukuthi kukhuphule ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela omncane emhlabeni wonke futhi kukhuphule izinga lokukhiqizwa kwe-naphtha. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kokuthambekela kokuphakelayo kokuqhekeka kokukhanya komhlaba wonke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-naphtha kulindeleke ukuthi kwehle, okungaholela ekwenyukeni kokungqubuzana phakathi kokunikezwa kwe-naphtha nokusetshenziswa, ngaleyo ndlela kwehlise inani elilindelwe le-naphtha.
Okwesithathu, ukukhula kokutholakala kukawoyela okhanyayo kuzonciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo esindayo ezansi nomfula kusetshenziswa uhla oluphelele lwe-petroleum njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, njengemikhiqizo enamakha, uwoyela wedizili, i-petroleum coke, njll. Lo mkhuba wokuthuthuka nawo uhambisana nokulindelwe ukuthi ukuqhekeka okuncane I-feedstock izoholela ekwehlisweni kwemikhiqizo ye-aromatics, okungase kwenyuse isimo semakethe sokuqagela semikhiqizo ehlobene.
Okwesine, ukuncishiswa komehluko wentengo kawoyela phakathi kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezilula nezisindayo kungase kwenyuse izindleko zempahla yebhizinisi elididiyelwe lokucwenga, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukulindela inzuzo yamaphrojekthi ahlanganisiwe wokucwenga. Ngaphansi kwalo mkhuba, uzophinde ukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwezinga elicolisisiwe lezinkampani zokucwenga ezididiyelwe.
Imboni yamakhemikhali yomhlaba wonke ingase ikhuthaze ukuhlanganiswa nokutholwa okwengeziwe
Ngaphansi kwesizinda “sekhabhoni ephindwe kabili”, “uguquko lwesakhiwo samandla” kanye “ne-anti globalization”, indawo yokuncintisana yama-SME izoba nzima kakhulu, futhi ukonakala kwawo okufana nesikali, izindleko, imali enkulu, ubuchwepheshe kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu. Ama-SME.
Ngokuphambene, ama-international petrochemical giants aqhuba ukuhlanganiswa kwebhizinisi okuphelele kanye nokwenza kahle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bazoqeda kancane kancane ibhizinisi le-petrochemical elivamile elisetshenziswa kakhulu amandla, inani eliphansi elingeziwe kanye nokungcola okuphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuze kuzuzwe ukugxila kwebhizinisi lomhlaba wonke, ama-petrochemical giants azonaka kakhulu ukuhlanganiswa nokuthengwa. Isilinganiso sokusebenza kanye nenani le-M&A kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha kuyisisekelo esibalulekile sokuhlola umjikelezo wemboni yamakhemikhali yasendaweni. Yebo, mayelana nezomnotho ezisafufusa, zisathatha ukuzakhela njengemodeli eyinhloko yokuzithuthukisa futhi zithole ukwanda okusheshayo nokukhulu ngokufuna izimali.
Kulindeleke ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwemboni yamakhemikhali kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha kuzogxila kakhulu emazweni athuthukile njenge-Europe ne-United States, futhi amazwe athuthukayo amelwe yiChina angase abambe iqhaza ngokusesilinganisweni.
Indlela yesu yesikhathi esimaphakathi neyesikhathi eside yama-chemical giants ingase igxile kakhulu esikhathini esizayo
Kuyisu elilandelanayo lokulandela isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwamakhemikhali omhlaba, kodwa linokubaluleka okuthile okuyizithenjwa.
Kuzo zonke izinyathelo ezithathwe ama-giants petrochemical, abaningi babo baqala emkhakheni othile wochwepheshe, base beqala ukusabalala futhi banda. Umqondo wokuthuthuka usuwonke unokuphindaphindeka okuthile, ukuhlangana kokwehlukana ukuhlangana kabusha kwehlukana… Njengamanje nangesikhathi esizayo, imidondoshiya ingase ibe kumjikelezo wokuhlangana, inamagatsha amaningi, imifelandawonye enamandla kanye nendlela yamasu egxile kakhulu. Isibonelo, i-BASF izoba isiqondiso esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwamasu ekugqokeni, ama-catalyst, izinto ezisebenzayo kanye neminye imikhakha, futhi u-Huntsman uzoqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi lakhe le-polyurethane esikhathini esizayo.