Ukuminyana kwe-n-butanol: ukuhlaziywa okujulile kanye nezici zakho ezinomthelela
Ukuminyana kwe-n-butanol kuyipharamitha ebalulekile ebonakalayo ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali, okunomthelela oqondile ekulawuleni ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo nokuphathwa kokuphepha. Leli phepha lizohlaziya ngokuningiliziwe izici eziyisisekelo ze-n-butanol, izici ezithonyayo zokuminyana kanye nokubaluleka kwazo ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo.
Izakhiwo eziyisisekelo nokuminyana kwe-n-butanol
I-n-Butanol (1-butanol) iwuketshezi olungenambala, olusobala olunephunga elidakayo, olusetshenziswa kakhulu kumapende, amapulasitiki, okokuhlanza kanye nemithi. Ifomula yamakhemikhali ye-n-butanol ithi C₄H₉OH futhi ingeyeqembu lotshwala oluyisisekelo. Ukuminyana kwe-n-butanol yisisindo sento ngevolumu yeyunithi, evamise ukuvezwa ngamagremu ku-cubic sentimitha (g/cm³) noma amakhilogremu ku-cubic meter ngayinye (kg/m³). Esimeni esijwayelekile (20°C, 1 atm), ukuminyana kwe-n-butanol cishe ku-0.81 g/cm³.
Izinto ezithinta ukuminyana kwe-n-butanol
Inani lokuminyana kwe-n-butanol alimile futhi lithintwa izinto ezimbalwa. Izinga lokushisa lingenye yezinto eziyinhloko ezithinta ukuminyana. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ukunyakaza okushisayo kwama-molecule e-n-butanol kuyathuthukiswa futhi isikhala phakathi kwama-molecule siyakhula, okuholela ekwandeni kwevolumu nokuncipha kokuminyana. Ngokuphambene nalokho, emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ukunyakaza kwamangqamuzana kuyancipha futhi ukuminyana kuyanda. Idatha yokuhlola ibonisa ukuthi ukuminyana kwe-n-butanol kwehla ngo-0.005 g/cm³ kukho konke ukwanda okungu-10°C kwezinga lokushisa.
Ukucindezela nakho kuyisici esibalulekile ekumitheni kwe-n-butanol, nakuba umphumela wayo umncane uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu, isikhala samangqamuzana siyacindezelwa futhi ukuminyana kwe-n-butanol kukhuphuka kancane. Lesi sakhiwo sibaluleke kakhulu kuma-reactors aphezulu futhi sidinga ukulawulwa kahle ukugwema amaphutha.
Ukuhlanzeka kanye nesimo sengxube nakho kungathinta kakhulu ukuminyana kwe-n-butanol. Nakuba i-n-butanol yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu inokuqina okuzinzile, ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni ngokuvamile kudingekile ukuxuba i-n-butanol nezinye izincibilikisi, futhi ukuminyana kuzohluka kuye ngesilinganiso sengxube. Ngakho-ke, ukulinganisa okunembile nokulawula ukuminyana kwe-n-butanol kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo yokukhiqiza.
Ukubaluleka kokuminyana kwe-n-butanol ezinhlelweni ezingokoqobo
Ukuqonda nokulawula ukuminyana kwe-n-butanol kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali. Ukuminyana kwe-n-butanol kungasetshenziswa njengenkomba ebalulekile yokulawula ikhwalithi. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza, ngokuqapha ushintsho lokuminyana, ukuhlanzeka kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nokuzinza kwenqubo yokusabela kungahlulelwa ngempumelelo.
Idatha yokuminyana iwumhlahlandlela wokuklama kwenqubo nokwenza kahle. Isibonelo, ohlelweni lokudluliswa kwesisindo nokushisa, ukuminyana kwe-n-butanol kuthinta uketshezi nokusebenza kahle kokudluliswa kwenqwaba, okubuye kuthinte ukwakheka kwe-reactor nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ngakho-ke, esigabeni sokuklama inqubo, umthetho oguqukayo wokuminyana kwe-n-butanol udinga ukucatshangelwa ngokugcwele ukuze kukhuliswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
Ukuminyana kwe-n-butanol nakho kuhlobene eduze nokukhiqizwa okuphephile. Enqubweni yokugcina nokuthutha, ukuguqulwa kokuminyana kungase kuthinte umthamo woketshezi, okubuye kuthinte ukukhethwa kweziqukathi zokugcina kanye nokuphepha kwenqubo yokuthutha. Ikakhulukazi endaweni umehluko omkhulu lokushisa, ushintsho kwabantu kusobala kakhudlwana, kudingeka ukunaka okukhethekile.
Isifinyezo
Ukuqonda nokulawula ukuminyana kwe-n-butanol kuyisici esibalulekile sokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali. Ngokuhlaziya kahle imiphumela yezinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, ubumsulwa nezimo zengxube kubuningi be-n-butanol, singakwazi ukuthuthukisa kangcono inqubo yokukhiqiza, sithuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo futhi siqinisekise ukukhiqizwa okuphephile. Ngakho-ke, ekusebenzeni, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo nokulawulwa kwe-n-butanol density kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe inqubo ebushelelezi.