Amathuluzi okulinganisa ukuminyana: okokusebenza okubalulekile embonini yamakhemikhali
Embonini yamakhemikhali, amathuluzi okulinganisa ukuminyana angamathuluzi abalulekile okuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuzinza kwenqubo. Ukulinganisa okunembile kokuminyana kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwamakhemikhali, ukulungiswa kwempahla kanye nokulawulwa kwenqubo, okwenza ukukhetha nokusebenzisa amathuluzi okulinganisa ukuminyana kubaluleke kakhulu. Kuleli phepha, sizoxoxa ngokujulile ngezinhlobo zamathuluzi okulinganisa ukuminyana, izimiso zabo zokusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo embonini yamakhemikhali.
1. Izinhlobo zamathuluzi okulinganisa ukuminyana
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamathuluzi okulinganisa ukuminyana, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa indlela ye-buoyancy densitometer, ishubhu densitometer edlidlizayo, kanye ne-nuclear radiation densitometer nokunye. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamathuluzi okulinganisa ukuminyana zifanele izikhathi ezahlukene:

I-Buoyancy Density Meter: Kusetshenziswa isimiso sika-Archimedes, ukuminyana kubalwa ngokulinganisa ushintsho ekunyakazeni kwento ecwiliswe oketshezini. Le ndlela ilula futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ilungele izilinganiso zaselabhorethri nezensimu.
I-Vibrating Tube Densitometer: inquma ukuminyana koketshezi noma igesi ngokudlidliza ishubhu elimise okuka-U kanye nokulinganisa ukuvama kwalo. Inembe kakhulu futhi ilungele ukulawula inqubo lapho kudingeka khona ukunemba.
I-densitometer yemisebe ye-Nuclear: ukusetshenziswa kwama-isotopi akhipha imisebe ekhishwa imisebe ye-gamma ukuze kungene ikhono lezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze kutholakale ukuminyana kwayo, okuvame ukusetshenziswa esidingweni sokungathinteki kwesilinganiso sezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nezimo ezinomfutho ophezulu.

2. Isimiso sokusebenza kwamathuluzi okulinganisa ukuminyana
Umgomo wokusebenza kwamathuluzi okulinganisa ukuminyana uyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesisetshenziswa, kodwa emnyombweni wawo, kuyindlela ebonakalayo yokubala isisindo ngeyunithi ngayinye yevolumu yento. Ukuqonda isimiso sokusebenza kohlobo ngalunye lwensimbi kuzosiza ekukhetheni idivayisi efaneleke kakhulu:

Ama-densitometers endlela ye-Buoyancy akala ukuminyana ngokushintsha kwesisindo sento evamile ecwiliswe oketshezini; zilungele izilinganiso zokuminyana koketshezi olumile noma olunoketshezi oluphansi.
Ama-densitometer eshubhu adlidlizayo akala imvamisa yokudlidliza kweshubhu elimise okuka-U, njengoba imvamisa yokudlidliza ilingana nokuminyana kwento. Ezinkampanini zamakhemikhali, zisetshenziselwa ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kokuminyana koketshezi noma igesi phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-densitometer emisebe ye-nuclear, abala ukuminyana ngokungaqondile ngokuthola izinga lokumuncwa kwemisebe entweni, futhi afaneleka ngokukhethekile ukukala ukuminyana koketshezi ezimbonini ezifana nowoyela negesi.

3. Amathuluzi okulinganisa ukuminyana ekusetshenzisweni kwemboni yamakhemikhali
Embonini yamakhemikhali, amathuluzi okulinganisa ukuminyana asetshenziswa kakhulu ekulawuleni ikhwalithi, ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo nokuphathwa kwezinto:

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi: Ukulinganisa ukuminyana kuyipharamitha eyinhloko ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlangabezana nokucaciswa. Isibonelo, ekukhiqizweni kwe-polymer, ukuminyana kunomthelela oqondile ezintweni ezibonakalayo zomkhiqizo, ngakho-ke izilinganiso ezinembile zokuminyana ziyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Ukuthuthukisa Inqubo: Kwezinye izimo zamakhemikhali, ukuhlangana kwama-reactants kuthinta izinga lokusabela kanye nokukhetha komkhiqizo. Ngezilinganiso zesikhathi sangempela zokuminyana, onjiniyela bangakwazi ukulawula kangcono izimo zokusabela futhi balungiselele izinqubo zokukhiqiza.
Ukuphathwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo: Ngesikhathi sokugcina nokuthutha, amathuluzi okulinganisa ukuminyana asetshenziselwa ukunquma ivolumu yoketshezi noma amagesi emathangi namapayipi ukuze kulawulwe kahle uhlu lwempahla.

4. Ungakhetha kanjani ithuluzi elifanele lokulinganisa ukuminyana?
Ukukhetha ithuluzi elifanele lokulinganisa ukuminyana kudinga ukucatshangelwa kwezinto ezimbalwa, njengokunemba kokulinganisa, indawo yohlelo lokusebenza, ububanzi bokulinganisa nesabelomali. Ngezimo ezihlukene zokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali, abasebenzisi kufanele bakhethe uhlobo lwensimbi olufaneleka kakhulu ngokwezidingo zangempela:

Ukunemba kokulinganisa: Uma kudingeka ukunemba kokuminyana okuphezulu, i-densitometer yeshubhu edlidlizayo ivamise ukuba yinketho yokuqala.
Indawo yohlelo lokusebenza: Ngokushisa okuphezulu nokucindezela noma izindawo ezinobuthi, ama-densitometer emisebe yenuzi anganikeza izilinganiso zokungathinteki ukuze kugwenywe izingozi zokuphepha.
Umnotho: Kuzicelo zaselabhorethri ezinesabelomali esinqunyelwe, ama-densitometer endlela yokuvuselela iyindlela ethengekayo.

5. Amathrendi Akusasa Amathuluzi Okulinganisa Ukuminyana
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, amathuluzi okulinganisa ukuminyana ayathuthukiswa ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo ezikhulayo eziyinkimbinkimbi zemboni yamakhemikhali. Amathrendi esikhathi esizayo ahlanganisa ubuhlakani, i-automation kanye ne-digitalization, njengokuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe be-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) ezinhlelweni zokulinganisa ukuminyana kokuqapha okukude nokuhlaziywa kwedatha. Amathuluzi okulinganisa ukuminyana okuhlakaniphile azothuthukisa ukukhiqiza futhi anciphise ukungenelela mathupha, kuyilapho ethuthukisa ukunemba nokuthembeka kwezilinganiso.
Isiphetho
Amathuluzi okulinganisa ukuminyana adlala indima ebalulekile embonini yamakhemikhali, futhi ukukhetha nokusetshenziswa kwawo kunomthelela oqondile ekuzinzeni kwenqubo kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ukuqonda izinhlobo nezimiso zamathuluzi okulinganisa okuminyana ahlukahlukene kanye nokwenza izinqumo ezifanele ngokuya ngezimo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza kuzosiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, amathuluzi okulinganisa ukuminyana azoba ngohlakaniphe kakhulu futhi asebenze kahle, alethe amathuba amasha okuthuthukisa imboni yamakhemikhali.