Ukuminyana kwe-acetic acid: imininingwane kanye nokuhlaziywa kokusetshenziswa
Embonini yamakhemikhali, i-acetic acid iyikhemikhali esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ebalulekile. Kochwepheshe abasebenza emkhakheni wamakhemikhali, ukuqonda izici ezibonakalayo ze-acetic acid, ikakhulukazi ukuminyana kwayo, kubalulekile ekwakhiweni kokuklama, ukuphathwa kwesitoreji kanye nokwenza ngcono inqubo. Kuleli phepha, sizohlaziya ukuminyana kwe-acetic ngokuningiliziwe futhi sixoxe ngomthelela nokucatshangelwa kwayo ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo.
Uhlolojikelele lwezakhiwo eziyisisekelo kanye nokuminyana kwe-acetic acid
I-acetic acid (ifomula yamakhemikhali: CH₃COOH), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-acetic acid, i-asidi ephilayo enokunambitheka okumuncu okuqinile nephunga elicasulayo. Njengento ebalulekile yamakhemikhali eluhlaza, i-acetic acid isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi efana nokudla, imithi, namakhemikhali. Ezingeni lokushisa legumbi (25°C), i-acetic acid inokuminyana okungaba ngu-1.049 g/cm³. Leli nani libonisa ukuthi i-acetic acid isinda kancane esimweni sayo soketshezi uma kuqhathaniswa namanzi (ukuminyana okungu-1 g/cm³).
Umthelela wezinga lokushisa kubuningi be-acetic acid
Ukuminyana, indawo ebalulekile ebonakalayo yento, ngokuvamile kushintsha nezinga lokushisa. Ukuminyana kwe-acetic acid nakho. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ukunyakaza okushisayo kwama-acetic acid molecule kuyaqina futhi ukuhlukana kwawo kwamangqamuzana kuyanda, okuholela ekwehleni kancane kancane kokuminyana. Isibonelo, ku-40°C ukuminyana kwe-acetic cishe ku-1.037 g/cm³, kuyilapho ku-20°C kusondele ku-1.051 g/cm³. Lesi sakhiwo sibaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somthamo onembile kanye nokulawulwa kokusabela, lapho umthelela wezinga lokushisa kubuningi be-acetic acid udinga ukucatshangelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwenqubo kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Ukubaluleka kokuminyana kwe-acetic ezisetshenziswa zezimboni
Enqubweni yokukhiqiza amakhemikhali, ukuminyana kwe-acetic acid akuthinti nje kuphela ukugcinwa kwayo nokuthutha, kodwa futhi kuhlobene ngokuqondile nesilinganiso senqubo nokusebenza komkhiqizo. Ekulungiseni izixazululo, ulwazi olunembile lokuminyana kwe-acetic acid lusiza ukunquma isilinganiso esifanele se-solute ne-solvent, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe izimo zokusabela. Ngesikhathi sokugcina nokuthutha, ukuminyana kuyipharamitha eyinhloko ekunqumeni umthamo kanye nomthamo wokuthwala weziqukathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle komnotho.
Izilinganiso namazinga wokuminyana kwe-acetic acid
Ekusebenzeni kwezimboni, ukuminyana kwe-acetic acid kuvame ukukalwa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi afana namabhodlela athile adonsela phansi, amagravimitha ohlobo lwe-float noma amashubhu densitometers adlidlizayo. Lezi zilinganiso zivumela ukuminyana kwe-acetic acid ukuthi kunqunywe ngokunembile futhi kusetshenziselwe ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye nokwenza ngcono inqubo. Izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe zokuminyana kwe-acetic acid ngokuvamile zisekelwe ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa okunembile, ngakho ukuzinza kwezinga lokushisa nakho kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile lapho kwenziwa izilinganiso.
Isifinyezo
Ukuminyana kwe-acetic acid, njengenye yezakhiwo zayo ezibonakalayo, kunomthelela omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni okuningi embonini yamakhemikhali. Ngokuqonda okujulile kanye nesilinganiso esinembile sokuminyana kwe-acetic acid, inqubo yokukhiqiza ingalawuleka kangcono, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ingathuthukiswa, futhi ukuphepha kwendawo yokugcina nokuhamba kungaqinisekiswa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usocwaningweni lwaselabhorethri noma ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni, ukuphathwa kokuminyana kwe-acetic acid kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinqubo zamakhemikhali.
Ngokuhlaziywa okungenhla, singabona ngokucacile ukuthi ukuqonda nokubamba kahle ukuminyana kwe-acetic acid akusizi nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi kunciphisa imfucuza nezindleko, ngaleyo ndlela kusizakale ukuncintisana okunamandla emakethe.