Iphuzu elibilayo le-trichloromethane: Ukuqonda ngale pharamitha yamakhemikhali ebalulekile
I-Trichloromethane, ifomula yamakhemikhali i-CHCl₃, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-chloroform, iyincibilikisi ebalulekile yemvelo. Isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini nasezilabhorethri, futhi izakhiwo zayo ezibonakalayo, ikakhulukazi indawo yayo yokubilisa, ziyizici ezibalulekile zezindawo zayo zokufaka isicelo nokuphepha. Kuleli phepha, sizobheka ngokujulile indawo yokubilisa ye-trichloromethane futhi sihlaziye ukubaluleka kwayo embonini yamakhemikhali.
Indawo yokubilisa ye-trichloromethane nokubaluleka kwayo ngokomzimba
Iphuzu elibilayo le-trichloromethane lingu-61.2°C (noma 334.4 K). Indawo abilayo izinga lokushisa lapho uketshezi luguqulwa lube igesi ngomfutho othile (ngokuvamile umfutho womoya womkhathi, noma u-101.3 kPa). Endabeni ye-trichloromethane, indawo yayo yokubilisa ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa iyenza ibe nzima kakhulu ekamelweni lokushisa, okunomthelela omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwayo embonini yamakhemikhali.
Izinto ezithinta indawo yokubilisa ye-trichloromethane
Iphuzu elibilayo le-trichloromethane lithintwa izinto eziningi, ikakhulukazi amandla e-intermolecular van der Waals kanye ne-polarity ye-molecule. I-electronegativity enkulu yama-athomu e-chlorine ku-molecule ye-trichloromethane iyinikeza i-polarity ethile, okuholela ekubeni khona kwamandla athile e-dipole-dipole phakathi kwama-molecule. Ukuba khona kwala mandla e-intermolecular kuvumela i-trichloromethane ukuthi inqobe la mandla ahlangene futhi iguqulele igesi emazingeni okushisa athile kuphela. Ngenxa yalokho, iphoyinti layo lokubilisa liphezulu uma liqhathaniswa namanye ama-molecule angewona ama-polar njenge-methane (iphuzu lokubilisa -161.5°C) kodwa liphansi kunalelo lamanzi (iphuzu elibilayo elingu-100°C), libonisa amandla ayo aphakathi namandla okusebenzisana kwama-intermolecular.
Ukubaluleka kwephuzu lokubilisa le-trichloromethane ezinhlelweni zezimboni
Iphuzu elibilayo le-trichloromethane liwumhlahlandlela obalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwayo embonini. Iphuzu layo lokubilisa eliphansi liyenza i-solvent ephilayo esebenzayo, ikakhulukazi ezinqubweni ezidinga ukuhwamuka okusheshayo. Isibonelo, ekukhiqizweni kwamakhemikhali, i-trichloromethane ivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhishweni, ekuhlakazweni nasekuhlanzeni ngenxa yekhono layo lokuhwamuka ngokushesha kanye nekhono layo lokuncibilikisa izinto eziningi eziphilayo. Ngenxa yezinga layo eliphansi lokubilisa, ukuntengantenga kufanele kucatshangelwe ekwakhiweni kwemishini yezimboni, ikakhulukazi ezinqubweni ezihlanganisa ukukhishwa kwe-distillation kanye nokubuyiswa kwe-solvent, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile nokusebenza kahle.
Umthelela wephoyinti lokubilisa le-trichloromethane ekuphepheni
Iphuzu lokubilisa le-trichloromethane nalo linomthelela oqondile ekuphepheni kwesitoreji nokusetshenziswa kwayo. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo okuphezulu ezingeni lokushisa lasekamelweni, ijwayele ukwakha umhwamuko ovuthayo nobuthi emoyeni. Lokhu kudinga umoya omuhle kanye nokusetshenziswa kweziqukathi ezifanele ezivaliwe ukuze zigcinwe futhi zisetshenziswe. Ukwazi indawo yokubilisa ye-trichloromethane kungasiza izinkampani zamakhemikhali ukuthi zibeke izinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha ukuze zigweme ukuhwamuka ngengozi nokukhishwa kwegesi ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphakeme.
Isiphetho
Ukuhlaziywa kwephuzu elibilayo le-trichloromethane akusisizi nje kuphela ukuthi siqonde kangcono izici ezibonakalayo zale nto yamakhemikhali, kodwa futhi kunikeza isisekelo esibalulekile sethiyori sokusetshenziswa kwayo embonini yamakhemikhali. Kusukela ekwakhekeni kwayo kwamangqamuzana kuya ekusebenzeni kwayo okungokoqobo, indawo yokubilisa ye-trichloromethane idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwenqubo yamakhemikhali kanye nokulawulwa kokuphepha. Ngokuthola ukuqonda okujulile kwendawo yokubilisa ye-trichloromethane, singayisebenzisa kangcono le nto futhi siqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kwayo nokuphepha ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene.