Ukuminyana kweBenzene: Ukuhlaziywa okujulile kanye nezici zakhona ezinomthelela
I-Benzene, njengenhlanganisela evamile yezinto eziphilayo, idlala indima ebalulekile embonini yamakhemikhali. Ukuminyana kwe-benzene kungenye yezimiso ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuhlola izici zayo ezibonakalayo futhi kunomthelela omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni kobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlaziya ukuminyana kwe-benzene kanye nezici zayo ezinomthelela ngokuningiliziwe ukuze sikusize uqonde kangcono le pharamitha engukhiye.
1. Iyini ukuminyana kwebenzene?
Ukuminyana kwe-benzene kubhekisela kumthamo weyunithi ngayinye ye-benzene ezingeni lokushisa elithile kanye nokucindezela. Ngokuvamile, ukuminyana kwe-benzene cishe ku-0.8765 g/cm³ ku-20°C (izinga lokushisa legumbi). Leli nani lisho ukuthi i-benzene ilula uma isesimweni esiwuketshezi, okungesinye sezizathu ezenza isetshenziswe kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izimboni kanye nocwaningo lwaselabhorethri. Ukunqunywa okunembile kokuminyana kubalulekile ekubalweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuklama nokusebenza ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali.
2. Umthelela wezinga lokushisa kubuningi bebenzene
Izinga lokushisa lingenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezithinta ukuminyana kwe-benzene. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ukuhlukana kwamangqamuzana e-benzene kuyanda, okuholela ekwehleni kokuminyana. Isibonelo, ukuminyana kwe-benzene kuncipha kakhulu ezimweni ezingaphezu kwegumbi lokushisa, okudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ezinkambisweni zokushisa okuphezulu. Ngokuphambene, lapho izinga lokushisa lincipha, ukuminyana kwe-benzene kuyanda ngokufanele. Ngakho-ke, lapho uklama izinqubo zamakhemikhali ezibandakanya i-benzene, umphumela wokushisa ku-benzene kufanele ucatshangelwe ngokugcwele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokuzinza kwenqubo yokukhiqiza.
3. Umphumela wengcindezi ekushubeni kwe-benzene
Nakuba umthelela wengcindezi ekugqineni koketshezi ngokuvamile uba mncane, ukuminyana kwe-benzene kuzoshintsha ngokwezinga elithile ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ezikhethekile, njengendawo enengcindezi ephezulu. Ukwenyuka kwengcindezi kubangela ukwehla kwesikhala samangqamuzana e-benzene, okuholela ekwenyukeni okuncane kokuminyana. Umthelela wengcindezi ekumineni kwe-benzene ngokuvamile awunaki ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokusebenza kwamakhemikhali, kodwa ezinhlelweni lapho i-benzene ihlanganiswa noma igcinwe ngaphansi kokucindezela okukhulu, lesi sici sisadinga ukunakwa.
4. Ubumsulwa kanye Nokuminyana kweBenzene
Ukuhlanzeka kwe-benzene nakho kunomphumela ekuminyana kwayo. Uma i-benzene icwengekile, ukuminyana kwayo kusondele kunani lethiyori elingu-0.8765 g/cm³. Uma i-benzene iqukethe okunye ukungcola noma izincibilikisi, ukuminyana kwayo kungase kuhluke, okubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni izinqubo ezithile zamakhemikhali ezithambile. Ngakho-ke, embonini yamakhemikhali, ukugcina ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwe-benzene akusizi nje ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukunemba kwemingcele ye-density.
5. Imithelela esebenzayo ezinhlelweni zokusebenza
Ukuqonda ukuminyana kwe-benzene nezici eziyithonya kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okungokoqobo embonini yamakhemikhali. Isibonelo, ukuminyana kuyipharamitha eyinhloko ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwama-reactor, okokusebenza kokuhlukanisa kanye nomsebenzi wamapayipi onquma izici zokugeleza koketshezi nokusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa. Idatha yokuminyana iphinde isetshenziswe kabanzi ekubalweni kwebhalansi yezinto ezibalulekile, ezibalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinqubo zokukhiqiza amakhemikhali. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda kahle ukuminyana kwe-benzene kanye nezici zayo ezithonya ezihlobene nakho kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Isiphetho
Ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kokuminyana kwe-benzene nezici zayo ezithonyayo kubonisa ukubaluleka kwale ndawo ebonakalayo ekusetshenzisweni kwamakhemikhali. Izinto ezifana nezinga lokushisa, ingcindezi kanye nokuhlanzeka konke kunomthelela ekumineni kwe-benzene, ngakho-ke empeleni, ukucabangela ngokugcwele lezi zici kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni inqubo yokukhiqiza nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ukuqonda kanye nokwenza kahle ulwazi oluhlobene nokuminyana kwe-benzene kuzonikeza usekelo oluqinile kubasebenzi bamakhemikhali emsebenzini wabo ongokoqobo.