Ukuminyana kwe-acetone: ukubukeka okujulile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo
I-acetone, njengenhlanganisela ebalulekile yezinto eziphilayo, isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini eziningi ezifana namakhemikhali, imithi kanye nezingubo zokugqoka. Kule mikhakha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda nokuphatha kahle ukuminyana kwe-acetone, njengoba ithinta ngokuqondile isilinganiso sezinto ezibonakalayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-solvent kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo nezinye izici ezibalulekile. Kuleli phepha, sizoxoxa ngomqondo oyisisekelo wokuminyana kwe-acetone, izici ezithinta kanye nezicelo ezisebenzayo.
1. Ukuminyana kwe-acetone kwemiqondo eyisisekelo
Ukuminyana kwe-acetone kubhekisela esixukwini se-acetone ngevolumu yeyunithi ngayinye, ukuminyana kwayo okujwayelekile ekamelweni lokushisa nokucindezela cishe ku-0.784 g/cm³. Ukulinganisa ukuminyana kungaphezu kwenani lenombolo elilula, kukhombisa izinga lokubumbana kwama-acetone molecule kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwesisindo sento. Ulwazi lwedatha eyisisekelo yokuminyana kwe-acetone lubalulekile ekulawuleni okunembile kwesilinganiso sokuhlushwa nokuxutshwa kwesixazululo.
2. Umphumela wezinga lokushisa kubuningi be-acetone
Izinga lokushisa liyisici esibalulekile esithinta ukuminyana kwe-acetone. Imvamisa, ukuminyana kwe-acetone kuncipha njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kuholela ekwandeni kwamabanga ama-intermolecular, okuholela ekwehleni kwenani lama-molecule ngevolumu yeyunithi kanye nokuncipha kokuminyana. Embonini yamakhemikhali, ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kubalulekile enqubweni yokukhiqiza, ngakho-ke ukuphatha okunembile kokuminyana kwe-acetone ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zokushisa kuyisisekelo sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
3. Ukuminyana kwe-acetone ngokubaluleka kwezicelo zezimboni
Ukuminyana kwe-acetone embonini ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo. Isibonelo, embonini yokugqoka, ukuminyana kuzothinta uketshezi lwepende kanye nesivinini sokumisa; embonini yezemithi, i-acetone njenge-solvent, izinguquko zokuminyana zingathinta ukuhlanzeka nokuzinza komuthi. Ukulinganisa okunembile kokuminyana kwe-acetone akufanele kunganakwa ekubalweni kwebhalansi yezinto ezibonakalayo ekukhiqizeni, ekugcinweni nasekuthuthweni. Isibonelo, lapho ugcina i-acetone, izinguquko ekuminyana zingabangela ushintsho kumthamo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukukhetha nokusetshenziswa kweziqukathi.
4. Ungalinganisa kanjani nokubala ukuminyana kwe-acetone
Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokukala ukuminyana kwe-acetone zifaka indlela ethize yebhodlela lamandla adonsela phansi, indlela ye-buoyancy kanye nendlela ye-digital densitometer. Ukukhethwa kwendlela ngayinye kuncike ekunembeni kokulinganisa okudingekayo kanye nezimo ezithile zokusebenza. Ngokuvamile, i-densitometer yedijithali ingasetshenziswa ukuthola inani elisheshayo nelinembile lokuminyana kwe-acetone, ikakhulukazi ukuqapha komugqa wokukhiqiza wesikhathi sangempela. Ukulungiswa kwengcindezi nezinga lokushisa nakho kudinga ukucatshangelwa lapho kubalwa ukuminyana kwe-acetone ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwemiphumela.
Isiphetho
Ukuminyana kwe-acetone, njengempahla yomzimba eyinhloko, akubalulekile nje ngokwethiyori kuphela, kodwa futhi kusetshenziswe kabanzi ekusebenzeni ezimbonini eziningi. Ukuqonda nokufunda kahle ukuminyana kwe-acetone kubalulekile ekwenzeni inqubo, kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuphephile. Ngakho-ke, ekusebenzeni, ngaphezu kokwazi ukubaluleka okujwayelekile kwe-acetone density, kuyadingeka futhi ukucabangela ngokugcwele umthelela wokushisa, ingcindezi nezinye izici ukuze wenze ukwahlulela okunembile nokusetshenziswa.