1,Ukuqalisa

Ensimini yamakhemikhali,ipheshelweshiIkhompiyutha ebalulekile esetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nomuthi, ezolimo kanye nemboni. Ngochwepheshe bamakhemikhali, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-phenols. Kodwa-ke, kochwepheshe abangewona ochwepheshe, ukuqonda impendulo yalo mbuzo kungabasiza ukuba baqonde kangcono izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ze-phenol.

2,Izinhlobo eziphambili ze-phenol

1. I-Monophenol: Le yindlela elula kunazo zonke ye-phenol, enendandatho eyodwa ye-benzene neqembu elilodwa le-hydroxyl. IMonophenol ingabonisa izakhiwo ezahlukene ngokuya nge-substituent.

2. I-Polyphenol: Lolu hlobo lwe-phenol luqukethe izindandatho eziningi ze-benzene. Isibonelo, bobabili iBisphenol ne-Triphenol ngama-polyphenols ajwayelekile. Lezi zinhlanganisela zivame ukuba nezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi zamakhemikhali nezinhlelo zokusebenza.

I-3. I-Pherol efakwe esikhundleni: kulolu hlobo lwe-phenol, iqembu le-hydroxyl lithathelwa indawo amanye ama-athomu noma ama-athomu. Isibonelo, i-chlorophenol, i-nitrofenol, njll. Izikhathi ezijwayelekile ezifakiwe. Lezi zinhlaka zivame ukuba nezinto ezikhethekile zamakhemikhali kanye nezicelo.

I-4. I-Polyphenol: Lolu hlobo lwe-phenol lwakhiwa ngamayunithi amaningi we-phenol axhumeke ndawonye ngamabhondi zamakhemikhali. I-Polyphenol ngokujwayelekile inezakhiwo ezikhethekile zomzimba kanye nokuqina kwamakhemikhali.

3,Ubungako bezinhlobo ze-phenol

Ukuze uqonde, umbuzo wokuthi zingaki izinhlobo zezinhlobo zama-phenols kukhona umbuzo ongaphenduleki, njengoba izindlela ezintsha ze-synthesis zitholakala njalo futhi izinhlobo ezintsha ze-phenols zihlala zihlanganiswa. Kodwa-ke, ngezinhlobo ezaziwa njengamanje zama-phenols, singazihlukanisa bese siziqamba igama ngokuya ngesakhiwo nezakhiwo zazo.

4,Ukugcina

Sekukonke, ayikho impendulo eqondile yombuzo wokuthi zingaki izinhlobo zezikhathi ezikhona. Kodwa-ke, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa ama-Phenol zibe izinhlobo ezahlukene ezisuselwa esakhiweni nasezakhiweni zazo, njenge-monophenols, ama-polyphenols, ama-phenols abuyiselwe esikhundleni. Lezi zinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-Phenols zinezakhiwo ezihlukile zomzimba nangamakhemikhali futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nomuthi, ezolimo kanye nemboni.