Ngo-2022, umthamo wokukhiqiza i-ethylene waseChina ufinyelele amathani ayizigidi ezingu-49.33, udlule i-United States, waba umkhiqizi omkhulu we-ethylene emhlabeni, i-ethylene ibhekwa njengenkomba eyinhloko yokunquma izinga lokukhiqiza embonini yamakhemikhali. Kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2025, amandla okukhiqiza i-ethylene eChina adlule amathani ayizigidi ezingama-70, azohlangabezana nesidingo sasekhaya, noma ngisho nensalela.

Imboni ye-ethylene iwumgogodla wemboni ye-petrochemical, futhi imikhiqizo yayo yenza ngaphezu kwama-75% wemikhiqizo ye-petrochemical futhi ithatha isikhundla esibalulekile emnothweni wezwe.

I-Ethylene, i-propylene, i-butadiene, i-acetylene, i-benzene, i-toluene, i-xylene, i-ethylene oxide, i-ethylene glycol, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zokukhiqiza ze-ethylene ezikhiqizwa amabhizinisi amakhulu okucwenga okuhlanganisiwe namakhemikhali ziphansi kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhizinisi okucwenga esikalini esifanayo, inani elengeziwe lemikhiqizo yokucwenga okudidiyelwe kanye namabhizinisi amakhemikhali lingakhuphuka ngo-25% futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kungancishiswa cishe ngo-15%.

I-Polycarbonate, isihlukanisi sebhethri ye-lithium, i-photovoltaic EVA (i-ethylene - i-vinyl acetate copolymer) ingenziwa kusuka ku-ethylene, i-alpha olefin, i-POE (i-polyolefin elastomer), i-carbonate, i-DMC (i-dimethyl carbonate), i-ultra-high isisindo samangqamuzana e-polyethylene (UHMWPE) neminye imikhiqizo emisha yezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngokwezibalo, kunezinhlobo ezingu-18 zemikhiqizo ye-ethylene eya phansi ehlobene namandla amasha, izinto ezintsha kanye nezinye izimboni ezinomoya. Ngenxa yokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezimboni zamandla amasha nezimboni ezintsha njengezimoto zamandla amasha, ama-photovoltaic nama-semiconductors, isidingo semikhiqizo emisha yezinto ezibonakalayo siyanda.

I-ethylene, njengomnyombo wemboni ye-petrochemical, ingase ibe ngaphezulu, okuphawula imboni ye-petrochemical ebhekene nokuhlelwa kabusha kanye nokwehlukaniswa. Akuwona kuphela amabhizinisi ancintisanayo aqeda amabhizinisi asemuva, amandla athuthukile aqeda amandla okubuyela emuva, kodwa futhi nokufa nokuzalwa kabusha kwamabhizinisi ahamba phambili e-ethylene yengxenye yochungechunge lwezimboni ezansi nomfula.

Izinkampani eziyinhloko zingahle zishintshe

I-ethylene ingase ibe yinsada, okuphoqelela ukucwenga okuhlanganisiwe namayunithi amakhemikhali ukuthi aqhubeke engezela iketango, anwebe iketango futhi aqinise iketango ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuncintisana kweyunithi. Kusukela kuwoyela ongahluziwe, kuyadingeka ukwakha inzuzo yezinto ezingavuthiwe zokuhlanganiswa. Inqobo nje uma kukhona amathemba emakethe noma imikhiqizo enamandla emakethe ethile, kuzodwetshwa umugqa, okubuye kusheshise ukuqedwa kwabawinile nabahluliwe kuyo yonke imboni yamakhemikhali. Ukukhiqizwa kanye nephethini yemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali eyinqwaba kanye nemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali emihle kuzoletha izinguquko. Izinhlobo zokukhiqiza nezikali zizogxila kakhulu, futhi inani lamabhizinisi lizokwehla kancane kancane.

Izimpahla zokuxhumana, omakhalekhukhwini, izinto ezigqokekayo nezinye izinto zikagesi ezithengwayo, ubuhlakani bezimoto, izinkambu zezobunhloli zasendlini zithuthuka ngokushesha, okuqhubeza ukukhula okusheshayo kwesidingo sezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali. Lezi zinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali kanye namabhizinisi ahamba phambili e-monomer anomkhuba wokukhula azovela ngokushesha, njengamandla amasha ayi-18 kanye nemikhiqizo emisha yezinto ezibonakalayo ezansi nomfula i-ethylene.

U-Fan Hongwei, usihlalo we-Hengli Petrochemicals, uthe ukugcinwa kwezinzuzo eziqinile zokuncintisana nokuthola amaphuzu enzuzo engeziwe ohlakeni lwawo wonke umsebenzi we-industrial chain kuyinkinga okufanele kugxilwe kuyo. Kufanele sidlale ngokugcwele ezinzuzweni zochungechunge lwemboni ekhuphuka nomfula, sinwebe futhi sijulise uchungechunge lwemboni ezungeze imikhiqizo engaphansi komfula ukuze sakhe izinzuzo ezintsha ezincintisanayo, futhi silwele ukuphromotha ukunwetshwa okuqhubekayo kwemikhiqizo ewela phansi ukuze sakhe uchungechunge oluhle lwemboni yamakhemikhali.

I-Kang Hui New Material, inkampani engaphansi kwe-Hengli Petrochemical, ingakhiqiza ifilimu yokuvikela ibhethri ye-micron engu-12 ye-lithium ku-inthanethi, i-Hengli Petrochemical ingakwazi ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ecacisiwe engu-5DFDY, futhi i-MLCC yayo yokukhishwa kwefilimu i-akhawunti ngaphezu kwe-65% yokukhiqizwa kwasekhaya.

Ukuthatha ukucwenga kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali njengenkundla yokunwebeka ngokuvundlile nangokuma mpo, sandisa futhi siqinise izindawo ze-niche futhi sakhe ukuthuthukiswa okudidiyelwe kwezindawo ze-niche. Uma inkampani ingena emakethe, ingase ingene emabhizinisini ahamba phambili. Amabhizinisi angu-18 ahamba phambili wamandla amasha nemikhiqizo emisha yezinto ezibonakalayo ezansi nomfula i-ethylene angase abhekane noshintsho lobunikazi futhi ayishiye imakethe.

Eqinisweni, ekuqaleni kuka-2017, i-Shenghong Petrochemicals yethula amathani angama-300,000 / ngonyaka we-EVA isebenzisa izinzuzo zalo lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni, ukuphela kuka-2024 kuzofaka kancane kancane ekukhiqizeni amathani engeziwe angama-750,000 we-EVA, azofakwa ekukhiqizweni ngo-2025, ngaleso sikhathi, i-Shenghong Petrochemicals emhlabeni jikelele izoba yisizinda esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Ukuhlushwa kwamakhemikhali aseChina, inani lamapaki namabhizinisi ezifundazweni ezinkulu zamakhemikhali kuzophinde kuncishiswe kancane kancane, amapaki amakhemikhali angaphezu kuka-80 eShandong azonciphisa kancane kancane abe ingxenye, iZibo, iDongying nezinye izindawo zamabhizinisi amakhemikhali agxilile azoqedwa ngesigamu. Enkampanini, awulungile, kodwa izimbangi zakho zinamandla kakhulu.

Kuya ngokuya kuba nzima “ukunciphisa uwoyela nokwandisa ikhemistri

"Ukunciphisa uwoyela kanye nokwenyuka kwamakhemikhali" sekuphenduke isiqondiso senguquko yemboni yasekhaya yokuhluza uwoyela kanye namakhemikhali. Uhlelo lwamanje lwezinguquko lwezindawo zokucwenga lukhiqiza ikakhulukazi amakhemikhali aphilayo ayisisekelo njenge-ethylene, i-propylene, i-butadiene, i-benzene, i-toluene ne-xylene. Kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kwamanje, i-ethylene ne-propylene isenayo indawo ethile yokuthuthukiswa, kuyilapho i-ethylene ingase ibe yinsalela, futhi kuyoba nzima nakakhulu "ukunciphisa amafutha nokwandisa amakhemikhali".

Okokuqala, kunzima ukukhetha amaphrojekthi nemikhiqizo. Okokuqala, isidingo semakethe namandla emakethe kuba nzima kakhulu ukukhetha imikhiqizo enobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe. Okwesibili, kunesidingo semakethe kanye nomthamo wemakethe, eminye imikhiqizo incike ngokuphelele emikhiqizweni engenisiwe, ayibambisi ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, njengezinto eziphezulu zokwenziwa kwe-synthetic resin, i-high-end synthetic fibers, i-high-end synthetic fibers kanye nama-monomers, i-carbon fiber ephezulu, amapulasitiki wobunjiniyela, amakhemikhali e-electronic ahlanzekile, njll. utshalomali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni.

Imboni yonke ukunciphisa uwoyela futhi andise amakhemikhali, futhi ekugcineni kuholele umthamo okweqile imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali. Eminyakeni yamuva, iphrojekthi yokuhlanganisa ukucwenga nokucwenga amakhemikhali ngokuyisisekelo ihlose "ukunciphisa uwoyela nokwandisa amakhemikhali", futhi amabhizinisi akhona okucwenga kanye namakhemikhali nawo athatha "ukunciphisa uwoyela nokwandisa amakhemikhali" njengesiqondiso sokuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa. Eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu eyedlule, amandla amasha amakhemikhali aseShayina acishe adlula isamba seminyaka eyishumi edlule. Yonke imboni yokucwenga “inciphisa uwoyela kanye namakhemikhali akhulayo. Ngemva kwenani eliphakeme lokwakhiwa kwamandla amakhemikhali, yonke imboni ingase ibe nensada ngezigaba noma ibe ngaphezu kwalokho. Izinto eziningi zamakhemikhali ezintsha nemikhiqizo emihle yamakhemikhali inezimakethe ezincane, futhi inqobo nje uma kusekhona ukuphumelela kwezobuchwepheshe, kuyoba khona ukuxhamazela, okuholela ekweqinisweni nasekulahlekelweni yinzuzo, ngisho nasempini yamanani amancane.