Iphoyinti elibilisayo le-n-Butanol: imininingwane kanye nezici ezinomthelela
I-n-Butanol, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-1-butanol, iyinhlanganisela evamile esetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yamakhemikhali, upende kanye nemithi. Iphuzu lokubilisa liyipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu yezakhiwo ezibonakalayo ze-n-Butanol, ezingathinti nje kuphela ukugcinwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-n-Butanol, kodwa futhi nokusetshenziswa kwayo njenge-solvent noma ephakathi kwezinqubo zamakhemikhali. Kuleli phepha, sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe ngenani elithile lephoyinti elibilisa le-n-butanol kanye nezici ezinomthelela ngemuva kwalo.
Idatha eyisisekelo endaweni yokubilisa ye-n-butanol
Iphoyinti lokubilisa le-n-butanol ngu-117.7°C kungcindezi yomoya. Leli zinga lokushisa libonisa ukuthi i-n-butanol izoshintsha isuke oketshezini iye esimweni segesi lapho ishiselwa kuleli zinga lokushisa. I-n-Butanol iyi-solvent ephilayo enephuzu elibilisayo eliphakathi, eliphakeme kunalelo lama-alcohol amancane afana ne-methanol ne-ethanol, kodwa aphansi kunalawo otshwala anamaketanga ekhabhoni amade njenge-pentanol. Leli xabiso libaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwezimboni ezisebenzayo, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ezinkambisweni ezifana ne-distillation, ukuhlukaniswa nokubuyiselwa kwe-solvent, lapho inani eliqondile lephuzu elibilisa linquma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhethwa kwenqubo.
Izinto ezithinta indawo yokubilisa ye-n-butanol
Isakhiwo samangqamuzana
Iphuzu lokubilisa le-n-butanol lihlobene eduze nesakhiwo sayo samangqamuzana. I-n-Butanol iwutshwala obugcwele ngomugqa onefomula yamangqamuzana C₄H₉OH. I-n-Butanol inephuzu lokubilisa eliphakeme ngenxa yamandla anamandla e-intermolecular (isb, amandla e-van der Waals kanye ne-hydrogen bonding) phakathi kwama-molecule aqondile uma kuqhathaniswa nezakhiwo ezinamagatsha noma zama-cyclic. Ukuba khona kweqembu le-hydroxyl (-OH) ku-molecule ye-n-butanol, iqembu elisebenza nge-polar elingakha izibopho ze-hydrogen namanye ama-molecule, liphinde liphakamise iphuzu lalo lokubilisa.

I-Atmospheric Pressure Changes
Iphuzu lokubilisa le-n-butanol nalo lithintwa ukucindezela komkhathi. Iphoyinti lokubilisa le-n-butanol elingu-117.7°C libhekisela endaweni yokubilisa ekucindezelweni komkhathi okujwayelekile (101.3 kPa). Ngaphansi kwezimo zengcindezi yomoya ephansi, njengendawo yokukhishwa kwe-vacuum distillation, indawo yokubilisa ye-n-butanol izokwehla. Isibonelo, endaweni ye-semi-vacuum ingabila emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-100°C. Ngakho-ke, inqubo ye-distillation neyokuhlukanisa ye-n-butanol ingalawulwa ngokuphumelelayo ngokulungisa ingcindezi ye-ambient ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni.

Ubumsulwa nezinto ezikhona
Iphuzu lokubilisa le-n-butanol lingaphinde lithinteke ubumsulwa. Ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwe-n-butanol inephuzu lokubilisa elizinzile elingu-117.7°C. Nokho, uma ukungcola kukhona ku-n-butanol, lokhu kungase kuguqule iphuzu langempela lokubilisa le-n-butanol ngemiphumela ye-azeotropic noma okunye ukusebenzisana kwe-physicochemical. Isibonelo, uma i-n-butanol ixutshwa namanzi noma ezinye izincibilikisi eziphilayo, isenzakalo se-azeotropy singabangela iphoyinti lokubilisa lengxube libe phansi kunalelo le-n-butanol ehlanzekile. Ngakho-ke, ulwazi lokwakheka kanye nemvelo yengxube lubalulekile ekulawuleni okunembile kwamaphuzu abilayo.

Izicelo zephoyinti lokubilisa le-n-butanol embonini
Embonini yamakhemikhali, ukuqonda nokulawula indawo yokubilisa ye-n-butanol kubalulekile ngezinhloso ezingokoqobo. Isibonelo, ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza lapho i-n-butanol idinga ukuhlukaniswa nezinye izingxenye ngokukhishwa kwe-distillation, izinga lokushisa kufanele lilawulwe ngokunembile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo. Kumasistimu okubuyisela izincibilikizo, indawo yokubilisa ye-n-butanol iphinde inqume ukuklanywa kwempahla yokutakula nokusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Iphoyinti lokubilisa elimaphakathi le-n-butanol liholele ekusetshenzisweni kwayo ekuphenduleni okuningi kwe-solvent namakhemikhali.
Ukuqonda indawo yokubilisa ye-n-butanol kubalulekile ekusebenziseni kwayo ekusetshenzisweni kwamakhemikhali. Ulwazi lwephuzu lokubilisa le-n-butanol lunikeza isisekelo esiqinile sokuklama inqubo nokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza, kokubili ocwaningweni lwaselabhorethri kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezimboni.