Iphuzu elibilayo le-n-butanol: imininingwane nezinto ezinomthelela
I-N-Butanol, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-1-Butanol, iyingxenye evamile esetshenziswayo esetshenziswa kabanzi kwizimboni zamakhemikhali, ngopende kanye nezemithi. Iphoyinti elibilayo liyipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu yezindawo ezibonakalayo ze-N-Butanol, ezingathintanga kuphela isitoreji nokusetshenziswa kwe-n-Butanol, kepha futhi isicelo sayo njenge-solvent noma esiphakathi kwezinqubo zamakhemikhali. Kuleli phepha, sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe inani elithile le-N-Buthanol elibilayo kanye nezinto ezithonya ngemuva kwalo.
Idatha eyisisekelo endaweni ebilayo ye-N-Butanol
Iphoyinti elibilayo le-n-Butanol lingu-117.7 ° C lapho kucindezelwa umoya. Lokhu kushisa kukhombisa ukuthi i-N-Butanol izoshintsha kusuka ku-ketshezi ku-gaseous State lapho kufuthelwa kulokhu kushisa. I-N-Butanol i-solvent ye-organic enendawo ebilayo ephakathi nendawo, ephakeme kunaleyo yotshwala obuncane njenge-methanol ne-ethanol, kepha bephansi kunalebo botshwala abanamaketanga amade e-carbon ane-pentanol. Leli nani libaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwezimboni ezisebenzayo, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngezinqubo ezinjengokudilizwa, ukwahlukana nokubuyiselwa kwe-solvent, lapho inani eliqondile lephuzu lokubila linquma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokukhethwa kwenqubo.
Izici ezithinta iphuzu elibilayo le-n-butanol
Isakhiwo samangqamuzana
Iphuzu elibilayo le-n-butanol lihlobene kakhulu nesakhiwo salo se-molecular. I-N-Butanol iyindlela egcwele utshwala ngefomula ka-c₄hhoh. I-N-Butanol inephuzu eliphakeme elibi kakhulu ngenxa yamandla anamandla amakhulu (isib., i-van der Waals Forces kanye ne-hydrogen bonding) phakathi kwezinhlaka zezinhlaka ze-cyclic. Ukuba khona kweqembu le-hydroxyl (-OH) ku-n-butanol molecule, iqembu elisebenzayo elisebenzayo elingakha ama-hydrogen bond namanye ama-molecule, kuphakamisa futhi iphuzu layo elibilayo.

Ingcindezi yasemkhathini iyashintsha
Iphoyinti elibilayo le-N-Butanol libuye lithintwe yingcindezi yezulu. Iphuzu le-n-butanol elibilayo le-117.7 ° C libhekisela endaweni ebilayo ekucindezelweni okujwayelekile komkhathi (101.3 KPA). Ngaphansi kwemibandela ephansi yokucindezela komkhathi, njengasendaweni ye-vacuum distillation emvelweni, iphuzu elibilayo le-n-butanol lizoncipha. Isibonelo, endaweni ye-semi-vacuum ingabilisa emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-100 ° C. Ngakho-ke, i-distillation kanye nenqubo yokuhlukanisa ye-n-Butanol ingalawulwa ngempumelelo ngokulungisa ingcindezi ekhona ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni.

Ukuhlanzeka kanye nezinto ezikhona
Iphuzu elibilayo le-n-butanol lingathinteka nobumsulwa. Ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwe-n-Butanol kunephuzu elizinzile elibilayo le-117.7 ° C. Kodwa-ke, uma ukungcola kukhona ku-N-Buthanol, lokhu kungaguqula indawo yangempela ye-N-Butanol ngemiphumela ye-azeotropic noma okunye ukusebenzisana kwe-physicochemical. Isibonelo, lapho i-N-Butanol ixutshwe namanzi noma ezinye izilonge ze-organic, into ye-azeotropy ingadala ukuthi iphuzu elibilayo lengxube liphansi kunalena-n-butanol. Ngakho-ke, ulwazi lokwakheka kanye nohlobo lwengxube kubalulekile ekuphathweni okunembile kokubingelela okunembile.

Izicelo ze-N-Buthanol Boiling Point embonini
Embonini yamakhemikhali, ukuqonda nokulawulwa kwephuzu elibilayo le-N-Butanol kubalulekile ngezinhloso ezisebenzayo. Isibonelo, ezinhlokweni zokukhiqiza lapho i-N-Butanol idinga ukuhlukaniswa nezinye izakhi ngokuzithambisa, izinga lokushisa kufanele lilawulwe ngokunembile ukuze liqinisekise ukuhlukaniswa okusebenzayo. Ezinhlelweni zohlelo lokusebenza lwe-solvent, iphuzu elibilayo le-N-Butanol libuye linqume ukwakhiwa kwemishini yokutakula kanye nokusebenza kwamandla. Iphuzu elililayo elilinganiselayo le-N-Butanol liholele ekusetshenzisweni kwalo kuma-solvent amaningi kanye nokuphendula kwamakhemikhali.
Ukuqonda iphuzu elibilayo le-N-Butanol kubalulekile ukuze kusetshenziswe kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zamakhemikhali. Ulwazi lwephuzu elibilayo le-N-Butanol linikeza isisekelo esiqinile senqubo design kanye nentuthuko yokukhiqiza, kokubili ocwaningweni lwelebhu nasekukhiqizweni kwezimboni.